译林新版(2024)英语七年级上册Unit 4School day单词解析

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译林新版(2024)英语七年级上册Unit 4School day单词解析

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译林新版英语七上Unit 4单词解析
Unit 4 School days!
一、单词解析
1.A. M. 上午 -- P. M. 下午
Eg: 8: 00 am 上午8点; 4: 00 pm 下午4点
2.Get up 起床
Eg: She often gets up at 6:00 am. 她经常上午6点起床。
3.Activity (名词) 活动; 其复数形式为activities
派生词:act (动词) 行动 -- active (形容词) 积极的
常见搭配:daily activity 日常活动
Physical activity 体育活动
After - school activities 课后活动
Eg: She takes part in lots of physical activities at school.
4.Housework (不可数名词) 家务劳动;家务事
注意:该词为不可数名词,故无复数形式,可用much, a lot of/ lots of等修饰
常见搭配:do some housework 做些家务
Eg: My mum does lots of housework today. 今天我妈妈做了许多家务。
5.Homework (不可数名词) 家庭作业
注意:该词为不可数名词,故无复数形式,可用much, a lot of/ lots of等修饰
常见搭配:do one’s homework 做作业
Eg: I often do my homework after dinner. 我经常晚饭后做作业。
6.On weekdays 在工作日
知识拓展:
Weekdays常指周一到周五的工作日,weekends常指周六周日的休息日
常见搭配:at/ on the weekends 在周末
Eg: We often go to work by subway on weekdays. 我们在工作日经常坐地铁上班。
7.Usually (副词) 通常地
派生词:usual (形容词) 通常的;往常的
用法详解:usually为频率副词,在句中常常位于实义动词之前,助动词、be动词、情态动词之后。
Eg: She usually goes to school by bus. 她通常坐公交车上学。
8.A little 一点,少量;少量的;一些
易混辨析:a few、few、a little与little区别:
a few “一些;少许” 后接可数名词复数,表肯定
few “几乎没有”后接可数名词复数,表否定
a little“一些;少许”后接不可数名词,表肯定
little “几乎没有”后接不可数名词,表否定
Eg: There are a few apples in fridge, you can eat one. 冰箱里有一点苹果,你可以吃一个。
There are few apples in fridge, we should get some. 冰箱里要没有苹果了,我们应该去买一些。
There is a little milk in fridge, you can drink some. 冰箱里有点牛奶,你可以喝一些。
There is little milk in fridge, we should buy some. 冰箱里没有牛奶了,我们应该去买点。
9.Myself (反身代词) 我自己;亲自 -- (复数形式) ourselves -- (该词为反身代词)
知识拓展: 其它反身代词有:yourself (你自己); himself (他自己); herself (她自己); itself (它自己); yourselves (你们自己); themselves (他们自己)
常见搭配:enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;过得愉快
Eg: I enjoyed myself last night at the party. 昨晚在派对上我玩得很高兴。\
注意:oneself代替所有反身代词,形式要随主语发生变化。
10.First (数词/副词) 第一;首先 (该词为序数词形式)
派生词:one (数词) 一 (该词为基数词形式)
常见搭配:at first 首先; first of all 首先;第一
Eg: First of all, you should wash these fruits. 首先,你应该洗这些水果。
I spent most time on the first question. 我在第一个问题上花的时间最多。
11.Term (名词) 学期;期
常见搭配:this term 这个学期; new term 新学期
Eg: We have seven subjects this term. 这学期我们有七个学科。
12.Start (名词/动词) 开始;着手;开头;开端
同义词:begin (动词) 开始
常见搭配:start to do sth. / start doing sth. = Begin to do sth./ begin doing sth. 开始做某事
The start of ... ...的开端
Eg: We often start to have/ having lessons at 8:30. 我们经常8:30开始上课。
Today is the start of new term. 今天是新学期的开始。
13.Writer (名词) 作家
派生词:write (动词) 写
常见搭配:write to sb. 给某人写信
Eg: Lu Xun is a famous writer. 鲁迅是一位著名作家。
14.Language (名词) 语言; 其复数形式为languages
常见搭配:learn a new language 学习一门新语言
Eg: English is my second language. 英语是我的第二语言。
15.Amazing (形容词) 令人大为惊奇的 (修饰物)
派生词:amazed (形容词) 吃惊的(修饰人); amaze (动词) 使惊奇
常见搭配:be amazed at ... 对...感到惊奇
Eg: She is amazed at the amazing results. 她对这个惊人的结果感到惊奇。
16.Living (形容词) 活着的;活的
易混辨析: alive, lively, living和live区别
alive “活着的;在世的”常用来指人,有时也可指物;作表语,后置定语或宾语补足语
lively “活泼的;生动的”可指人或物,作表语、定语
living “活着的”可指人或物, the living “活着的人”
live “活着的”不修饰人,主要形容鸟或其他动物
Eg: Is the dog alive or dead 这条狗是死还是活?
She is a lively girl. 她是一个活泼的女孩。
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 98. 她的也爷爷活到98岁。
The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。
17.Nature (名词) 大自然;天性
派生词: natural (形容词) 自然的;天然的
常见搭配:In nature 在大自然里
natural food 天然食物
Natural park 自然公园
Eg: There are all kinds of animals in nature. 大自然中有各种各样的动物。
The boy likes drinking natural yogurt. 这个小男孩喜欢喝原味酸奶。
It’s natural for parents to worry about their children. 父母担心孩子是正常的。
18.Practise (动词) 练习 也可写作practice
常见搭配:practise doing sth. 练习做某事
Practice makes perfect. 孰能生巧。
Eg: Mary often practices playing the piano in the afternoon. 玛丽经常下午练习弹钢琴。
19.Field (名词) 田;地;领域
常见搭配:field trip 野外考察;实地考察
open field 旷野
Ball field 球场
Work in a field 在某领域工作
Eg: We went on a geology field trip. 我们去进行地质野外考察。
People are working in the fields. 人们在田间劳动。
They are all expert in this field. 他们都是这个领域的行家。
20.Leave for 动身去;到...地方去
用法搭配: leave用法小结
Leave (动词) 离开;遗落
常见搭配:leave + 地点 “离开某地”
leave for + 地点 “动身前往某事”
leave sth. + 地点介词短语 “把某物落在某地”
Eg: I will leave Beijing. 我要去北京。
I will leave for Beijing. 我动身前往北京。
I left my homework at home. 我把作业落在家里了。
21.Pick (动词) 采;摘;挑选
常见搭配:pick apples 摘苹果
Pick flowers 摘花
pick sth. up 拿起;捡起
Eg: My mum picks me up from school every day. 我妈妈每天接我放学。
Please pick the book up. 请把那本书捡起来。
22.Would (情态动词) 将;将会 (无人称和数的变化)
常见搭配:would you like … “你(们)想要… …吗?”
常用于有礼貌地向别人提出邀请。变疑问句时,将would提前。
肯定回答:Yes, please. 或 Yes, I’d love/ like to.
否定回答:No, thanks. 或 I’d love/ like to, but I …
would like “想;想要”经常缩写为’d like, 相当于want
would like sth. = want sth. 想要某物
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 想要做某事
would like sb. to do sth. = want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
Eg: I would like an English book. 我想要一本英语书。
-- Would you like an English book 你想要一本英语书吗?
I would like to go shopping . 我想要去购物。
-- Would you like to go shopping 你想要去购物吗?
His parents would like him to get good marks. 他父母想让他取得好成绩。
-- Would his parents like him to get good marks 他父母想让他取得好成绩吗?
23.Of course 当然
同义词:Certainly. = Sure. 当然。
24.Seldom (副词) 很少
用法详解:相当于 not often 表示否定含义
Eg: We were seldom at home. 我们很少在家。
25.Grow (动词) 生长;发育;种植
派生词:growth (名词) 发展;成长
常见搭配:grow up 长大;
grow tall 长高
注意:当grow译为“变得”时,后面常常接形容词
Eg: What do you want to be when you grow up 你长大后想成为什么?
My grandparents grow old day by day. 我爷爷奶奶一天天变老了。
population growth 人口增长
26.Tour (名词) 参观;旅行
派生词:tourist (名词) 游客; 同义词:visit
常见搭配:world tour 世界旅行
易混辨析:Journey, trip, travel与tour区别:
journey着重指“长距离的、陆上的旅行”
Trip 指“任何方式的短途旅行”
travel泛指旅行的过程,尤指出国旅行
tour常指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”
Eg: We spent four weeks touring around Europe. 我们花了四个星期周游欧洲。
27.Outside (副词) 在外面;(介词)在...外面
反义词:inside 在里面
常见搭配:go outside 去外面
Eg: It was dark outside and I couldn’t see any. 外面很黑,我什么都看不见。
28.Peace (名词) 平静;和平
派生词:peaceful (形容词) 和平的
常见搭配:in peace 平静地
Eg: He had a peaceful life. 他过着平静的生活。
I hope you find the best way to live in peace. 我希望你们能找到最好的方式和平地生活。
29.Quiet (名词) 宁静;平静 (形容词) 安静的
常见搭配:keep quiet 保持安静
Eg: “Be quiet!” said the teacher. “安静点!”老师说道。
30.Better (形容词) 更好的
注意:该词为good/well的比较级形式
Eg: She sings better than Lily. 她比丽丽唱得好。
31.Tiring (形容词) 累人的 该词常常修饰物
派生词: tired (形容词) 厌倦的 该词常常用来修饰人
常见搭配: Feel tired 感到疲倦
Be tired 疲倦;厌倦
Eg: It is very tiring work. 这是很累人的工作。
She felt tired very much. 她感到非常疲倦。
32.Duty (名词) 职责;任务;义务
常见搭配:sense of duty 责任感
On duty 值班;当值
Eg: It’s the first day I’m on duty. 这是我第一天上班。
It is my duty to report it to the police. 把这事报告给警方是我的责任。
33.Take part in 参加
易混辨析:take part in与join区别
Join (动词) “加入;参与”(常常指加入某一党派、团体成为其中一员)
Take part in “加入;参加” (常指参加某一活动并其积极作用)
Eg: My brother joined the Amy last year. 我哥哥去年参军了。
She wants to take part in the meeting. 她想参加这次会议。
34.Through (介词) 以;凭借;通过;穿过
常见搭配:go through 穿过
易混辨析:through与across区别:
Through 常指从内部穿过而
across常指从表面穿过
Eg: I often go home through the park. 我经常穿过公园回家。
The old man walked across the street alone. 这位老人独自走过过马路。
35.Group (名词) 组;群;批
常见搭配:in groups 以小组
A group of... 一群/组...
Eg: The students work in groups on complex problems. 学生们分组研究复杂的问题。
There is a group of sheep on the hill. 山上有一群羊。
36.Take turns 轮流
常见搭配:take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
Eg: We can take turns to be the monitor. 我们可以轮流当班长。
知识拓展: Turn (动词) “转动;变成”
常见搭配:turn off 关闭
Turn on 打开
Turn down 把声音调低;拒绝
Turn up 把声音调高;出现
Turn ... into 变成...
Turn left/right 左转/右转
Eg: Finally, he turned failure into success. 最后,他反败为胜。
37.Empty (动词) 倒空; (形容词) 空的
常见搭配:empty the bin 倒垃圾桶
Eg: Please empty the bin. 请把垃圾桶倒了。
The bin is empty. 垃圾桶是空的。
38.Take (good) care of (好好)照顾;照料
同义词组:look after (well) (好好)照顾
Eg: You should take good care of yourself. = You should look after well yourself
你应该好好照顾自己。
39.Something (代词) 某事;某物
用法详解:
something为不定代词,形容词及动词不定式在修饰不定代词时,需要放在不定代词的后面。
Eg: something special 特别的东西
Something to eat 吃的东西
知识拓展:
其它不定代词有someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody及nothing.
注意:不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Eg: Everyone is here. 每个人都在这了。

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