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新概念英语1：Lesson 119 和120 笔记
Lesson 119 单词讲解
1. story ['st ri] n. 故事
I want to tell you a true story. 我要告诉你一个真实的故事。
I'm interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。
tell a story 讲故事
a true story 一个真实的故事
2. happen ['h p n] v.发生
What happened to you last night 昨晚你发生什么事了？
sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
3. thief 贼 （复数: thieves)
The thief jumped out of the window and ran away．小偷跳出窗户逃跑了。
The thief was too tired to run . 这个小偷太累了，跑不动了。
　
4. enter ['ent (r)] v.进入
enter= go into
He entered the room quietly. 他静静地走进了房间。
When my husband was entering the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. 今天早上我丈夫走进餐厅时，把一些硬币掉在地上了。
5. dark [dɑ k] 黑暗的
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看看那些乌云，快要下雨了。
It's very dark outside, you'd better stay at home. 外面很黑，你最好呆在家里。
拓展：dark 深色的
dark blue 深蓝色
6. torch [t t ] 手电筒
Can you give me a torch, please
7. voice [v s] (说话的）声音
Her voice sounds beautiful. She will be a great singer in the future.她的声音听起来很动听。她将来一定会成为一位出色的歌手。
It's good to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真好。
Everyone loves her beautiful voice. 人人都喜欢她美丽的嗓音。
三个“声音”：
sound 自然界的任何可以听见的声音 the sound of the piano 钢琴的声音
noise噪音 make a noise/noise 制造噪音
voice嗓音 in a low voice 用低声音（说话）
8. parrot ['p r t] n. 鹦鹉
The little boy wants to buy a parrot. 这个小男孩想买一只鹦鹉。
Lesson 119 课文讲解
1. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. 这是一年前发生在我的一个朋友身上的故事。
... happen to sb. , (某事) 发生在某人的身上.
What happened to you yesterday 你昨天出什么事了？
a friend of mine,我的朋友之一，相当于one of my friends，但前者比后者显得更为亲切。
名词+ of +名词性物主代词 表示“其中之一”
a classmate of mine 我的同学之一
a sister of his（他的姐姐/妹妹之一）
a neighbor of ours（我们的邻居之一）
a daughter of theirs 他们的女儿之一
a book of mine（我的书之一）
2. While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. 当我的朋友乔治在床上看书时，两个小偷爬进了他的厨房。
这里的 while 表示“当... 的时候”， 这里的 while也可以用when
George是 my friend 的同位语
例句：My hometown , Hefei, is a beautiful place.
My classmate, Tom, is a basketball star. 我的同学，汤姆，是一名篮球明星。
3．After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. 他们进到屋里后，走进了饭厅。
After they had entered the house 是时间状语从句，had entered 是过去完成时结构。在以after引导的时间状语从句中，用一般过去时或过去完成时没有多少差别。假如强调从句的谓语动作在主句的谓语动作之前完成，就用过去完成时。
4. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch.
turn on, 打开，拧开（电视、水源、煤气等）。
其反义词为 turn off（关上）。
Remember to turn off the lights before you leave the room.
离开房间前请记得关灯。
5. Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. 突然他们听到身后有声音
suddenly adv. 突然地
hear听到
6. What's up 什么事？
---What’s up --- 怎么了？
---There is something wrong with my computer. It doesn’t work. --- 我的电脑出了一些问题。它不能工作了。
7. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could. 小偷扔下了手电筒，飞快地逃走了。
run away 逃跑
go away 走开
as quickly as they could 是状语，修饰run away。
第一个as是副词，修饰quickly，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。could 后省略了run，意思是“能跑多快就跑多快”。例如：
He worked as hard as he could. 他工作十分努力。（能多努力就多努力）
as...as...像...一样
as...as possible 尽......所能地......
as slowly as possbile -尽可能慢地
Please drive as slowly as possible.
as fast as possible - 尽可能快地
as early as possible - 尽可能早地
as soon as possible - 尽快地
I will call you as soon as possible. 我会尽快给你打电话。
as much as possible - 尽可能多地
as carefully as possible - 尽可能小心地
8. He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thieves had already gone.
他打开灯，但不见一个人。小偷已经走了。
9. Go back to sleep. 继续睡觉
go back 回去，返回
I'm going to go back to my hometown for the holidays. 我打算回我的家乡度假。
Lesson 119 & 120 语法讲解
过去完成时的用法（初中简易版）
1. 定义和构成：
定义：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
构成：had +过去分词
动作在前的用过去完成时，动作在后的用一般过去时。
By the end of last month, we had built a new computer lab. 到上个月底为止，我们已经建了一个新的电脑实验室。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
She had finished cooking dinner before her guests arrived.
By the time I got home, he had already cleaned the entire house.
2.否定句和一般疑问句
1).否定句：had 后加not
By the time I left, they had cleaned the room.
否定句为：By the time I left, they had not cleaned the room.
2).一般疑问句：had 提前
He had already left by the time I got home.
一般疑问句为：Had he already left by the time you got home
3. 过去完成时的时间标志词
1). by + 过去时间( by有“截止”的意思）
by the end of last year/last week/last month...
by the time ...
By 9 o'clcok last night, I had already finished my homework. =I had already finished my homework by 9 o'clock last night.
By the end of last year, they had built a new school.（到去年年底，他们已经建了一所新学校。）
By the time we got home, they had already eaten dinner. 当我们到家时，他们已经吃过晚饭了。
2).表示动作先后顺序的连接词 when, after , before 等等。
When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
When she arrived at the party, everyone had already started dancing. 当她到达聚会时，大家已经开始跳舞了。
After they had eaten dinner, they went for a walk in the park. 在他们吃完晚饭后，他们去公园散步了。
After he had studied for hours, he finally understood the math problem.在他学习了几个小时后，他终于理解了这道数学题。
I had already brushed my teeth before I went to bed, 我睡觉之前，已经刷了牙。
注意：常与现在完成时连用的副词，如 already（已经）， ever（曾经），for +表示时间段的词，just（刚刚）和 never（从未）也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序。有时我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示先发生的事件，因为意思十分清楚。尤其是在含有before 或 after 的主从复合句中。
After I finished work ,I went home. 我完成工作后就回家了。

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