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新概念英语1：Lesson 125-126笔记
Lesson 125 & 126 单词讲解
1. water ['w t ] v. 浇水
I have watered the flowers. 我已经给花浇好水了。
The man who is watering the flowers is my cousin. 那个正在给花浇水的男人是我的表哥。
2. terribly ['ter bli] adv. 非常
I was terribly nervous during the exam. 我在考试中异常紧张。
The movie that we watched last night was terribly boring. 我们昨晚看的那部电影无聊透顶。
She's terribly tired after her hard work.
3. dry [dra ] adj. 干燥的，干的
The soil is too dry to plant flowers. 土壤太干不能种花。
反义词： wet
4. nuisance ['nju sns] n. 讨厌的东西或人
What a nuisance! 真讨厌！
5．mean [mi n] v.意味着，意思是
mean-meant-meant
His smile meant he was happy. 他的微笑意味着他很高兴。
Her son means everything to her. 她的儿子对她来说意味着一切。
What does this word mean 这个单词是什么意思？
What do you mean 你是什么意思？
It means (that) ...... “它意味着”或“这表示”
It means I can go to the park with my friends. 这意味着我可以和朋友们一起去公园。
6. surprise [s 'pra z] n. 惊奇，意外的事
It was such a pleasant surprise. 这真是一个令人愉快的惊喜。
What a big surprise. 真是一个大惊喜！
7. immediately [ 'mi di tli] adv.立即地
She recognized him immediately as soon as he walked into the room.
他一走进房间，她立刻就认出了他。
Lesson 125 课文讲解
1．Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter 彼得,你现在能进来喝茶吗？
这是否定疑问句，表示邀请。请参见 Lessons 77～78语法部分。
2. Not yet. I must water the garden first. 还不能。我得先给花园浇水。
first首先
Let's clean the room first, and then we can have dinner.
我们先打扫房间，然后再吃晚饭。
3．Don't you remember 你不记得了吗？
这也是否定疑问句。
4. Well, I will have tea by myself. 好吧，我将一个人喝茶了。
by 的用法总结：
1).乘坐（交通工具等）
by bike/car/bus/train/plane/ship...
I go to work by bus.（我乘公交车上班。）
2).不迟于...
I must finish my homework by 10 pm.（我必须在晚上10点前完成作业。）
3).表示“方式或手段”
I learned English by watching movies. 我通过看电影学习英语。
4）. 固定搭配
by oneself 单独地,独自地
She went to the movies by herself yesterday. （她昨天独自去看了电影。）
I finished the project by myself. （我独自完成了这个项目。）
5. Have you finished already 你已经浇完了？
在更正式的场合或书面语中，可能会避免在疑问句中使用"already"，或者将其放在句子的其他位置以符合语法规则或表达习惯。但在日常口语交流中，这种用法是完全可以接受的。
“already”在一般疑问句“Have you finished already ”中放在句末，是为了强调对方可能出乎意料地提前完成了某事，传达了惊讶或好奇的情感。这种用法在口语中较常见。
Have you finished your homework already I thought you said you'd start later. 你已经完成作业了吗？我以为你说过要晚点才开始的。
（在这里，“already”同样强调了对方完成作业的速度之快，与说话者的预期不符。）
6．That means you don't need to water the garden. 那意味着你不必给花园浇水了。
don't need to= needn't=don’t have to 。
表示“不必”，是must和 have to的一般现在时否定式。
7．That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead.
这是意想不到的好事。这意味着我反倒可以喝茶了。
a pleasant surprise,意想不到的好事，令人惊喜的事。
Lesson 125-126 语法讲解
一.have to 的用法：
1. 特殊的情态动词 have to
含义：“必须/不得不”，表示客观上需要，强调被迫性。
I have to work every day. 我不得不每天工作。
You have to be in hospital. 你不得不住院。
"have to" 是一种半情态动词（semi-modal verb），因为它具有情态动词的某些特性（如后接动词原形），但又有动词的某些特征（如时态和人称变化）。
"have to "的否定句和一般疑问句要借助do 的适当形式。
have to 用于一般现在时
I have to work every day.
I don't have to work every day.
Do you have to work every day
Why do you have to work every day
She has to work every day.
She doesn't have to work every day.
Does she have to work every day
Why does she have to work every day
have to 用于一般过去时
She had to finish her homework last night.
She didn't have to finish her homework last night.
Did she have to finish her homework last night
have to 用于一般将来时
I will have to stay at home tomorrow.
I won't have to stay at home tomorrow.
Will you have to stay at home tomorrow
2. must 与 have to 的区别
1). must 表示主观意志，而 have to 表示由于客观因素不得不做某事
I like English. I must study English hard. 我喜欢英语，我必须努力学习英语。
I don't like English. But I have to study English. 我不喜欢英语，但是我不得不学习英语。
2). 用于否定句时，mustn't表示禁止，而 don't have to 表示不必。
A. don't have to “不必”，英式英语中常用 needn't 代替。
You don't have to come early. = You needn't come early. 你不一定要早来。
B. mustn't 表示一定不要
You mustn't come early. 你一定不要早来。（Don't come early.)
3). must 与have to 的其他用法
A. must 一般疑问句和肯定句的回答。
Must she go to school tomorrow
回答：Yes, she must. /No, she doesn't have to./No, she needn't .(不用mustn't)
B. must 还可以表示推测，意为“一定，准是”。
The letter must be from her pen pal. 这封信一定是她笔友寄来的。
C. "have to " 还可以用在其他情态动词之后。
We may have to take military action. 我们可能不得不采取军事行动。
例题：
（ ）1. You have to ________ the book in two weeks, or you must renew(续借) it.
A. returned B. returning C. return back D. return
（ ）2. It's raining heavily outside. He _______ cancel (取消）his plan to go swimming.
A. must B. have to C. has to D. must have
（ ）3. You ______ cross the road on a red light.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
( )4. The schoolbag ______ be Tom's. Here, his name is on it.
A. may B. could C. must D. might
( )5. A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist _______ be a hard-working man.
A. may not ; must B. may not; can C. can't ; must
二. 既可以作动词也可以作名词的单词总结
Theair is fresh. 空气清新。
Open the window and air the kitchen. 打开窗户, 让厨房通下气。
What is the color 什么颜色的？
Color the picture. 给图片上色。
I like milk. 我喜欢牛奶。
Milk it. 给它（奶牛）挤奶。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
Book a ticket. 预定一张票。
There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有水。
Water the flower. 给花浇水。
There is some dust. 那有灰尘。
Dust the table. 把桌上的灰尘清扫掉。
I forgot my phone at school. 我把手机忘在学校了。
Iphoned my mom to say I was on my way home. 我给妈妈打了电话，告诉她我在回家的路上。
It is a great piece of paint. 这是一幅绘画杰作。
I personally think we should paint the wall yellow. 我个人认为墙壁应该粉刷成黄色。

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