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新概念英语1：Lesson 141-142 重要笔记
Lesson 141 -142 单词讲解
1.excited [ k'sa t d] adj. 兴奋的
The children were excited about their birthday party. 孩子们对他们的生日聚会很兴奋。
They must have been very excited when they heard the news. 他们听到这个消息时一定非常兴奋。
拓展：exciting 令人兴奋的，激动人心的
2. get on 登上
Let's get on the bus quickly. 我们快点上车吧。
3. middle-aged ['m dl e d d] adj. 中年的
构词妙招：middle-aged=middle (中间的)+aged (年老的）
middle-aged woman/man 中年女人/男人
Many middle-aged people enjoy hiking. 很多中年人喜欢徒步旅行。
age [e d ] n. 年龄
While the middle-aged man was watching TV, his wife was doing yoga in the living room.
当这个中年男人在看电视的时候，他的妻子正在客厅做瑜伽。
The middle-aged woman I met on the street yesterday is a rich woman.
4. opposite [' p z t] prep. 在......对面
The restaurant is just opposite the bus stop. 餐馆就在公交车站对面。
My house is opposite the park. 我的房子在公园对面。
5. curiously ['kj ri sli] adv. 好奇地
构词妙招：curiously=curious (好奇的）+-ly
She asked curiously why he was late. 她好奇地问他为什么迟到。
She looked curiously at the new toy. 她好奇地看着那个新玩具。
6. funny ['f ni] adj. 可笑的，滑稽的
He is the funny guy I told you about yesterday. 他就是我昨天跟你说的那个有趣的人。
The old man always tells children funny stories. 那位老人总是给孩子们讲滑稽的故事。
7. power ['pa d ] n.香粉
Please give me some baby power. 请给我一些婴儿爽身粉。
8. compact['k mp kt] n. 带镜的化妆盒
power compact : 粉盒
She always takes a powder compact with her.她总是随身带着一个粉盒。
She left her powder compact at home. 她把她的粉盒落在家里了。
9. kindly ['ka ndli] adv. 和蔼地
构词妙招：kindly=kind (和蔼的）+-ly
The old lady greeted us kindly. 这位老太太亲切地向我们打招呼。
10. ugly [' ɡli] adj. 丑陋的
The painting was so ugly that no one wanted to buy it.那幅画太丑了，以至于没人想买。
The ugly man who is buying books for his daughter is a millionaire.
11. amused [ 'mju zd] adj. 觉得有趣的，被逗乐的
The children were amused at the story teller's jokes. 孩子们被故事讲述者的笑话逗乐了。
拓展：amusing adj.有趣的；引人发笑的
I was amused to hear this amusing story.
12. smile [sma l]v. 微笑 smile at sb. 对某人微笑
When I walked into the room, she was smiling warmly at me.当我走进房间时，她正热情地向我微笑。
13. embarrassed [ m'b r st] adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的
She was embarrassed when they asked her age. 他们问她的年龄时，她窘得很。
He is embarrassed because he made a mistake. 他因为弄错而显得很窘。
The man is embarrassed because he has no money. 那名男子因为没钱而窘迫。
拓展：embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
14. worried ['w rid] adj. 担心的，担忧的
She is very worried about her son's future because he often fails his exams.
15. regularly ['reɡj l li] adv. 经常地，定期地
构词妙招：regularly=regular (定期的，有规律的）+-ly
He comes here regularly every Friday. 他每周五定期来这里一趟。
You do exercise regularly, don't you 你定期做运动，不是吗？
Lesson 141-142 课文讲解
1. Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party.上周，我四岁的女儿萨莉被邀请去参加一个儿童聚会。
1). my four-year-old daughter我那4岁的女儿
four-year-old是名词 daughter的定语。各词用连字符连在一起，构成一个复合形容词。注意在这个复合词中仅用单数 year，而不用复数。
a five-year-old boy 一个五岁的男孩
a three-meter-tall tree 一棵三米高的树
2). a children's party 儿童聚会
students' reading room 学生阅览室
3).这是一个被动语态的例子。在英文中，假如想避免用含混不清的词（如 someone等）作主语，经常可使用被动词态。
2.I decided to take her by train. 我决定带她乘火车去。
decide to to do sth. 决定做某事
He decided to get married. 他决定结婚。
3. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
这句话使用的是过去完成时，副词before通常用于完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）的句子里，而ago用在过去时的句子里。
4. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. 她靠窗坐着，对她所看到的一切都要问个明白。
这个句子中的“she saw”部分是一个定语从句，用于修饰前面的名词everything。
everything she saw 她所见到的一切
everything she did 她所做的一切
Everything she did was for her daughter.她所做的一切都是为了她的女儿。
5. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. 突然，一个中年妇女上了火车， 坐在萨莉的对面。
a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士
opposite Sally在萨莉的对面
opposite:在 ... 对面
The school is opposite the park. 学校位于公园的对面。
6. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. 那位妇女穿着一件蓝色的大衣，带着一顶大而滑稽的帽子。
be dressed in ... 穿着....
She was dressed in a beautiful red dress for the party. 她为了参加聚会穿了一件漂亮的红裙子。
7. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her power compact. 火车开出站后，那位妇女打开了手提包，拿出了粉盒。
take out 拿出
He put his hand into his pocket, and took out a phrasebook. L73
8. She then began to make up her face. 然后她开始打扮起来。
make up意为“化妆”、“妆扮”（指擦胭脂、抹粉）。
I don't know how to make up, can you teach me 我不知道怎么化妆，你能教我吗？
9. To make myself beautiful... 把自己妆扮漂亮……
这是一个省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下这个作目的状语的动词不定式短语；beautiful 作 myself 的宾语补足语。
这里to ...表示目的
I got up early this morning to catch the first bus.今天早上我起得很早，为的是赶上第一班公交车。
She studies hard every day to get good grades. 她每天努力学习，为的是取得好成绩。
He did that to make her happy. 他那么做是为了让她开心。
10. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. 她放好了粉盒，慈祥地微笑着。
put away 收拾好；放好
Please put away your toys . 请收拾好你的玩具。
Lesson 141-142 语法讲解
被动语态
1. 被动语态概述
在英语中，动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
2. 被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构为：be + 过去分词
be动词根据时态和主语的单复数变化（am/is/are/was/were）。
过去分词 是动词的一种形式，用于构成被动语态和完成时态。大多数动词的过去分词形式与过去式相同，但也有例外，如“write-wrote-written”，“see-saw-seen”等。
3. 被动语态的时态形式
（1）一般现在时形式：am/are/is +过去分词：
The room is aired regularly. 这个房间定期通风。
The knives are sharpened regularly. 刀定期磨。
The flowers in the garden are watered regularly. 花园里的花被定期浇水。
My hair is cut every month. 我的头发每个月都会剪一次。
（2）一般过去时形式：was/were +过去分词：
Her son was taken to school. 她的儿子被送去学校了。
The car was repaired last week. 上周那辆车被修好了。
Tom was invited to Jerry's birthday party yesterday. 昨天汤姆被邀请参加了杰瑞的生日聚会。
4.被动语态主要用于以下几种情况：
1).不知道动作的执行者是谁。
The window was broken last night.窗户昨晚被打破了。
My phone was stolen on the bus.我的手机在公交车上被偷了。
The cake was eaten by someone. 蛋糕被某人吃掉了。
2). 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
The room is cleaned every day.房间每天都被打扫。
The flowers are watered every morning.花每天早上都被浇水。
3).需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
The book is often borrowed from the library by students.这本书经常被学生们从图书馆借走。
The homework was done by me before dinner. 我的作业在晚饭前就做完了。

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