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新概念英语1：Lesson 143-144重要笔记
1. surround [s 'ra nd] v. 包围
be surrounded by 被…包围
The famous singer was surrounded by the crowd. 这位著名的歌手被人群包围了。
The house was surrounded by green trees and beautiful flowers. 房子被绿叶和美丽的花朵环绕着。
2. wood [w d] 树林; 木材；木头
forest n. 森林 in the woods 在林中
Have you ever lost your way in the woods 你曾经在树林里迷过路吗？
3. beauty spot ['bju ti sp t] n. 风景点
beauty n. 美人；美丽；美的东西 spot 地点，场所
We decided to go to that famous beauty spot. 我们决定去那个有名的风景点。
4. hundred ['h ndr d] 百
There are about eight hundred people in our village. 我们村里有大约八百人。
There are hundreds of students on the playground. 操场上有成百上千的学生。
5. city ['s ti] 城市
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。
th
6. through [θru ] prep. 穿过
He is looking through the window. 他正从窗子往里看。
The train is going through the tunnel. 火车正在穿过隧道。
拓展：across 横穿
It is very dangerous to walk across the road. 横穿马路是很危险的。
7. visitor ['v z t ] n.参观者，游客，来访者
The visitors who got on the train last night arrived in Beijing. 昨晚上火车的游客们到达了北京。
8. tidy ['ta di] adj.整齐的,整洁的 v. 整理；使整洁
She keeps her house very tidy. 她保持她的住所整整齐齐。
I need to tidy my closet， it's a mess. 我需要整理一下我的衣柜，它太乱了。
9. litter ['l t ] n.杂乱的东西；v. 乱扔
Don't litter!
No litter!
10. litter basket 废物框
11.place [ple s] v.放
put v. 放
Put it on the table. 把它放在桌子上。
The flowers were carefully placed in the vase by my mother. 这些花被我妈妈小心地放在了花瓶里。
“place”作为动词，通常带有一种更正式或仔细的放置感，而“put”则更通用。
拓展：place n. 地方
He has travelled to many places in our country. 他已经游览了我国的许多地方。
12. throw [θr ] v.扔，抛
throw-threw [θru ] -thrown [θr n]
Don't throw rubbish here and there. 不要到处扔垃圾。
If the food gets bad, throw it away immediately. 如果食物变质了，马上扔掉。（throw away 扔掉）
13.rubbish ['r b ] n.垃圾
trash n. 垃圾 （美式）
14.count [ka nt] v. 数，点
His little son can count from one to one hundred. 他的小儿子能从一数到十。
count sb. in v. 算入；包括
Count me in. 算我一个。
15.cover ['k v ] v. 覆盖
The ground was covered with snow. 大地被白雪覆盖。
拓展：cover n.封面，盖子
16.piece [pi s] n.碎片
I found a piece of broken glass on the floor.我在地板上发现了一片碎玻璃。
17.tyre ['ta ]n.轮胎
These tyres were bought by my brother.
18. rusty ['r sti]adj. 生锈的
The bike's chain is rusty. 自行车的链条生锈了。
19.among [ 'm ] 在......之间
I live among the mountains. 我住在群山之中。
Among all the books, this is the most interesting one. 在所有的书中，这是最有趣的一本。
Tom is the tallest boy among us. 汤姆是我们当中个子最高的男孩。
词义辨析：between 一般指“在两者之间”，而 among 用于指在三个或三个以上的人或物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物体之中，表示“在....中间”
20. prosecute ['pr s kju t] v. 依法处置
If you steal from the store, you will be prosecuted! 如果你从商店里偷东西，你会被依法处置！
Lesson 143 课文讲解
1. A walk through the woods 林中漫步
2．I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老的小镇上。
which is surrounded by ... 为定语从句，修饰town。从句用的是被动语态，“被......所包围”，如果将从句独立为一个句子，则为：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
3. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. 每逢星期天，有许许多多的人从城里来参观我们的小镇，并在树林中散步。
on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某个星期天。
on Sunday 在周日
on Sundays 每逢周日
hundreds of people 数以百计的（游）人
to see our town and to walk through the woods 为不定式短语作目的状语。
这里用 and 连接的两个动词不定式。介词through，“穿过”，强调纵深向，如：walk through the forest 穿过森林：而across 强调横向，如：walk across the street 横穿街道
4. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. 游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。
have been done: ”已经被 “， 是现在完成时的被动语态。
5. What I saw made me very sad．我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
句中的主语 What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句（主语从句）。
What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。
What you do makes me happy. 你所做的使我愉快。
What he studied made him very intelligent. 他所学的使他变得非常聪明。
6. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
be covered with ... 被...... 覆盖
The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布满了灰尘。
The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。
cigarette ends 烟头
7. I found a sign which said... 我发现了一块牌子，上面写着...
8. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！凡在此树林里丢垃圾者，将依法处置。
这句话中，who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone 。will be prosecuted 为将来时的被动语态。
Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 该晚会来者不拒。
Anyone who works hard will succeed. 努力工作的任何人都会成功。
Lesson 143-144 语法讲解
被动语态-现在完成时形式和一般将来时形式
上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：
（1）现在完成时形式： have/has + been + 过去分词：
The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。
The book has been read by many students. 这本书已经被很多学生读过了。
The cake has been eaten by my little brother. 我弟弟已经把蛋糕吃掉了。
They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。
The room has already been cleaned. 房间已经被打扫干净了。
（2）一般将来时形式：will/shall +be +过去分词：
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就会磨的。
The flowers will be watered tomorrow. 明天花儿们会被浇水。
The room will be painted blue next month. 下个月房间会被漆成蓝色。
The car will be washed next Monday. 下周一汽车会被清洗。

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