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新概念英语第二册重要笔记：Lesson 3
一. 单词讲解
1. send [send] v. 寄， 送
I will send a letter to my friend in Australia. 我会给我在澳大利亚的朋友寄一封信。
She sent her brother a birthday gift last week. 上周她给她的弟弟送了一份生日礼物。
send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.
2. postcard ['p stkɑ d] n. 明信片
Don't forget to write a postcard to your parents. 别忘了给你的父母写一张明信片。
I received a beautiful postcard from my cousin. 我收到了表哥寄来的一张美丽的明信片。
3. spoil [sp l] v. 使索然无味，损坏; 宠坏；溺爱
The child was spoilt by his grandfather.这个孩子被他的爷爷给惯坏了。
The movie was spoiled because my friend told me the ending. 我的朋友告诉我电影的结局，电影不好看了。
Parents should be strict with teenagers instead of spoiling them. 父母应该对青少年严格要求，而不是溺爱他们。
4. museum [mju'zi m] n. 博物馆
She loves to spend her weekends in the museum. 她喜欢在博物馆度过周末。
5. public ['p bl k] adj. 公共的
The public swimming pool is open during the summer. 公共游泳池在夏天开放。
She borrowed the book from the public library last week.
反义词：private adj. 私人的
6. friendly ['frendli] adj. 友好的
be friendly to 对 ...... 友好的
Everyone in my class is very friendly to me. 班上的每个人都对我很友好。
7. waiter ['we t ] n. 服务员，招待员
The waiter smiled at us when we entered the restaurant. 我们进餐厅时，服务员对我们微笑。
拓展：waitress ['we tr s] n. 女侍者；女服务员
8. lend [lend] 借给
My friend lent me some money when I was in trouble. 当我遇到麻烦时，我的朋友借给了我一些钱。
She lent her bike to her brother yesterday. 她昨天把自行车借给了她的弟弟。
反义词：borrow 借进
lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb.
borrow sth. from sb.
9. decision [d 's n] n. 决定
make a decision 作出决定
We need to make a decision quickly because the store is about to close. 我们需要快点做决定，因为商店快要关门了。
词性转换：decision n. 决定 decide v. 决定
10. whole [h l] adj. 整个的
We need to clean the whole room. 我们需要打扫整个房间。
She played games the whole day and didn't do her homework. 她整天都在玩游戏，没有做作业。
11. single ['s ɡl] adj. 单一的；单个的；单身的；单人的
I'd like a single room, please. 请给我定一个单人间。
He stayed single all his life. 他终生未娶/他终生单身。
二. 课文讲解
1. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是搅得我假日不得安宁。
always为频率副词，注意它位于实义动词spoil之前。
2 .I visited museums and sat in public gardens. 我参观了博物馆，还在公园里小憩。
and连接两个句子，形成并列句，要注意时态一致。
I ate an apple and drank a cup of cola.我吃了个苹果，喝了杯可乐。
public garden公园
private garden私家花园
3. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. 我读了几行，但一个字也读不懂。
line 这里是“ 行” 的意思， 之前还学过“电话线”的意思
The phone line was busy, so I had to call later. 电话线忙，所以我不得不稍后再打。
4. Every day I thought about postcards. 我每天都想着明信片的事。
think about 考虑，思考，想念
The students are thinking about how to improve their grades. 学生们在思考如何提高他们的成绩。
I think about this girl day and night. 我日日夜夜都在想这个女孩。
5. My holidays passes quickly. 假期过得真快。
pass 经过；通过；度过，流逝；传递
Please pass me the salt . 请把盐递给我。
We have to pass the library to get to the science building. 我们必须经过图书馆才能到达科学楼。
Study hard, and you'll pass the exam. 要用功，那么你才会考及格。
As we grow older, time seems to pass even faster. 随着我们年龄的增长，时间似乎过得更快。
6. On the last day, I made a big decision. 在最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。
on the last day 在最后一天
on the first day 在第一天
make a decision 作出决定
7.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语。
a few 几个，修饰可数名词。a little一点点，修饰不可数名词， 原句还可表达为：A friendly waiter taught me a little Italian.
8.Then he lent me a book. 然后，他借给了我一本书。
双宾语应用：lend sb, sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物/把某物借给某人
Then he lent me a book.=Then he lent a book to me.
　　
三. 语法讲解
1. 一般过去时复习
2. 双宾语
在英语中有些动词后面常跟两个宾语即双宾语，这些双宾语动词后面出现两个动作的承受者，一个是人一个是物。其中物为直接宾语，人为间接宾语，这两个宾语叫作双宾语。
She gave me a cup of tea. 她给了我一杯茶。
双宾语动词+sb. +sth. =双宾语动词 + sth.+ to/for +sb.
一般来说：
to: 对谁做 （动作的方向）
for : 为谁做 （动作的目的）
He lent me a book. =He lent a book to me.
He sent me a card.=He sent a card to me.
He passed me the salt.=He passed the salt to me.
She bought me a tie. = She bought a tie for me.
She made me a cake. =She made a cake for me.
常见的双宾语：
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人看
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写某物 （信）
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
read sb. sth. =read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人烹饪某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选择某物

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