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新概念英语第二册重点笔记：Lesson 5
一. 单词讲解
1. pigeon['p d n] n.鸽子
同义词：dove [d v] 鸽子（通常更偏向于和平的象征）
Pigeons are often used for carrying messages. 鸽子常被用来传递信息。
2. message ['mes d ] n.信息
搭配：receive /get a message收到一条信息
send sb. a message 给某人发送一条信息
leave sb. a message 给某人留言
take a message for sb.　 替某人捎口信
Can you take a message for me 你能替我捎个口信吗
She sent me a message on WeChat. 她在微信上给我发了一条信息。
He received a message from his friend. 他收到了朋友的信息。
3. cover. ['k v (r)]
① v. 覆盖；涉及；包含；掩护
Snow covered the ground. 积雪覆盖了大地。
She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。
Do not try to cover a mistake. 不要试图掩盖错误。
② vt. 行过(一段距离)，走过(通常不用被动语态)
cover+距离 “越过……”
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.你可以在十分钟内走完到博物馆的距离。
③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子
The book has a colorful cover that attracts readers. 这本书有一个吸引读者的彩色封面。
Don't judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人。
4. distance ['d st ns] n. 距离
The distance between the two cities is 500 kilometers. 这两座城市之间的距离是500公里。
She ran a distance of 10 kilometers every day. 她每天跑10公里。
词性转换：distance n. 距离→ distantadj. 遥远的
搭配： keep a distance 保持距离
5. request [r 'kwest] n. 请求；要求 vt. 请求；要求
搭配：send a request/ send requests - 发送请求
send a request for sth. - 为某事发送请求
refuse a request - 拒绝请求
request sb.to do sth.=ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
I have just sent a request for a new computer. 我刚刚发送了一台新电脑的请求。
She refused the request to work overtime. 她拒绝了加班的请求。
6. spare part [spe pɑ t] 备件
We need to order some spare parts for the car. 我们需要为汽车订购一些备件。
spare [spe (r)] 1). adj. 备用的；多余的；闲置的
Please stay with us. We have a spare room for you. 请住下吧,我们有给你的备用房间。
2). v. 抽出 spare time 空闲时间
Can you spare me five minutes 你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗？
7. service ['s v s] n. 业务，服务
customer service 顾客服务
The service at this hotel is very good. 这家酒店的服务很好。
词性转换：serve v. 服务, 接待
二. 课文讲解
1. Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.詹姆斯·斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。
1). and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。两个分句都是主谓宾结构。
2). 辨析：other, the other, another, others, the others
① other adj. 其余的，另外的
I have other books to read. 我还有其他书要读。
②. the other ：指“两者中的另一个”，表示特指。常用搭配：one... the other 一个... 另一个
I have two pens, one is red and the other is blue. 我有两支笔，一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。
③. another （三者或三者以上的）另一个
I don't like this one, please show me another.我不喜欢这个，请给我看另一个。
④. others “另外的人或事物”，单独使用
He is friendly to others. 他对其他人很友好。常用搭配：some... others ...一些...另一些...
Some students were playing basketball while others were reading books in the library. 一些学生在打篮球，而另一些学生在图书馆看书。
⑤. the others 特指“其余所有的（人或物）
I don't like this one, and show me the others. 我不喜欢这个，把剩余的都拿来给我看看。
There are 20 students in the class, 10 are girls, the others are boys. 班里有20个学生，10个是女生，其他的是男生。
注意：some... others... some...the others 有些区别 （使用“some... the others...”时，意味着这两部分覆盖了所有可能的情况，没有遗漏。而“some... others...”则不强调这一点，可能还有其他未提及的部分）
2. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.平赫斯特距离锡尔伯里只有五英里，但斯科特先生无法为他的新汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他刚刚买了十二只鸽子。
1). 介词from在这里 作“距……”、“离……”讲，常与away连用
My home is far （away） from school. 我的家离学校很远。
My home is 2 miles away from school. 我的家离学校2英里。
2). How far... 多远(对距离提问)
How far(away) is the bus stop
How far is your home (from here)
My home is ten miles away from here.
3). get a telephone 得到电话, 安装电话
get得到，取得，弄到
Can you get a pair for me 您能帮我找一双吗？（新1 L75)
Can you get me a glass of water, please 请你给我倒一杯水，可以吗？
He always manages to get what he wants.他总是能够得到他想要的东西。
I got a new job last week. 我上周得到了一份新工作。
3. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
1). bring, take, carry 辨析
① . bring 带来
Bring your homework to school tomorrow.明天把你的作业带到学校来。
② .take 带走
I always take my phone with me when I leave the house. 我离开家时总是带着我的手机。
③. carry 携带，只强调负重，没有方向性
The bag is too heavy to carry. 这个包太重了，搬不动。
2). from…to…从...到...
The movie was shown from 3 PM to 5 PM. 电影从下午3点放映到5点。
We traveled from New York to Los Angeles by car. 我们开车从纽约旅行到了洛杉矶。
4. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。
cover the distance 飞过那段距离
You can cover the distance to the museum in 10 minutes.
5. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。
1). up to now=up till now 到目前为止，到现在为止 (多用在现在完成时，相当于until/till now)
Up to now, she has read over 100 books this year. 到目前为止，她今年已经读了100多本书。
2). request for 对……的需求
send a request for sth. 发送对某物的需求
I have just sent a request for a new computer .
3). a great many(+可数名词复数) 许多……=many
　a great many +可数名词复数 = a great number of + 可数名词复数
A great number of students attended the concert. 许多学生参加了音乐会。= A great many students attended the concert.
4). urgent adj. 紧急的
something urgent 紧急的事情
6. In this way, he has begun his own private ' telephone' service. 通过这种方式，他开始了自己的私人”电话“业务。
1). 由way 构成的短语：
① in this way 这样，用这种方式
In this way, we can save a lot of time. 用这种方式，我们可以节省很多时间。
② in the way 妨碍，挡道
The chair is in the way. It's blocking the door. 椅子挡道了，它堵住了门。
③ by the way 顺便说说，顺便问一下
By the way, have you finished your homework 顺便问一下，你做完作业了吗？
④ in a way 在某种程度上
In a way, he is right. 在某种程度上，他是对的。
⑤ on the way ( to) ：在路上，在途中
They are on the way to the airport. 他们在去机场的路上。
I met a friend of mine on my way home.
其他：ask the way：问路 no way：不可能 lose one’s way 迷路，迷失方向
2). own [ n] adj. 自己的
I have my own room. 我有自己的房间。
They have their own ideas. 他们有自己的想法。
三. 语法讲解
1. 现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时 （详细笔记此处省略）
2. 现在完成时用法（详细笔记此处省略）
1). 完成用法（对现在的影响）
2). 未完成用法 （持续到现在）
3. 现在完成时的标志性时间状语总结：
1）. already & yet
already "已经“，常用于肯定句 ；yet：“还”，常用于否定句和疑问句
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。
Have you finished your report yet 你完成你的作业了吗？
2）. just 刚刚
They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚到机场。
3）. ever & never
ever 曾经 never 从不
Have you ever been to the zoo
I have never been to Japan. 我从未去过日本。
4）. before 以前
I have visited the Great Wall before.
5）. for & since
for +时间段 ； since "自从……以来”,后面接时间点
My father has worked in this company for ten years.
They have been good friends since 2018.
They have been good friends since 6 years ago.
They have been good friends since they met each other.
6）. so far 到目前为止
So far, we have finished half of the work, we will finish it next week.
7）. up to now 直到现在
Up to now, he has read most of the works by Mark Twain．
8）. in /during the past few days/weeks/months/years - 在过去的几天/几周/几个月/几年里
In the past few years, there have been great changes in Shanghai.
9）. 其他：recently, these days, till now 等等。

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