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新概念英语第二册重点笔记：Lesson 4
一. 单词讲解
1. exciting [ k'sa t ] adj. 令人兴奋的
It's very exciting to see you here. 在这里看见你真让人兴奋。
exciting news 振奋人心的消息
exciting trip 激动人心的旅行
词性转换：excite (vt. 使兴奋；使激动；刺激)- excited (adj.兴奋的，激动的）
2. receive [r 'si v] v. 接收，收到
receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物
I received a letter from my friend yesterday. 昨天我收到了朋友的一封信。
We received an invitation to the party. 我们收到了派对的邀请。
拓展：accept [ k'sept] v. 接受 （主观上想要）
receive v. 接收 （客观上收到）
你可以收到一个工作邀请（receive an offer），但只有当你同意并决定加入时，你才接受这个工作（accept the offer）。
We gave him a present, but he did not accept it. 我们给他一件礼物,但他不肯接受。
I received an invitation, but I didn't accept it. 我收到了一份邀请，但是我没有接受。
3. firm [f m] n. 商行，公司
They decided to set up their own firm. 他们决定建立自己的公司。
同义词： company
4. different ['d fr nt] adj. 不同的
My brother and I have different hobbies. 我哥哥和我有不一样的爱好。
固定搭配：be different from 与......不同
be the same as 与...相同
The new model of the phone is different from the old one in many ways. 这款手机的新型号在很多方面和旧型号不同。
His homework is different from yours. His is more difficult.他的作业和你的不一样。他的更难。
My eating habits are not the same as yours. 我的饮食习惯和你的不同。
5. centre ['sent (r)] n. 中心 =center<美>
business centre 商业中心
the city centre 市中心
in the centre of 在...的中心
The library is in the centre of the city. 图书馆位于市中心。
He likes being the centre of attention. 他喜欢成为大家注意的中心。
We will meet at the shopping centre.我们将在购物中心见面。
He is the centre of the basketball team. 他是篮球队的核心。
词性转换：central adj. 在中心的，中央的
6. abroad[ 'br d] adv. 在国外
go to abroad ×
live in abroad ×
She wants to study abroad next year. 她明年想出国学习。
近义词：overseas adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外
二. 课文讲解
1. He has been there for six months. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了.
have been in +地点 "在某地待了多久",表示状态.
How long have you been in Beijing 你在北京待了多久了？
Tom has been in Shanghai for three days. 汤姆来上海已经有三天了.
They have been in Shanghai for five years. 他们到上海有五年.
I have been here for 15 minutes. 我已经来这儿15分钟了.
2. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. 他正在为一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了.
1). work for 在.....上班/任职,为....工作
People will support you or work for you. 人们将会拥戴你，或者愿为你效力。
She works for a tech company in Silicon Valley. 她在硅谷的一家科技公司工作。
He works for a big company. 你还会看到以下表达:
He works at a big company. 或者 He works in a big company.
2). a number of +可数名词复数
number 前可加great, large, good, small 等形容词,数量大小也随之改变.
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. 你的家庭作业里有少数几个拼写错误。
a great number of /a large number of /a number of 许多，大量（后接可数名词复数形式）
We have a large number of choices for dinner. 我们有很多晚餐的选择。
A large number of trees were planted in the park. 公园里种植了大量树木。
a great deal of 许多的；大量的（后接不可数名词）
There is a great deal of sugar in this cake. 这个蛋糕里有很多糖。
3. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。
have gone to 去了某地没回来
have been to 曾经去过某地,现在不在那个地方
in the centre of ... 在......中部/中心
4. From there, he will fly to Perth. 从那里，他再飞往珀斯。
fly to Perth = go to Perth by air
5. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词)，说明宾语的状况、性质等：
I find the film very interesting. 我觉得这电影很有趣。
She found Tom's room very dirty. 她发现汤姆的房间非常脏。
I found her very beautiful on the stage last night. 昨天晚上我发现她在舞台上非常漂亮。
三. 语法讲解
现在完成时
1. 构成：have/has + done (过去分词）
2. 用法
1). 完成用法（对现在的影响）
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。通常和副词already, yet, so far, never, ever, just 等连用。
I have already finished my homework.
Have you found your keys yet
-Do you want to have dinner with us
-I have just had lunch. (潜台词：I'm full now)
2). 未完成用法 （持续到现在）
现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从过去开始，并且持续到现在。通常和 since，for, in the past/last few years 等连用。
We have lived in Hefei for ten years. 我们在合肥住了十年。
We have lived in Hefei since 2014. 我们从2014年起住在合肥。
Tom has made great progress since he started junior high school.
自从汤姆上初中以来，他取得了很大的进步。
3. 现在完成时的标志性时间状语
1). already & yet
already "已经“，常用于肯定句
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
yet：“还”，常用于否定句和疑问句
I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。
Have you finished your report yet 你完成你的作业了吗？
2). just 刚刚
They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚到机场。
3). ever & never
ever 曾经
Have you ever been to the zoo
never 从不
I have never been to Japan. 我从未去过日本。
4) . before 以前
I have visited the Great Wall before.
5) . for & since
for +时间段
My father has worked in this company for ten years.
since "自从……以来”, 后面接时间点
They have been good friends since 2018.
They have been good friends since 6 years ago.
They have been good friends since they met each other.
6) . so far 到目前为止
So far, we have finished half of the work, we will finish it next week.
7). up to now 直到现在
Up to now, he has read most of the works by Mark Twain．
8) . in /during the past few days/weeks/months/years - 在过去的几天/几周/几个月/几年里
In the past few years, there have been great changes in Shanghai.
4. 拓展: 过去式与过去分词的区别
过去式 did: 一般过去时
过去分词done: 1). 完成时态(现在完成时,过去完成时...)
2).被动语态 3). 非谓语动词

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