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人教社2019年版高中英语新教材必修Book 2
Unit 3 The Internet
单元语篇教学设计
Period 4
Teaching and learning contents: Discovering Useful Structures
Comprehensive teaching and learning objectives:
By the end of this period, the students will have been able to:
1) Learn about the structure and usages of the present perfect passive voice;
2) Use the present perfect passive voice to describe something that has been done.
Teaching and learning important points:
The usages of the present perfect passive voice.
Teaching and learning difficult points:
Using the present perfect passive voice to describe something that has been done.
Teaching and learning procedure:
Step 1 Review
Activity 1 Review
Review some of the key language items learned in the previous period.
Step 2 Discovering useful structures
Activity 2 Discovering and analysing the sentence structures
1. Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms.
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2. Observe, analyze and conclude: How do we form the present perfect passive voice
Active voice: have/has done
Passive voice: have/has been done
3. Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice, and then check the answers.
Example: They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions.
→ A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.
1) I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
→ The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
2) Someone has lost an identity card.
→ An identity card has been lost.
3) Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password
→ Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
4) Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
→ Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
5) Has anyone made a comment about the online database
→ Has a/any comment been made about the online database
4. Discuss and find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.
As we can see in the pairs of sentences, the object in an active sentence becomes the subject in a passive sentence. Both sentence types convey a similar meaning, but they are slightly different. For example, in an active sentence, the subject is doing an action to an object, while in a passive sentence, the subject is having something done to it, and the doer of that action is not necessarily mentioned. Active sentences are used often as they are more direct. Passive sentences are often used when the doer of an action is unknown, not important, or preferred not named.
5. Learn about few new words in the exercise.
New words:
1) function n.功能；作用；职能；机能；函数；因变量 v. 起作用；正常工作；运转；发挥功能
e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.
心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。
Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.
尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。
2) battery n. 电池
3) confirm vt. 确认；使确信；证实；证明；批准
confirm＋sth./that从句/wh-从句 (尤指通过提供更多证据)证实/确认……
It has been confirmed that... 已证实/确认……
e.g. I’d appreciate it if you could confirm your coming at your earliest convenience.
如果你能在方便时尽早确认你能来，我将不胜感激。
Please write to confirm your reservation. 预订后请来函确认。
Can you confirm what happened 你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？
They worked out an effective method, which was confirmed by the leadership.
他们想出了一种有效的方法，并得到了领导层的确认。
It has been confirmed that some foreign teachers will stage singing，dancing and drama performances then. 据证实，一些外籍教师届时将进行歌唱、舞蹈和戏剧表演。
4) press vt. 按，压；敦促；逼迫 n.按；压；印刷；新闻界
pressure n.压力
press sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
under pressure 在压力下
e.g. The doctor gently pressed his stomach. ( vt. 按，压)
They are pressing us to make a quick decision. ( vt. 敦促)
Members of the press were not allowed into the meeting. ( n.新闻界)
Nowadays many young people are under great pressure and often stay up.
如今很多年轻人压力很大，经常熬夜。
As far as I’m concerned，running is not only a good way to build up our body, but also can help us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.
就我而言，跑步不仅是强身健体的好方法而且有助于我们放松，缓解学习压力。
5) button n. 按钮；纽扣
6) file n.文件；文件夹；档案
Step 3 Learning more about the present perfect passive voice
Activity 3 Learning more about the present perfect passive voice
I现在完成时由have/has + done构成，表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响; 表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。现在完成时的被动语态由have/has been+ done构成，表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做，这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义。
II现在完成时的被动语态的4种形式
形式 结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done
一般疑问式 Have/Has (not)＋主语＋been done？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has (not)＋主语＋been done？
e.g. In our school，the mind map has been applied to learning English since it was created by Bob.(肯定式)
在我们学校，自从思维导图被鲍勃发明以来，它已经被应用于英语学习。
When and where to build the new first aid centre hasn’t been decided yet.(否定式)
何时何地建造新的急救中心还没有决定。
Has the repair work of the building been finished yet？(一般疑问式)
大楼的维修工作完成了吗？
How long has the machine been repaired？(特殊疑问式)
这些机器已被修好多长时间了？III现在进行时的被动语态的用法
III现在完成时的被动语态的3个用法
1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till/to now，since等连用。
e.g. The database has already been updated.
数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
e.g. The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作
e.g. You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
IV使用现在完成时的被动语态的6点注意
1. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
e.g. The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public. 这个公园已向公众开放。
(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了)
2. 非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
e.g. The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作于两周前被完成。
The work has been finished. 这项工作已经被完成。
3. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
e.g. It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。
4. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
e.g. We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。
5. 带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保留不动。也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语保留，保留宾语前加上介词to或for。用to还是for，需根据动词的搭配来确定。
e.g. We have given him a lot of cash.
→He has been given a lot of cash.
→A lot of cash has been given to him.
我们给了他很多现金。
6. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
e.g. I have told them to take their identity cards.
→They have been told to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。
I have never heard Jenny say anything against her.
→Jenny has never been heard to say anything against her. 我从来没有听到珍妮说她的坏话。
Step 4 Using the structures
Activity 4 Using the structures
1. Read and underline the use of the present perfect passive voice in the following poem. And then put them into two categories: things that have been done well and things that have been done badly.
Things that have been done well: the way the flowers have been planted/the way the grass has been cut/the way the paths have been swept
Things that have been done badly: the way your face has been washed/ the way your teeth have been brushed/the way your shoes have been cleaned
2. Encourage the students to think of their own situation and write a similar one by following the examples.
One more example:
Look at the way
Look at the way the picture has been painted
Listen to the way the song has been written
Look at the way the film has been made
Now think about what you could create.
Look at the way the needy have been helped
Look at the way the river has been cleaned
Look at the way the trees have been planted
Now think how to make the world a better place.
Activity 5 Consolidation
Do more grammar exercises in RB to consolidate the usages of the present continuous passive voice.
Step 5 Summary and evaluation
Activity 6 Summary
(The teacher) Summarize the main contents of this period briefly, focusing on how to the present perfect passive voice to describe something that has been done.
Activity 7 Self-evaluation
Guide the students to reflect on their learning of this period by considering the following aspects.
1. How is your mastery of the present perfect passive voice
(Good/Fairly good/Moderate/Just so so/Poor)
2. What are your problems with the present perfect passive voice
3. How will you deal with these problems do after class
Homework：
1. Complete the exercises in RB.
2. Complete and polish the poem after class.

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