资源简介

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
教学设计
【教材分析】
This teaching mainly involves the grammar of "restrictive relative clauses". Firstly, teachers should guide students to review the relative pronouns and adverbs they have learned. Then, teachers continue to emphasize more special situations related to this grammar, such as "preposition+relative pronoun which and who" and situations where we can omit relative pronouns. This period is of great significance for cultivating students' writing ability and laying a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. Teachers should help students thoroughly master this period and consolidate their knowledge through doing some exercises.
【教学目标与核心素养】
1. Guide students to review the basic usage of relative pronouns and adverbs in relative clauses.
2. Guide students to flexibly use some special cases of restrictive relative clauses.
3. Enable students to flexibly use basic phrase structures.
4. Enhance students' interest in grammar learning.
【教学重难点】
1. Help students understand the role of relative pronouns and adverbs in relative clauses in sentences.
2. Guide students to use appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs in relative clauses to write papers.
【教学过程】
What is the role of relative clauses in compound sentences What are the relational words
The role of an attributive clause in a compound sentence is equivalent to an adjective, which acts as an attributive modifier to modify a noun or pronoun in the sentence. They play a connecting role between the antecedent and the relative clause, while representing the antecedent in meaning and serving as a component in the relative clause. The word modified by an attributive clause is called a antecedent, and the attributive clause is generally placed after the antecedent.
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who，whom，whose，that， which和as，关系副词有when，where和 why。
Step 1: Consolidate and review the basic usage of restrictive relative clauses.
一、 Usage of relative pronouns in relative clauses:
1.The selection of relative pronouns in relative clauses is mainly determined by the antecedent.
2.When the antecedent is a noun or pronoun representing a person, the relative pronoun is generally used as' who '; that; whom; that；
3.When the antecedent is a noun or pronoun representing something, which is generally used as a relative pronoun; that; whose; as；
4.When the antecedent has both a noun or pronoun representing things and a noun or pronoun representing people, the relative pronoun is generally used as' that '
5.When used as a relative pronoun, 'who' means' things (including animals) ', and when guiding an attributive clause, its antecedent can refer to a noun of a person or actually a noun of an object.
二、The usage of relative adverbs:
If the antecedent refers to a "noun of time" and is reduced to an attributive clause as a time adverb, then use the relative adverb "when"; If the antecedent refers to a 'noun of place' and is reduced to an adverbial of place in an attributive clause, then the relative adverb 'where' is used; If the antecedent refers to the noun 'reason' and is used as a causal adverb in an attributive clause, then the relative adverb 'why' should be used.
Step 2: Several special cases of restrictive relative clauses.
一、 The usage of relative clauses with intermediate words and relative pronouns.
When a relative pronoun serves as the object of a preposition in an attributive clause, we usually use "preposition+relative pronoun" to guide the attributive clause. Relative pronouns can only be used as' which 'or' who '. When the antecedent refers to an object, use which; When the antecedent refers to a person, use 'who'. The principle for determining prepositions in this structure is:
Determine based on a certain habitual collocation required for verbs or adjectives in relative clauses.
He is the man on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。
It depends on the specific meaning of the combination with the antecedent.
I’ll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。
Determine based on the expressed meaning.
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞, 透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。
When expressing "all" relationships or "a part of a whole", the preposition of is usually used.
In relative clauses, there are some verb phrases containing prepositions that cannot be separated and used separately, such as look after, look for, etc.
二、In relative clauses, there are some verb phrases containing prepositions that cannot be separated and used separately, such as look after, look for, etc.
1．“代词+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。
In this structure, pronouns are often all, each, one, many, much, most, some, none, both, etc. The pronoun "+of+which/hom" is usually used as the subject in relative clauses to indicate a part of the whole. Sometimes' of+which/hom 'can also be placed before pronouns.
It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.据报道, 在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中, 将于明年投入使用。
“数词+of + which /whom”引导定语从句
This structure is often used to guide non restrictive relative clauses, and sometimes "of+which/hom" can be placed before numerals.
“the+名词+ of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
In this structure, 'of which/hom' serves as an attributive, modifying the preceding noun, and the entire structure is equivalent to an attributive clause guided by 'who+noun'.
“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。
There are several situations in which relative words can be omitted in restrictive relative clauses.
When the antecedent of an attributive clause is used as the object in an attributive clause, the relative word is usually omitted.
When the antecedent words are way, reason, time, place, etc. and they are used as adverbial modifiers for way, reason, time, and place in the relative clause, the corresponding relative words such as that/in which, why/that, when, where, etc. in the relative clause can be omitted.
3.When connecting two or more relative clauses to modify the same antecedent with conjunctions such as' and ',' but ',' or ', the first relative word can be omitted, but the second and third ones generally cannot be omitted.

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