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新概念英语1：Lesson 31 和 32 笔记
Lesson 31-32 单词讲解
garden['ɡɑ dn] n.花园
The hotel has a beautiful garden. (这家酒店有一个美丽的花园。)
派生：gardener n. 园丁 gardening n. 园艺
under [' nd ] prep. 在......之下
The book is under the table. (书在桌子下面。)
注意：在太阳下不能用 under the sun, 要说 in the sun.
tree [tri ] n. 树
I love to sit under the tree and read a book. (我喜欢坐在树下读书。)
under the tree 树下
a family tree家谱
climb [kla m] v. 攀登；爬
He is climbing the mountain. (他正在攀登这座山。)
She likes to climb trees. (她喜欢爬树。)
climb the mountain 爬山
climb the tree 爬树
派生：climber 登山者 climbing n. 攀岩运动；登山运动
who [hu ] pron. 谁
Who is that man over there (那边那个人是谁？)
run [r n] v. 跑
They are running in the park. (他们正在公园里跑步。)
The dog is running after the ball. (狗在追球。)
派生：runner 奔跑者，跑步运动员
run after 追逐，追赶
grass [ɡrɑ s] n. 草；草地
The cow is eating the grass. (牛在吃草。)
派生：grassland 草地
after ['ɑ ft ] prep. 在 ... 之后
After you ! 您先请！
The children are playing outside after school. (孩子们放学后在外面玩。)
after school 放学后 after work 下班后 after dinner 晚饭后
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
across [ 'kr s] prep. 横过；穿过
I always walk across the park on my way to work. (我上班的路上总是穿过公园。)
注意：这里的across是介词，不能单独作谓语，必须跟动词一起搭配使用。
go across the street
walk across the street
run across the street
cat [k t] n. 猫
The cat is sleeping on the sofa. (猫在沙发上睡觉。)
type [ta p] v. 打字
I'm typing an email to my boss. (我正在给我的老板写邮件。)
She is typing a letter. 她正在打一封信。
letter ['let ] n. 信；字母
love letter n. 情书
write a letter 写信
basket ['bɑ sk t] n. 篮；篓；筐
The fruit is in the basket on the table. (水果在桌子上的篮子里。)
She is emptying a basket. 她正在清空一个篮子。
a basket of oranges一篮橘子
basketball 篮球
eat [i t] v. 吃
I eat an apple a day. 我每天吃一个苹果。
eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/午餐/晚餐
bone [b n] n. 骨头
The dog is eating a bone. 这只狗正在吃一根骨头。
lazybones n. (单复同)懒骨头;懒人
clean [kli n]
1).adj. 干净的
The kitchen is clean. 厨房很干净。
2).v. 清洗
Yang Yi is cleaning his teeth. 杨逸正在清洁牙齿。
派生：cleaner 清洁工
unclean 不洁净的
tooth [tu θ] n. 牙齿
（复）teeth
foot的复数是 feet
I brush my teeth twice a day. (我每天刷牙两次。)
派生：toothbrush 牙刷 toothpaste 牙膏
cook [k k]
1). n. 厨师；炊事员
She is a great cook. (她是一位出色的厨师。)
The cook is making a cake. (厨师正在做蛋糕。)
2).v. 做（饭菜）
Xu Xinyu's mother is cooking in the kitchen.
徐欣钰的妈妈正在厨房里做饭。
派生：cooker 炉子，炊具
milk [m lk]
1). n.牛奶
milkman 送奶工
You should drink milk. 你应该喝牛奶。
2).V. 挤奶
They usually milk the cows at 5 pm. (他们通常在下午五点挤牛奶。)
meal [mi l] n. 饭，一顿饭
cook a meal 做饭
Emma is cooking a meal.
艾玛正在做饭。
We eat three meals a day. 我们一天吃三餐。
drink [dr k] v. 喝；饮
He is drinking a cup of coffee. (他正在喝一杯咖啡。)
She likes to drink tea in the morning. (她喜欢在早上喝茶。)
What would you like to drink 你想喝点什么？
drink tea/coffee/water
派生：drinker 酗酒者
tap [t p]
turn on/off the tap打开/关上水龙头
The girl is turning off the tap. 那个女孩正在关闭水龙头。
Lesson 31 课文讲解
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视频详情
1. What's she doing 她在干什么？
What are you doing 你在做什么？
2. She's sitting under the tree.
He's climbing the tree.
It's running across the grass.
It's running after a cat.
在英文中表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，要用动词的现在进行时。现在进行时由be的现在时加上现在分词组成。
3. I beg your pardon 你说什么？
beg v. 恳求；乞讨 pardon ['pɑ dn] n. 原谅
I beg your pardon 这句实际在真正的生活中很少用，太正式太客气了, 认识就可以了。
Pardon Excuse me Sorry Say it again.
4. What about the dog 那么狗呢？
这句话的意思是What is the dog doing in the garden 为了避免重复原句中的主语和谓语动词，可以用What about 这个结构。
What about ... 表示询问，征求意见
I am an engineer. What about you 我是一名工程师。你呢？
I like winter. What about you 我喜欢冬天。你呢？
What about this dress 这条裙子怎么样？
What about his English 他的英语怎么样？
What about singing a song 唱一首歌怎么样？
5. It's running across the grass. 它正在跑着穿过那片草地。
It is going/walking/running across the grass.
Lesson 31 语法讲解
1. 现在进行时
1). 现在进行时，用来描述正在发生的动作，即说话时正在进行的动作。
2). 构成：主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing。
I am reading a book.（我正在看书。）
You are listening to music.（你正在听音乐。）
He is playing basketball.（他正在打篮球。）
She is cooking dinner.（她正在做晚饭。）
They are studying for the exam.（他们正在为考试学习。）
3). 现在进行时的疑问句和否定句。
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 -ing
否定句：主语 + am not/isn't/aren't + 动词 -ing。
He is reading a magazine.
Is he reading a magazine
He is not reading a magazine.
2. 现在分词（ 动词+ing）的变化规则：
1). 一般情况下: 直接在动词后面加 ing。
do-doing climb-climbing walk-walking sleep-sleeping
see-seeing clean-cleaning open-opening watch-watching
2). 以不发音的e 结尾，去e加 ing
take-taking make-making dance-dancing come-coming
ride-riding write-writing move-moving give-giving
3). 重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写最后一个字母，再加 ing
通俗理解方法：辅+元+辅 （汉堡包结构）
双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing, 除 opening
sit-sitting swim-swimming run-running
put-putting cut-cutting get-getting
shop-shopping
4). 以ie 结尾的动词，把ie 变成y, 再加 ing （这条规则可以暂时不记，初中再记）
lie-lying
tie-tying
die-dying
3. 对画线部分提问
He is swimming in the river.
→Who is swimming in the river.
He is swimming in the river.
→Where is he swimming
He is swimming in the river.
→What is he doing

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