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人教版六下英语学习笔记Unit 4：Then and now
Unit 4单词讲解
dining hall 饭厅
We eat lunch in the dining hall every day. 我们每天在饭厅吃午餐。
dining hall =dining room
拓展：dining table餐桌
grass [ɡrɑ s]草坪
We can play football on the grass. 我们可以在草坪上踢足球。
gym [d m] 体育馆;健身房
in the gym 在体育馆/健身房
We often take exercise in the gym. 我们经常在体育馆里锻炼。
ago [ 'ɡ ] 以前
反义词：later 后来
I lost my toy car, but three days later, I found it under the bed.
我弄丢了我的玩具车，但三天后，我在床下找到了它。
ago通常用在一般过去时中，放在“一段时间”之后，表示过去的时间，不能单独使用。如：two months/three days/five years ago
I went to the zoo with my family a few days ago. 几天前我和家人去了动物园。
cycling ['sa kl ]骑自行车运动（或活动）
go cycling 去骑自行车
My friends and I often go cycling in the countryside. 我和朋友们经常去乡下骑自行车。
ice-skate 滑冰
I like to ice-skate in winter. 我喜欢在冬天滑冰。
badminton ['b dm nt n] 羽毛球运动
I like playing badminton with my friends after school. 放学后我喜欢和朋友们打羽毛球。
star [stɑ (r)]星
I can see many stars. 我能看见许多星星。
easy ['i zi] 容易的
It's easy for me to ride a bike. 对我来说骑自行车很容易。
It's easy for him to draw pictures. 对他来说画画很容易。
look up (在词典中或通过电脑）查阅
You can look up the information on the Internet. 你能在互联网上查阅信息。
I can look up the new words in the dictionary.我可以在字典里查阅新单词。
If you don't know a new word, you can look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不认识新单词，你可以在字典里查阅它。
注意：look it up in the dictionary 在字典里查阅它
look up 是“动+副”型短语，名词作其宾语时，可以放up之后，也可以放look 与 up之间，代词作其宾语时，只能放在look与up 之间。
Internet [' nt net]互联网
on the Internet 在互联网上
different ['d fr nt]不同的
反义词: the same 同样的；相同的
We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。
They look the same but they are very different. 它们看起来一样，但却大相径庭。
active [' kt v]积极的，活跃的
Ms. Brown is active in the party. 布朗女士在晚会上很活跃。
race [re s]赛跑
My brother is faster than me in the race. 赛跑时我哥哥比我快。
nothing ['n θ ] 没有什么
巧记：no (不）+thing (事物）=nothing (没有什么）
There is nothing in the box. 箱子里什么也没有。
thought [θ t] ( think的过去式）想
"I must be crazy, " he thought. “我准是疯了。”他想。
felt [felt] (feel 的过去式）感觉
形近：fell (fall的过去式）落下
She felt sad because she lost her toy. 她感觉很伤心，因为她弄丢了玩具。
cheetah ['t i t ] 猎豹
A cheetah runs very fast. 猎豹跑得非常快。
trip [tr p] 绊倒
trip还可以作名词，"旅行“
He tripped and fell. 他绊了一下摔倒了。
woke [w k] （wake 的过去式）醒
wake up v. 醒来；叫醒
I woke up at seven o'clock this morning. 我今天早上七点醒的。
dream [dri m] 梦
短语：have a good dream 做一个好梦
Tom had a good dream last night. Tom 昨晚做了一个好梦。
Unit 4 课文讲解
1. I couldn't run fast or play basketball well. 我跑不快，也打不好篮球。
couldn't是 can 的过去式。
I couldn't swim when I was five. 我五岁的时候不会游泳。
句子中的"run fast"和"play basketball well"是并列结构，用or连接，表示两种能力都不足。
I don’t have a car or a bike. 我没有汽车也没有自行车。
well为副词， 修饰动词
2. We didn't have a library, and there weren't any computer rooms at all. 我们没有图书馆，也根本没有电脑室。
at all 完全； 根本
I don't like this game at all. 我一点也不喜欢这个游戏。
3. There was no gym either! 也没有健身房！
If you do not go, I shall not go either. 你不去，我也不去。
4. There was no library in my old school. 我以前的学校没有图书馆。
There were no computers or Internet in my time. 在我那个时代，没有电脑也没有互联网。
句型：
There was no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。
There was no bridge over the river 3 years ago. 3年前河上没有桥。
There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书。
There were no computers here before. 这里以前没有电脑。
There are lots of computers here now. 这里现在有许多台电脑。
There was no gym in my school twenty years ago.
5. Tell us about your school, please. 请给我们讲讲你的学校吧。
about为介词，”关于“
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
tell sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
The teacher tells us to listen carefully in class. 老师要求我们上课时要认真听讲。
My mother tells me to do homework every day.
Can you tell me about your family 你能告诉我关于你的家庭吗？
She told her friend about the new movie. 她告诉她的朋友关于那部新电影。
6. Could you see stars at night
at night 在晚上
7. One day I 'm going to visit the moon.
one day 有一天
One day, I want to be a teacher. 有一天，我想成为一名老师。
8.The Americans took about five days to get there in 1969. 在1969年，美国人花费了大约五天时间到达那里。
这里的 take 意为“需要......时间，费时”
有一个常见的句型： It +takes sb. + 一段时间+ to do sth.
It takes me half an hour to finish my homework every day. 我每天需要半个小时来完成我的家庭作业。
It takes him ten minutes to walk to school. 他走路上学需要十分钟。
It took me two hours to finish my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了两个小时才完成我的家庭作业。
9. I looked it up on the Internet.
学过的look 构成的短语：
look up (在词典中或通过电脑）查阅
look at 看，瞧
look after 照顾，照料
look for 寻找
习题：（ ）-What are you looking ______
-My English dictionary. I need to look ____ a new word in it.
A. for; into B. for ; up C. up; at 答案：B
10. We are all different now. 我们现在都各不相同了。
11. Before, I was quiet. Now, I am very active in class. How about you
1). 用before... now... 仿写句子（描述某人行为，能力的今昔变化）
Before, I was very fat. Now, I am very thin.
Before, he didn't go to school by bike. He went to school by bus. Now, he goes to school by bike.
Before, she liked red. Now, she doesn't like it. She likes white.
Before, I couldn't swim. Now, I can swim well.
Before, my grandfather could run fast. Now, he can't run fast. He is old.
2). how about =what about
“how about”和“what about”在英语中都是用来询问对方对某件事或某个建议的看法或意见。就像你在问朋友：“你觉得这个怎么样？”或者“那个怎么样呢？”
你看这本书怎么样？What about this book （这本书怎么样呢？）
放学后我们踢足球如何？What about playing football after school （放学后踢足球怎么样呢？）
12. That’s good exercise.
exercise作“锻炼”讲为 不可数名词，所以good exercise 前面不能加a
do morning exercises 做早操
13. What a dream ! 多么有趣的一个梦啊！
what 引导的感叹句主要是强调名词，即“什么”。例如：
What a beautiful flower (it is)! 它是一朵多么美丽的花啊!
how 引导的感叹句中，how 修饰的是形容词或副词，即“怎么样”
How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！
How happy we are! 我们多开心啊！
what和 how 引导的感叹句常常可以互换。
What a beautiful skirt (it is )!=How beautiful the skirt is!
What bad weather (it is )! =How bad the weather is!
What cute dogs (they are)!=How cute the dogs are!
14. Wu Yifan had a race with his father and Max.
have a race 进行一场赛跑
15. There was nothing he could do. 他什么都不能做。
这是个含有定语从句的句子。具体用法中学后会讲。
16. There was a second race. “还有第二场比赛。
a second “再一，又一”
I've already eaten one ice cream , but I want to eat a second one. 我已经吃了一个冰淇淋，但我还想再吃一个。
17. Wu Yifan ran like a cheetah. “吴一凡跑得像猎豹一样（快）。
这里 like 为介词
She sings like an angel. （她唱歌像天使一样。）
Unit 4 语法讲解
1. There be 结构的一般将来时
1). There is going to be a football match next week.
否定句：There is not going to be a football match next week.
一般疑问句：Is there going to be a football match next week
肯定回答：Yes, there is.
否定回答：No, there isn't.
2). There will be a football match tomorrow .
否定句： There won't be a football match tomorrow.
一般疑问句：Will there be a football match tomorrow
肯定回答：Yes, there will.
否定回答：No, there won't.
习题：（ ）There will ___ a concert this evening.
A. be B. is C. are
2.一般现在时和一般过去时的对比
一般现在时：1). 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 2). 表示客观的事实或真理 3). 用在格言谚语中
一般过去时：1). 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 2). 表示在过去一段时间里，经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
Tom usually goes to school by bike, but he went to school on foot yesterday.
The sun rises in the east. (客观真理)

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