资源简介

1.表起始的过渡语有to begin with, according to, so far, as far as等。例如：
As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
2.表时间的过渡语有first/firstly,in the mean time, at the same time, for the first time, ever since, while,shortly after, the next moment, nowadays, at present, before long, in thefuture等。例如：
After that I went to No. 8 Middle Schoolof Dalian and graduated this summer.
Firstly, the technology of ... secondly,people’s income has...Thirdly, mobile phones are....
3.表空间的过渡语有on the right/ left, to the right/left of, on one side of... on the other side of ..., at the foot/ top/ end of,in the middle/ center of等。例如：
On the other side, where the playgroundused to be now stands another new building—our library.
4.表因果的过渡语有thanks to, thus, therefore, as a result(of...), with the help of..., owe ...to...等。例如：
The company has a successful year,thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.
As a result, many of us succeeded inpassing the College Entrance Examinations.
5.表转折的过渡语有on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ...for another, on thecontrary, except for, in spite of, otherwise, after all, in fact等。例如：
I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the otherhand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well asclear and vivid pictures.
It is hard work; I enjoy it though.
Contrary to what I had originallythought, the trip turned out to be fun.
6.表例证和列举的过渡语有thatis to say, as a matter of fact, namely, for instance, take...as an example,such as, that is , like, as follows, in other words, and so on等。例如：
As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
There is one more topic to discuss,namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.
A particular example for this is...
7.表并列的过渡语有as wellas, not only...but (also), including等。例如：
Not only do computers play animportant part in science and technology, but also play an informative role inour daily life.
All of us, including the teachers /the teachers included, will attend the lecture.
He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well. =He speaks not only English but alsoFrench.
E-mail, as well as telephones, isplaying an important part in daily communication.
8.表推进的过渡语有what’s more, further more, on one hand,...one the other hand..., inaddition to, moreover, worse still, to make matters worse, but for等。例如：
The house is too small for a family offour, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still, itis in a bad location.
I used to have to work even atweekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
Another equally important aspect is...
A is but one of the many effects.Another is...
Besides, other reasons are...
9.表强调的过渡语有：especially,indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all等。例如：
Noise is unpleasant, especially whenyou are trying to sleep.
What in the world/on earth are youdoing
10.表总结用语有：in short; In summary, briefly/ inbrief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all等。例如：
Generally speaking, sending an e-mailis more convenient than sending letters.
In short, measures must be taken toprevent the environment being polluted.分类作文提纲
一、活动介绍类
首段：
(1) I’m pleased to know that you’re greatly interested in ... ,so I’d like to share a piece of good news that there will be a ... .Now,let me offer you some useful information.
(2) It’s my great honor to invite you to entera ... .Now,let me offer you some useful information about it.
(3) It’s time for us to say goodbye to ourschool life soon.Surprisingly,there is a/an... prepared for us.Now,let me offeryou some information about it.

主体段：
1.时间&地点：The ... will be held in Classroom 302 at 3o’clock in the afternoon on June 8th,2019.
2.内容：
(1)主题句：There will be various meaningful activitiesincluded in it.
(2)要点:First of all，You will be invited to .../You will begiven a chance to ... .which will ...
After that,It will be more than interesting for you to .../It will impress you a lot to ... so that ...
At last,doing sth. will play an important part in ... .So ...

尾段：
That’s all.I firmly believe that if you join in it,you will ... .
That’s all.I sincerely hope that you can come and share the happiness/fun with us.

二、写人叙事类
首段：
(1) 朋友：A friend in need is a friend indeed.I have a friendjust like that who often offers me much warmth in my life. Let me introduce him to you.
(2) 父母：If you ask me who is the most important one to me,without doubt,the answer is my ... . Let me introduce him to you .
(3) 老师：In both my life and study,my ... teacher is special to me because heis not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character.

主体段：
1.外貌：... is very beautiful but a little fat withlong hair and big eyes.
2.性格：...is an outgoing woman who always getsalong well with people around her./ ... is very kind to others and easy to geton with./is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him.
3.爱好：She is especially good at cooking and often cooks different delicious foods for me.
4.事例：
（1）Linda is like an angel. Whenever I meet trouble, she will always be there. When Ifail my test, She always encourages me to face the fact bravely and then tries tohelp me to check the reason why I fail. At the same time, she shares her goodways of studying with me.
（2）My Chinese teacher, Ms Li, not only teaches us how to learn, but also teaches ushow to be a person. I remember I made a serious mistakes in Grade seven, that was to copy others’ homework. Ms Li knew that. Instead of being angry with me, she told me the importance of study and encouraged me to study hard to become a talented person in the future.
（3）Last term, I failed my exam. I was so that that I cried sadly in my room. When mymother came from work late, she talked with me patiently and cheered me up.That evening, when I woke up at night, my mother was still working. I was deeply moved. Then I made up my mind to study harder than before.

尾段：
As a sunshine teenager, Xiao Hui is a good example for us to learn from./I will treasure the friendship forever.
Now I understand my father’s love to me. I will never forget what my father did forme and try my best to make him pleased.
He is an excellent teacher I will never forget and love himforever.

三、咨询建议类
首段：
I’m sorry to hear that you have difficulty in doing... .Don’t worry about it! Here are some useful suggestions I ‘d like to share with you.

主体段：
1.主题句：Actually,if you are careful, you’ll find various simple ways to help you solve the problem.
2.要点：
First and foremost, It’s +adj/n.+for/of sb. to do ....So that...
In addition,you are supposed to do ... ,which can notonly ... but also ...
What’s more,you had better (not) do ... ,because ...
Last but not least,I suggest you (should) do ... ,from which,you’re able to do ...

尾段：
With these suggestions carried out,I firmly believe you will improve ... a lot.
I sincerely hope that my suggestions can be of great help. Looking forward to your earliestreply.

四、观点看法类
首段：
With the development of the science and technology/society,...is becoming more and more serious./the problem about ...is under a heated discussion/ ... has become a hot topic.As for that,There are different opinions among people.

主体段：
On the one hand,some people hold the idea that ... .The reasons are as follows.First, ....Second, ... .Last, ... .
On the other hand,others disagree.They suppose that ... .Because ... .More importantly, ....

尾段：
As far as I’m concerned,every coin has two sides,and ... is not an exception.As long as wetreat ... properly,it will be of great help.一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻......
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的......
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到......
6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为......
7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为......
8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......
9.It's hardly too much to say that... 很难说......
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是......
11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认......
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是......
13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是......
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是......
2.As is often the case... 通常情况下......
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But it's a pity that... 但遗憾的是......
6.For all that...对于这一切......
In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......
7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为......
8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于......
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意......
10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是......
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即......
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说......
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信......
3.All things considered,总而言之......
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是......
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论......
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，......
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论......
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好......
四.举例句型
1.Let's take...to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3. Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of......
6.This offers a typical instance of......
7.We may quote a common example of......
8.Just think of….
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为......
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为......
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多......
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否......
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为......
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
六 .表示比较和对比的常用句型
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in…
4. A differs from B in…
5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B…
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…
七. 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows.
八. 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 句型一 Sb was/were about to do when +从句
【例句】She was about to do her homework whenher mother asked her to practice playing the piano. 她正要做作业时，母亲让她练习弹钢琴。
【例句】He was about to give up when an idea came to him. 当他想到一个想法时，他正要放弃。
句型二 It occurred to/hit/struck/ sb that +从句
【例句】At that instant, it occurred to me that he actually got down on his hands and knees to work, making a living for his family. 那一刻，我突然想到，他居然跪在地上工作，为家人谋生。
【例句】It occurred to me that sometimes, a little encouragement will help make a confident person. 我突然想到，有时候，一点点鼓励会帮助成为一个自信的人。
句型三 An idea/A thought crossed one’s mind/flashed into one’s mind (that+同位语从句).
【例句】As he heard the sound of hammering from a side street, an idea crossed his mind that he could collected nail bags and sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece. 当他听到一条小街上传来锤击声时，他脑海中闪过一个念头，他可以收集指甲袋，然后以每只五美分的价格卖回工厂。
【例句】Suddenly, a thought flashed into his mind that he could prepared the gift by himself. 突然，他脑海中闪过一个念头，他可以自己准备礼物。
句型四 one’s words echoed in one’s ears
【例句】At those times, the teacher’s words always echoed in his ears. “You can make it!” 那时，老师的话总是在他耳边回荡。“你能做到的！”
【例句】Tom was close to tears. Suddenly, grandma’s words echoed in his ears. “Never give up!” 汤姆几乎要流泪了。突然，奶奶的话在他耳边回荡。“永不放弃！”
句型五 Laughter/applause echoed/lingered through +地点
【例句】Thunderous applause echoed through the classroom.
【例句】Laughter lingered through the house.
句型六 out of +地点/out/into +地点/in/away/off +walked (rushed /stormed...) +主语
【例句】Out of the house rushed a dog, followed by a puppy. 从屋子里冲出一只狗，后面跟着一只小狗。
【例句】Out dashed Mary, crying all the way. 玛丽冲了出来，一路哭泣。
句型七 地点状语(in the box...) lay / was / were +主语
【例句】I stopped teaching and open it up. In the box were a shirt and a note from Freddy’s mother. 停止了教学，打开了它。盒子里有一件衬衫和一张弗雷迪母亲的纸条。
【例句】Inside the bottle was a piece of paper. 瓶子里有一张纸。
句型八 Sb did sth, only to find…
【例句】After hours in the cold and wet, he reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver, only to find it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it. 在寒冷潮湿的环境中呆了几个小时后，他把手伸进去，掏出钱包，希望能找到一些身份证，这样他就可以联系司机，却发现里面有400英镑的钞票，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。
【例句】I turned back to the tractor, only to find it move suddenly away from me. 我转身走向拖拉机，却发现它突然从我身边移开了。
句型九 With +n+doing, sb did sth
【例句】I remember the day was cold and grey, with a light rain falling slowly but constantly. 我记得那天很冷，灰蒙蒙的，下着小雨，缓慢而持续。
【例句】Susan sat on the grass, with her head drooping. 苏珊坐在草地上，低着头。
句型十 With +n+done, sb did sth
【例句】The dog edged toward me, with its head lowered and teeth bared. 那只狗向我走来，低着头，露出牙齿。
【例句】He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭着眼睛坐在那里。
句型十一 Not until +that moment/then/从句did sb do sth
【例句】Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老师进来，学生们才停止说话。
【例句】Not until I grew up did I understand how much my parents loved me. 直到我长大了，我才明白我的父母有多爱我。
句型十二 It was +强调部分（主宾状）+that
【例句】It was the longing to be home thatquickened steps. 正是对回家的渴望加快了脚步。
【例句】It was when the leaves turned golden that these birds began to fly south. 当树叶变成金色时，这些鸟才开始向南飞翔。
句型十三 Had it not been for / Without / But for +n, sb would not have done sth
【例句】But for your guidance, we would not have settled the problem. 如果没有您的指导，我们无法解决问题。
【例句】Had it not been for the experience, we would not have made a new friend. 如果不是这次经历，我们就不会结交新朋友。
句型十四 Doing sth, sb felt as if sb did sth / sb had done sth
【例句】Looking at the man, she felt as if she had known him for years. 看着这个男人，她觉得自己好像认识他很多年了。
【例句】Talking about pyramids, he felt as if he had seen them himself. 说起金字塔，他觉得自己好像亲眼见过金字塔。01
确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点
②提炼出一句具有概括性的话
③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
02注意篇章结构
合理布局一般为三段式开始部分——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分——对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，去除与主题无关的内容。
03写作技巧
一如何开篇技巧1：主旨设问更给力I think it's very important for us to do sports. Why Because it's good for our health and study.
I think it's very important for us to protect environment. Why Because it's good for living.
I think it's very important for us to learn English. Why Because it's the most-widely used language in the world.
技巧2：从我们到我Different people have different _____, but / and I have / prefer _____
二如何写正文句型变化：变化原则1：表达观点要“自我” In my opinion, we should pay much more attention on the weak subjects!
变化原则2：两句之间要过渡 I left my pen at home. What was worse, the drugstore was closed that day.
变化原则3：凡是问题阐述用形容词句型普通级句型The environment is bad. 比较级句型The environment is getting worse and worse.The environment is getting much worse than before.最高级句型I have never seen the worse environment.
变化原则4：表达作用多用it句式 Reading is a good way to relax myself. Watching movies is a wonderful way to learn English.
变化原则5：增强情感转感叹 How beneficial it is for us to read!How important it is for students to do sports.
变化原则6：事情到感情句型
I was very happy that I got an A in English last term. It makes me feel happy that I got an A in English last term.
变化原则7：形容词句型升级It was an unusual experience in my life. It was one of the most unusual experience in my life.
变化原则8：活用there be结合定从Many reasons made me like reading. There are many reasons why I enjoy reading
词汇变化：变化原则1：make更有feel I made a progress in English. I feel proud. It makes me feel proud to make a progress in English.
变化原则2：连词不再用and增补 not only…but also…, as well as… 进阶 what's more / worse , furthermore 转折 while, however
变化原则3：喜欢不再like用be fond of, enjoy, be crazy about
变化原则4：提出措施尽量不用should用suppose, had better, have no choice but, it's our duty to
三如何结尾
1.各种号召——事不宜迟Don't put it off.
2.各种越来越——多多益善the+比较级+主谓，the +比较级+主谓 越…就越…The better we take care of the environment, the more beautiful the world will be.
3. 名言警句 学习类 Practice makes perfect. 运动类 Rome was not built in a day. 环保类 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.爱好类 Interest is the best teacher.
写作锦囊
锦囊1：巧用连接词过渡
1) 次序关系： first, first of all, to begin with, to start with, second, next, then, afterwards, finally, eventually, lastly, at last, last but not least
2) 因果关系： because, since, as, for, due to, in view of, for this reason, for the reason that..., as a result, so, therefore, thus, hence, so that
3) 转折关系： but, however, though, even though
4) 并列关系： and, also, too, as well as, either, or, both...and...
5) 递进关系： moreover, in this way, not only...but also..., not...but..., in addition (to), besides, on the one hand..., on the other hand..., in order tot, meanwhile
6) 比较关系：like, likewise, similarly, compared with, compared to, apart from, rather than
7) 对照关系： rather, neither...nor, although, though, but, however,on the contrary, different from this
8) 举例关系：like, such as, for example, in particular, including, as for, as to, according to
9) 强调关系： in fact, especially, particularly, obviously, what is more important, certainly, of course, without a doubt
10) 条件关系：if, unless, lest, provided that, if it is the case, in this sense, once,if possible, if necessary, if so
11) 归纳总结： therefore, in short, in brief, in other words, on the whole, in sum, to sum up, in conclusion, in summary, to conclude, the conclusion can be drawn that..., for this reason
锦囊2：掌握常用句型
1.in order to 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.
3.so…that 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.
5.would rather…than 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
6.not only…but also 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons , but also received her doctor's degree.
7.either…or 如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。 You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.
8.neither…nor 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.
9.not…until 直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。I didn't know the truth until she told me what happened.
10.find it adj to do… 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to take own notes while listening.
11.as well as 他善良又乐于助人。He was kind as well as helpful.
12.…as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。The child is active and funny as well.
13.one…the other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on the desk One is red, the other is black.
14.some…others 每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。Every one is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing. 1
假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。
【例文】
Dear David,
　　I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
　　Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
　　Yours,
　　Wang Ming
2
请你根据下面的提纲，以“我的家乡”为题，写一篇100—120字的短文。
提纲：
(1) 家乡的地理位置;
(2) 解放前的情况;
(3) 解放后的变化;
(4) 对家乡的感情。
【例文】
　　My Home Town
　　My home town is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice.
　　But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town. Many people had no work. They lived a hard life.
　　In 1949 my hometown was liberated. Since then great changes have taken place there. The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. The life of the people is greatly improved.
　　I love my hometown. All the more I love its people. They are working hard so as to make it still richer and more beautiful.
3
健康对于我们每个人来说是非常重要的，但你的父母天天忙于工作而忽略了这个问题，你很为他们担忧。请你以此为话题，并结合提示给他们写一封信。
提示：
1.要走路去上班，而不是开车或坐车;
2.每周至少去体育馆锻炼一次，或打球、或游泳;
3.饮食要健康;
4.不要工作太晚，要早休息。
要求：
1.短文结构完整，意思连贯，语言流畅，语法准确，符合逻辑;
2.80—100词左右;
3.开头和结尾部分已给出，不计入总词数。
【例文】
Dear Dad(Mum),
　　You’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your health. I’m worried about your health all the time. I’d like to give you some suggestions. I hear walking is the best sport. Your company isn’t far from home, is it Why not walk to the office You’d better take exercise at least once a week, such as playing tennis in the gym. Going to swim is also a nice choice, too. What’s more, it’s necessary to have healthy food. Try not to stay up too late. Having enough sleep can help your brain work better.
　　Dad, please accept my advice. I really wish you healthy!
　　Your loving son (daughter)
　　Tom (Mary)
4【例文】
　　Doing sport builds up our body strength and reduces diseases.
　　Though we lead a better life, our health is becoming worse now. So "EXERCISE ONE HOUR A DAY，KEEP ILLNESS AWAY" has been raised by the government.
　　At noon or after school we play ball games, swimming and running. Look!The playground seems smaller because lots of students are playing on it.The school life has become colorful and we are energetic.As a result we study harder and better.
　　The Sunny Sports has brought an exciting change to us. Let’s keep on doing it.
5【例文】
　　Career or Family: which is more important
　　When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently. Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.
　　It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life. In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on. Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted. What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on. Most of the people earn their income from a job. On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit. Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life. In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family. Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.
　　In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other. Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better. Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.
6【例文】
Tourism in China
　　Recent years have seen a tendency in China that tourism is growing faster. According to a recent survey made by some experts, about 47% urban residents travel regularly, and 28% rural residents also make their tour across the country. The survey also shows that more people are interested in tourism, and will join the army in the future.
　　Facing this tendency, we can’t help exploring some underlying factors that are responsible. In the very first place, with the policy of reform and opening up, Chinese people’s living standard has been greatly improved, and therefore, most of them can afford to travel around. What’s more, it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude to tourism, and regard it as a life style. In addition, tourism facilities are becoming better and better. For example, transportation develops fast, and many scenic spots are available now.
7【例文】
　　Recently, we have made a survey of the people on physical training. Only 35 percent of the people surveyed have taken part in physical activities.
　　Over half of the people say they haven’t got enough time to take exercises. 34.9 percent of them complain they don’t have places where they can relax themselves and that there are not enough training facilities, while another 12.9 percent of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centers. Some of them even don’t know how to train.
　　For lack of physical training, many people are not in good health. People should realize the importance of it, and measures should be taken to provide people with training facilities.
8【例文】
　　Where is my home
　　Some fish are forced to leave polluted water and are flying in the sky. But unfortunately, air is also so polluted that they have to wear masks. Each of them is crying, “Where is my home ” What a terrible sight!
　　Mankind has brought so much pollution. Waste is being poured into rivers and seas. Poisons to kill pests in farming and chemicals go into rivers and seas, too. Poisonous gasses from factories also make the air so dirty. The whole balance of nature is being destroyed as a result of our ignorance of the environmental protection.
　　Personally, man can not live alone on the earth. Should fish die from serious pollution, so would man! It is high time we did something to prevent such a scene from happening.
9【例文】
Different Job Outlooks
　　Nowadays university graduates have different job outlooks. For most of them, to find a job with satisfactory pay is their most important wish while majority want to be self-employed. However, a certain number of graduates are not in a hurry to hunt for jobs. They are just waiting for better chances. Toward this point of view, some experts warn that it is not wise to be just waiting. They advise that graduates should find a regular, full-time job as quickly as possible so that they can earn money to support themselves and get working experience, which will help to find a better position later. Moreover, it might be more difficult to find a satisfactory job next year.英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。
转化法
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
●Let me have a try. 让我试试。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
●He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
●We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
●The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
●How long have you lived there 你在那儿住多久了？
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
●Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。
1. 合成名词
●名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf
●动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
●形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
●副词+名词 overcoat outside
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point
●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
●名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
●副词+形容词 over-anxious evergreen
●名词+过去分词 man-made sun-burnt
●名词+现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking
●形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going
●副词+过去分词 well-informed widespread
●副词+现在分词 hardworking far-reaching
●形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded
●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied
●数词+名词 one-way five–star
●数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词 face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
●名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk
●副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
●形容词+动词 whitewash
4. 合成副词
●形容词＋名词 meanwhile anyway
●形容词＋副词 everywhere anyhow
●副词＋副词 however
●介词＋名词 beforehand overhead
●介词＋副词 forever
5. 合成代词
●代词宾格＋self/selves herself themselves
●物主代词＋self/selves myself yourselves
●形容词＋名词 anything nothing
6. 合成介词
●副词＋名词 inside outside
●介词＋副词 without within
●副词＋介词 into
派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀
●un- unhappy unfinished undress
●dis- disagree disbelieve
●in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
●mis- misbehave mislead mistake
●non- nonstop nonsmoker
（2）表示其他意义的前缀
●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage
●inter- “相互”international intercontinental
●re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle
●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph
●auto- “自动的”automatic automobile
●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist
●anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor
●bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
●micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer
●over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate
●self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control
●under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
（1）形容词后缀
●-able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political
●-an “属于某地方的人”American African
●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern
●-ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
●-ish “如……的；有……特征的”foolish childish selfish
●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive
●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen
●-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous
●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily
●-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy
（2）名词后缀
●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese
●-ian “某国、某地人；精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
●-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess
●-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement
●-ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence “抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability
●-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval
●-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom “处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom
●-age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
（3）动词后缀
●-fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify
●-en “使成为；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
●-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
（4）副词后缀
●-ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards
（5）数词后缀
●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
●-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth

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