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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
题型过关第3讲 阅读理解
阅读理解
一、主旨大意题
定义:要求在理解全文的基础上对全文进行高度概括或总结。
题干:Main idea, topic,title,purpose, aim, means to
解题思路
1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在
段尾或段中。
2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型
1.主题型
What's the main idea of this passage (这篇文章的主要思想是什么 )
What does this passage mainly discuss (这篇文章主要讨论了什么 )
What's the topic of this passage (这篇文章的主题是什么 )
2.标题型
What's the best title (最佳的标题是什么 )
The best title for this text is (to tell ).(这段文字的最佳标题是____)The main purpose of this text is_(这段文字的主要目的是 )
3.目的型
The author's purpose of writing this text is to(作者写这段文字的主要目的是 )
What's the main purpose of the passage (这篇文章的主要目的是 )
二、细节理解题
做这种题目要注意注意提干中的标识语，带着问题有目的地寻找某一特定信息。题干中的标识语就是寻找答案的"路标词"，如人物/时间/地点等。
解题思路
1、忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
2、文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由;
3、有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
4、带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what when where问题有关的细节上。
干扰项
1、范围过大、过小;
2、偷换概念;
3、正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
常见题型
1、Which of the following statements is true (下列哪个陈述是正确的 )
2、Which of the following is not mentioned in the text (文中没有提到下列哪一项 )
3、The author(or the passage)states that__.(作者(文章)指出_)
4、According to the passage, when(where, why,how, who, whatwhichetc.)_ (根据文章，什么时候(哪里，为什么，如何，谁，什么，哪个等等))
三、推理判断题
重点题型，通常占总题目的30%左右。着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
以原文内容为前提，要求你在理解文章直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，据作者
的观点理论(非考生观点)，理解作者的言外之意(implied meaning)。
题干:infer,imply,suggestconclude
常见题型
1、The passage implies(暗示)that__.(文章暗示了_)
·2.We can conclude(得出结论)fromthe passage that_.(我们能从文章中得出的结论是)
3、Which of the following can be inferred(推论) (可以得出哪个推论 )
4、What is the tone(语气)/attitude(态度)of the author (作者的语气/态度是什么 )
5、What is the purpose(目的)of this passage (这篇文章的目的是什么 )
6、The passage is intended to_____.(文章的目的是)
7.Where would this passage most probably appear (这段文字最可能出现在什么地方
态度
正面态度:positive肯定;optimistic乐观;supportive支持;approval赞同;appreciative欣
赏;sympathy同情;favorable赞同
负面态度:critical批判;negative否定;disapproval/opposed反对;doubtful/suspicious/
skeptical怀疑
·中立/客观态度:objective客观;neutral中立;impartial公正;indifferent/unconcerned冷漠
四、词义猜测题
词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标。无论一个人的词汇量有多大，都会在阅读中碰到
生词。对词义的理解往往会影响到对全文的准确把握。
阅读过程中，对于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的生词，跳过即可。
解题思路
1、根据上下文判断;
2、通过对比关系。如hot and coldgive and
receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用
3、通过因果关系。
4、通过同类关系，比如such as， like, for example/instance。常在词或短语之间有并
列连词and或or它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
5、通过常识判断。
6、通过逻辑关系推断
Learning new words is never easy. Within 24 hours, you may forget about 80 percent (百分之) of the words you memorize(记忆). So what is the best way to memorize new words The answer is to review! That is to say, you have to see new words again and again.
According to psychologists (心理学家) you need to memorize new words more than seven times to turn them into your long-term memory. A good way to do this is to review new words from time to time. For example, after learning new words, look at them again the same day later. Then, review them a week later, and then ten days after that.
However, it is not enough to repeat new words or to review them in the same way again. It is much better to use new words in different ways. For example, you can use pictures to memorize new words or use new words when you keep your diary. Take your time, and you will keep new words in your mind for a long time.
1．If you have memorized 50 new words, how many words can you remember after a day
A．About 10. B．About 24. C．About 40.
2．The underlined word “review” means ________ in Chinese.
A．检查 B．反思 C．复习
3．After learning new words, we should first review them ________.
A．on the same day B．a week later C．ten days later
4．About learning new words, what can we learn from the passage
A．Learning them isn’t hard.
B．Reviewing them in the same way again is not enough.
C．Turning them into the long-term memory doesn’t take too much time.
5．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．different ways to use new words B．the best way to memorize new words C．the best time to memorize new words
Maybe you are an average (一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student. However, anyone can become a better student if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips to help you.
Plan your time carefully. You should make a plan of things that you have to do. First, your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment (娱乐). A weekly plan may not work out all your problems, but it will push you to realize what is happening to your time.
Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (材料), but no games, no Pads or no phones! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.
Listen to everything the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review (复习) the important points that your teacher has mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the materials will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude (态度) to tests. The purpose (目的) of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be too worried.
There are other ideas that might help you with your studying. You will probably find many others after you have tried these.
6．How many ways are mentioned in the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
7．What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese
A．学习 B．研究 C．书房
8．In order to put your heart on your subjects, you should just keep ________ on your desk.
A．everything B．a book C．study materials
9．If Kate tried all the ways in the passage for a long time, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A．she solves all her problems now
B．she asks her mother to put games in her study area
C．she becomes less worried about tests
10．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How to become a better student. B．How to plan your time. C．How to take notes.
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11．The Yangzhou Colourful Group Tour will last for ________.
A．two days B．four days C．eight days
12．Mrs Li will take the 4-Day Qingdao Private Tour with two daughters. They will pay ________.
A． 1590 B． 1650 C． 2007
13．If you travel to Qingdao, you can ________.
A．visit Daming Temple B．walking along the river C．breathe the fresh air
14．If you want to take the 8-Day London Private Tour, you should call ________.
A．800-817-7223 B．800-830-7288 C．800-810-6288
15．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Qingdao is famous for Ge Garden.
B．You can take the London Group Tour.
C．You can go to Yangzhou for the weekend.
Many people like opera. And there are “Top 4” opera theaters in Europe.
Here they are:
●San Carlo (圣卡罗剧院)
As the oldest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, San Carlo is a true sight to be seen. The theater was built in only half a year in 1737. San Carlo is a little more than just an opera house. It’s famous for having some audience (观众) on stage, but then this is where opera is most at home (最拿手的地方). If you want more formal (正式), you can go to La Scala (斯卡拉院) in Milan.
●Gran Teatre del Liceu (西奥大剧院)
It is one of the finest in Spain. It was built in the 19th century; it’s not one of the oldest in Europe but one of the most famous in performances. After La Scala, it’s the second largest in Europe.
●Wurttemberg State Theater (斯图加特歌剧院)
It is the most beautiful opera in Europe. The Second World War hit this theater hard. It was first completed in 1912 by Max. The stone building looks like a beautiful lake from above. It seats 1,400 people and is the biggest one in Germany.
●Prague Estates Theater (布拉格庄园歌剧院)
Do you like Mozart Please come here. It is famous as a place where Mozart first conducted (指挥) his performance. Now it is the best place to experience Mozart’s operas across Europe.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
16．Where is the largest opera theater in Europe
A．In Italy. B．In Germany. C．In Spain.
17．What is San Carlo famous for
A．Having audience on stage. B．Its beauty. C．Its history.
18．What was the Wurttemberg State Theater made of
A．Steel. B．Stone. C．Wood.
19．According to the text, which is WRONG
A．Gran Teatre del Liceu is the second largest in Europe.
B．Wurttemberg State Theater looks like a lake from above.
C．San Carlo is the oldest opera theater in Europe.
20．What’s the main idea of the text
A．It’s something about the Second World War.
B．It is about “Top 4” opera theaters in Europe.
C．All people in the world like opera.
On Saturday afternoon, four boys took part in the finals of the high jump. The amazing event (比赛) took place at Breakers Stadium. Fans (粉丝) filled the stands to cheer for the boys. Each boy was allowed three jumps. All three jumps were averaged (平均的) to decide the final scores. All four boys were good athletes (运动员). But Frankie Garcia’s skills topped (领先) the others. He won the first place.
Name Garcia Rashad Brenner Welsh
Scores (得分) 5 feet 4 feet 8 inches 4 feet 6 inches 3 feet 7 inches
21．Which kind of the finals did the four boys join in
A．The cycling game. B．The high jump. C．The long jump.
22．From the passage, we can know Garcia is ________.
A．a fan B．a teacher C．an athlete
23．Who won the second place in the event
A．Welsh. B．Rashad. C．Brenner.
24．Which is mentioned (提到) in the passage
A．How often the event was held.
B．How many scores the athletes got.
C．What the weather was like.
25．We can read this passage in the column (栏目) ________ of a newspaper.
A．Animal World B．Music Today C．Sports
There will be a kind of new cars in the future. The car is quite small, like a bike. But it can carry two people in it. People will like this kind of small cars better than the big ones. Everybody can drive it easily, just like riding a bike. Even children and old people can drive them to schools or parks.
If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution (污染) in the air. There will be more space for all the cars in cities, and there will also be more space for people to walk in the streets.
The little cars of the future will cost less money to buy and to drive. These little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour, so driving will be safer. The cars of the future will be fine for going around the city but they will not be useful for a long trip.
This kind of cars can save (节省) a lot of gas (汽油). They will go 450 kilometres, then they have to stop for more gas. They are nice cars, aren’t they
26．This kind of new cars will be ________ than the cars we use today.
A．more expensive B．bigger C．much smaller
27．If you drive this kind of new cars for four hours, you can probably go ________ at most.
A．260 kilometres B．65 kilometres C．450 kilometres
28．Why do these little cars have to stop after going 450 kilometres
A．Because they save gas. B．Because the traffic is too heavy. C．Because they need more gas.
29．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Driving big cars can make the air more polluted.
B．These little cars can make more space for other cars and people.
C．These little cars will be useful for a long trip.
30．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage (P= Paragraph)
A． B． C．
Star Cinema’s Movies for the Week
Jurassic World ⅢAction movie 147 minutes The Bad GuysComedy 100 minutes
Me and My Winter GamesCartoon 90 minutes MoonfallScience fiction (科幻) 130 minutes
Tickets:
$8 (weekdays); $10 (weekends); half price for children under 7
What people think of the movies:
Those characters in The Bad Guys are cute, especially (尤其) Mr. Wolf. And the conversations are really funny. I love it very much. —Lily Jurassic World Ⅲ is wonderful. The sound is beautiful and the dinosaurs look so real. I felt really excited while watching it. —Jack I went to see Me And My Winter Games with my 6-year-old son last Saturday. It’s very educational. My son learned a lot about the winter games while enjoying the interesting stories. —Kate
31．Which movie is the most popular
A．Me and My Winter Games B．The Bad Guys C．Jurassic World Ⅲ D．Moonfall
32．What does Jack think of Jurassic World Ⅲ
A．He likes it. B．He dislikes it. C．He can’t stand it. D．He doesn’t mind it.
33．What does Lily like about the movie The Bad Guys
A．The funny games. B．The beautiful sound.
C．The lovely characters. D．The educational stories.
34．How much did Kate pay for their tickets
A．$12 B．$15 C．$16 D．$20
35．What can we know from the text
A．The Bad Guys is an action movie.
B．Only few people like to watch science fiction movies.
C．Five movies will be on in Star Cinema this week.
D．Jurassic World Ⅲ is the longest movie for the week.
Australia has a lot of lovely animals.You cannot find them anywhere else in the world. The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.
The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia. They have large eyes and ears. They don’t walk, but they jump. They use their strong back legs. They can jump at 74 kilometers per hour. They can go over nine meters in one jump. Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.
Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia. They are on TV, in books and in the shops. But do you know that millions of kangaroos are killed every year There are too many of them. There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia. That’s more than the number of people in the country. Some kangaroos go hungry because there is not enough food to eat. They break into farms for food. Farmers are very angry with them.
The koala is another famous Australian animal. They look like bears, and have small eyes and big noses. They eat leaves from gum trees. Koalas have a special smell. They use it to mark their home— “This is my place. You can’t come in!” Like kangaroos, a koala baby lives in its mother’s pouch too.
36．If we want to see kangaroos and koalas in natural forests, we can go to _________.
A．Austria B．France C．Australia D．China
37．What does a kangaroo look like
A．It looks like a bear. B．It has big eyes and ears.
C．It has small eyes and big noses. D．It doesn’t have legs.
38．The underlined word “pouches” means “________” in Chinese.
A．育儿袋 B．肌肉 C．尾巴 D．脚掌
39．Which is not true
A．The kangaroos can go over nine meters in one jump.
B．Koalas like eating leaves from gum trees.
C．Koalas use their voices to mark their homes.
D．The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia.
40．What’s the best title of this passage
A．kangaroos and koalas
B．Beautiful Australia
C．How to protect kangaroos and koalas
D．Kangaroos and Koalas’ babies
Have you ever seen a giraffe in the zoo or in a nature park Do you think it is very tall In fact, the giraffe is the tallest land animal on the earth.
The giraffe is very tall. In fact, its height can be 4.3 to 5.7 meters. Thanks to its long neck, it is the tallest animal. Its neck is 2 to 2.4 meters long. Sometimes you can even see a giraffe whose neck can reach almost 3 meters in length. Besides its long neck, the giraffe also has long legs.
The giraffe is also a very heavy animal. A male (雄性的) giraffe can weigh as much as a pickup truck (小型货车)! That’s about 1,200 kilograms. Male giraffes are usually a little heavier than female ones.
The strangest thing is that a female giraffe gives birth to its baby while standing. The baby giraffe drops to the ground, but it is not hurt from the fall.
Drinking water is one of the most dangerous things for a giraffe. When it lowers its head and drinks water, it can’t keep an eye out for the animals that want to kill it.
41．What does the underlined word “length” mean in Chinese
A．长度 B．重量 C．宽度
42．Why does the author mention a pickup truck in the third paragraph
A．To show how tall the giraffe is.
B．To show how heavy the giraffe is.
C．To show how fast the giraffe runs.
43．When the giraffe is ________, it may be in danger.
A．drinking water B．eating food C．giving birth
44．About the giraffe, the passage mentions some information EXCEPT ________.
A．its long neck B．its long legs C．its food
45．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．We can’t know the length of the giraffe’s neck.
B．The giraffe can’t run very fast because it’s heavy.
C．When the baby giraffe drops to the ground, it is not hurt.
How do you get to school By bus or by bike Every morning on school days, a large number of students take the school bus to school. It is nothing new to see those big yellow buses driving around. However, school buses were unusual in the past.
In 1886, the first school transportation (交通工具) came into being, but it was called a “school hack”. It was a kind of horse-drawn carriage (四轮马车) and did not look like a bus. Between 1900 and 1930, the horse-drawn carriages became wooden (木质的) buses. Finally, in 1930, wooden buses became metal (金属的) ones.
Now the school bus wears a special colour—yellow. Many people ask why it’s yellow. The answer is to make people notice the bus. People can easily see this colour on the road, especially on rainy days. By making the school buses the yellow colour, people can notice these buses on the road more easily to make students much safer.
Today, for many students, taking the school bus is their first choice of transportation. So it is safe to say that school buses are a popular and important way of school transportation.
46．The writer starts the passage by _________.
A．giving examples
B．asking questions
C．comparing numbers
47．According to the passage, how many kinds of school transportation were there in the past
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
48．Why do the school buses wear the colour yellow
A．To make the buses beautiful.
B．To make people love the buses.
C．To make students much safer.
49．How are the school buses now according to the writer 　 　
①interesting ②popular ③important ④different
A．①② B．①③ C．②③
50．Which is the best title of the passage
A．How school buses develop.
B．How most students go to school.
C．How to take the school bus.
参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A C A B B C C C C A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A B C B C A A B C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C B B C C A C C B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C A C B D C B A C A
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A B A C C B B C C A
1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了记住新词的最好的方法。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Within 24 hours, you may forget about 80 percent (百分之) of the words you memorize(记忆).”可知，在一天内，可能会忘记所背单词的80%，也就是记住20%，50×20%=10，也就是背50个新词，一天内能记住10个，故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“That is to say, you have to see new words again and again.”可知，此句是说答案就是复习，“review”的意思是“复习”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, after learning new words, look at them again the same day later.”可知，学了生词之后，需要首先在同一天内复习。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, it is not enough to repeat new words or to review them in the same way again.”可知，以同样的方式回顾它们是不够的。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。阅读全文并根据第一段“So what is the best way to memorize new words The answer is to review!”可知，本文主要讲述了记住新词的最好的方法。故选B。
6．C 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何成为一名优等生。
6．细节理解题。根据“Plan your time carefully”“Keep your study quiet and clean”“Listen to everything the teacher says”“After you get home from school, go over your notes”以及“Develop a good attitude (态度) to tests”可知文章提到了五个方法。故选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据“The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (材料), but no games, no Pads or no phones”可知书房应该有一张桌子、一把椅子和一些学习材料，但不能有游戏、垫子或手机，故此处划线部分意为“书房”。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (材料), but no games, no Pads or no phones”可知书房应该有一张桌子、一把椅子和一些学习材料，但不能有游戏、垫子或手机。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据“However, anyone can become a better student if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips to help you”可知这些方法可以帮助成为一名优等生，所以如果都尝试了这些方法，她可能不那么担心考试了。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了如何成为一名优等生。故选A。
11．A 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是三则广告，主要介绍了去各地的旅游团的时间及长短，旅游时可以看到的风景，还有参加不同的旅游团的不同的价格。以及各自旅游团的联系方式。
11．细节理解题。根据标题“2-Day Yangzhou Colourful Group Tour”可知，扬州多彩团游持续两天。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据4-Day Qingdao Private Tour 标题下的价格表可知，人数不同价格也会不同。Mrs. Li 还有他们的两个女儿一共3个人，符合第二个价格。即2-5人的情况下，每人费用为550元，所以三个人一共需要1650元。 故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据4-Day Qingdao Private Tour标题下内容“Qingdao is famous for its sunshine, White sandy beaches and clear water. You can relax here, Walking along the beaches and breathing the fresh air!”可知，如果去青岛，我们沿着海滩散步，呼吸新鲜空气！故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据8-Day London Private Tour标题下内容“Call us at 800-830-7288”可知，如果你想参加为期8天的伦敦私人游，你应该打电话800-830-7288。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据2-Day Yangzhou Colourful Group Tour标题下“How about going to Yangzhou for the weekend You can visit the Slender West Lake, Ge Garden, Daming Temple and taste Huaiyang delicious food, such as Yangzhou fried rice and Fuchun baozi.”可知，周末可以去扬州。故选C。
16．A 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了欧洲“四大”歌剧院，包括它们的地理位置、历史、建筑特点和文化意义，强调了这些歌剧院在欧洲歌剧文化中的重要地位。
16．细节理解题。根据“As the oldest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, San Carlo is a true sight to be seen.”，可知圣卡罗剧院是欧洲最大的剧院之一，且位于意大利。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据文章中的“San Carlo is a little more than just an opera house. It’s famous for having some audience on stage, but then this is where opera is most at home.”（圣卡罗不仅仅是一座歌剧院。它因让观众上台而闻名，但这也是歌剧最拿手的地方。）可知，圣卡罗剧院以让观众上台而闻名。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章中的“The stone building looks like a beautiful lake from above.”（从上方看，这座石质建筑就像一个美丽的湖泊。）可知，斯图加特歌剧院是由石头建造的。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据文章中的“As the oldest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, San Carlo is a true sight to be seen.”（作为意大利最古老的剧院和欧洲最大的剧院之一，圣卡罗剧院是一个真正的景点。）可知，圣卡罗剧院是意大利最古老的剧院之一，而不是欧洲最古老的剧院。因此，选项C中的“San Carlo is the oldest opera theater in Europe.”（圣卡罗是欧洲最古老的歌剧院。）是错误的。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章开头“Many people like opera. And there are ‘Top 4’ opera theaters in Europe.”（许多人喜欢歌剧。欧洲有“四大”歌剧院。）以及后文对四个歌剧院的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了欧洲的“四大”歌剧院。故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文介绍了一场体育赛事，以及四个男孩的跳高决赛的结果。
21．细节理解题。根据“On Saturday afternoon, four boys took part in the finals of the high jump.”可知，四个男孩参加的是跳高比赛的决赛。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“All four boys were good athletes (运动员).”可知，Garcia是运动员。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Scores”中“4 feet 8 inches”可知，Rashad跳得第二高。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“Scores”中的各项结果可知，文章提到了四个男孩的得分。故选B。
25．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据“On Saturday afternoon, four boys took part in the finals of the high jump.…Fans (粉丝) filled the stands to cheer for the boys”可知，本文介绍了一场体育赛事，因此我们可以在体育报上看到这篇文章。故选C。
26．C 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了未来的一种新车。
26．细节理解题。根据“The car is quite small,”可知这种新车相当小。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“These little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour,”可知这种车一个小时行驶65公里，四个小时行驶了260公里。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“They will go 450 kilometres, then they have to stop for more gas.”可知它们将行驶450公里，然后不得不停下来加油。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“but they will not be useful for a long trip.”可知对于长途旅行来说，这种新车将没有用处。故选C。
30．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出这种新汽车；第二至第四段介绍了这种新车的好处。故选项B符合文章结构。故选B。
31．C 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了Star Cinema的本周电影。
31．细节理解题。根据评分情况可知，《侏罗纪世界3》是五颗星，最受欢迎。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“Jurassic World Ⅲ is wonderful. The sound is beautiful and the dinosaurs look so real. I felt really excited while watching it.”可知他认为《侏罗纪世界3》太棒了，声音很美，恐龙看起来很真实。看的时候他真的很兴奋，所以他很喜欢这部电影。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据“Those characters in The Bad Guys are cute”可知她认为电影中的角色很有趣。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“I went to see Me And My Winter Games with my 6-year-old son last Saturday.”以及“$10 (weekends); half price for children under 7”可知她和6岁的儿子上周六看的，成人价格是10美元，7岁以下的孩子半价，所以他们共需10+5+15。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据四部电影的时长可知，《侏罗纪世界3》的时长是最长的。故选D。
36．C 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚的袋鼠和考拉这两种独特的动物。
36．细节理解题。根据“Australia has a lot of lovely animals. You cannot find them anywhere else in the world. The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.”可知，袋鼠和考拉是澳大利亚特有的动物，要在自然森林中看到它们，应该去澳大利亚，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“They have large eyes and ears.”可知，袋鼠有大眼睛和大耳朵，故选B。
38．词义猜测题。根据“Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.”可知，袋鼠妈妈用这个东西来装宝宝，宝宝在里面获取奶水和保暖，结合常识可知pouches是育儿袋，故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据“Koalas have a special smell. They use it to mark their home—‘This is my place. You can’t come in!’”可知，考拉用特殊的气味来标记它们的家，而不是声音，C选项错误，故选C。
40．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了袋鼠和考拉，故选A。
41．A 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．C
【导语】本文主要描述了长颈鹿的一些生理特点及其生活习性。
41．词义猜测题。根据“Sometimes you can even see a giraffe whose neck can reach almost 3 meters in length.”有时你甚至可以看到一只脖子长达近3米的长颈鹿。可知，这里的length是“长度”的意思。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据“The giraffe is also a very heavy animal. A male (雄性的) giraffe can weigh as much as a pickup truck (小型货车)!”可知，文章中提到小型货车是为了说明长颈鹿有多重。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据“Drinking water is one of the most dangerous things for a giraffe.”可知，长颈鹿喝水时，可能有危险。故选A。
44．细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章中没有提到长颈鹿的食物。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据“The baby giraffe drops to the ground, but it is not hurt from the fall.”可知，小长颈鹿掉到地上时不会受伤。故选C。
46．B 47．B 48．C 49．C 50．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了校车是如何发展的。
46．细节理解题。根据“How do you get to school By bus or by bike ”可知，本文是通过问问题来开始的，故选B。
47． 细节理解题。根据“It was a kind of horse-drawn carriage (四轮马车) and did not look like a bus. Between 1900 and 1930, the horse-drawn carriages became wooden (木质的) buses. Finally, in 1930, wooden buses became metal (金属的) ones.”可知，过去学校有3种交通工具，故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“By making the school buses the yellow colour, people can see these buses on the road more easily to make students much safer.”可知，通过把校车变成黄色，人们可以在路上更容易地看到这些公交车，让学生更安全。故选C。
49．细节理解题。根据“So it is safe to say that school buses are a popular and important way of school transportation.”可知，校车是一种受欢迎的重要的学校交通方式。故选C。
50．最佳标题题。根据“However, school buses were unusual in the past.”和全文可知，本文主要讲述了校车是如何发展的。故选A。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
题型过关第3讲 阅读理解
阅读理解
一、主旨大意题
定义:要求在理解全文的基础上对全文进行高度概括或总结。
题干:Main idea, topic,title,purpose, aim, means to
解题思路
1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在
段尾或段中。
2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型
1.主题型
What's the main idea of this passage (这篇文章的主要思想是什么 )
What does this passage mainly discuss (这篇文章主要讨论了什么 )
What's the topic of this passage (这篇文章的主题是什么 )
2.标题型
What's the best title (最佳的标题是什么 )
The best title for this text is (to tell ).(这段文字的最佳标题是____)The main purpose of this text is_(这段文字的主要目的是 )
3.目的型
The author's purpose of writing this text is to(作者写这段文字的主要目的是 )
What's the main purpose of the passage (这篇文章的主要目的是 )
二、细节理解题
做这种题目要注意注意提干中的标识语，带着问题有目的地寻找某一特定信息。题干中的标识语就是寻找答案的"路标词"，如人物/时间/地点等。
解题思路
1、忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
2、文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由;
3、有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
4、带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what when where问题有关的细节上。
干扰项
1、范围过大、过小;
2、偷换概念;
3、正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
常见题型
1、Which of the following statements is true (下列哪个陈述是正确的 )
2、Which of the following is not mentioned in the text (文中没有提到下列哪一项 )
3、The author(or the passage)states that__.(作者(文章)指出_)
4、According to the passage, when(where, why,how, who, whatwhichetc.)_ (根据文章，什么时候(哪里，为什么，如何，谁，什么，哪个等等))
三、推理判断题
重点题型，通常占总题目的30%左右。着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
以原文内容为前提，要求你在理解文章直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，据作者
的观点理论(非考生观点)，理解作者的言外之意(implied meaning)。
题干:infer,imply,suggestconclude
常见题型
1、The passage implies(暗示)that__.(文章暗示了_)
·2.We can conclude(得出结论)fromthe passage that_.(我们能从文章中得出的结论是)
3、Which of the following can be inferred(推论) (可以得出哪个推论 )
4、What is the tone(语气)/attitude(态度)of the author (作者的语气/态度是什么 )
5、What is the purpose(目的)of this passage (这篇文章的目的是什么 )
6、The passage is intended to_____.(文章的目的是)
7.Where would this passage most probably appear (这段文字最可能出现在什么地方
态度
正面态度:positive肯定;optimistic乐观;supportive支持;approval赞同;appreciative欣
赏;sympathy同情;favorable赞同
负面态度:critical批判;negative否定;disapproval/opposed反对;doubtful/suspicious/
skeptical怀疑
·中立/客观态度:objective客观;neutral中立;impartial公正;indifferent/unconcerned冷漠
四、词义猜测题
词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标。无论一个人的词汇量有多大，都会在阅读中碰到
生词。对词义的理解往往会影响到对全文的准确把握。
阅读过程中，对于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的生词，跳过即可。
解题思路
1、根据上下文判断;
2、通过对比关系。如hot and coldgive and
receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用
3、通过因果关系。
4、通过同类关系，比如such as， like, for example/instance。常在词或短语之间有并
列连词and或or它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
5、通过常识判断。
6、通过逻辑关系推断
Learning new words is never easy. Within 24 hours, you may forget about 80 percent (百分之) of the words you memorize(记忆). So what is the best way to memorize new words The answer is to review! That is to say, you have to see new words again and again.
According to psychologists (心理学家) you need to memorize new words more than seven times to turn them into your long-term memory. A good way to do this is to review new words from time to time. For example, after learning new words, look at them again the same day later. Then, review them a week later, and then ten days after that.
However, it is not enough to repeat new words or to review them in the same way again. It is much better to use new words in different ways. For example, you can use pictures to memorize new words or use new words when you keep your diary. Take your time, and you will keep new words in your mind for a long time.
1．If you have memorized 50 new words, how many words can you remember after a day
A．About 10. B．About 24. C．About 40.
2．The underlined word “review” means ________ in Chinese.
A．检查 B．反思 C．复习
3．After learning new words, we should first review them ________.
A．on the same day B．a week later C．ten days later
4．About learning new words, what can we learn from the passage
A．Learning them isn’t hard.
B．Reviewing them in the same way again is not enough.
C．Turning them into the long-term memory doesn’t take too much time.
5．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．different ways to use new words B．the best way to memorize new words C．the best time to memorize new words
Maybe you are an average (一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student. However, anyone can become a better student if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips to help you.
Plan your time carefully. You should make a plan of things that you have to do. First, your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment (娱乐). A weekly plan may not work out all your problems, but it will push you to realize what is happening to your time.
Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (材料), but no games, no Pads or no phones! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.
Listen to everything the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review (复习) the important points that your teacher has mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the materials will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude (态度) to tests. The purpose (目的) of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be too worried.
There are other ideas that might help you with your studying. You will probably find many others after you have tried these.
6．How many ways are mentioned in the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
7．What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese
A．学习 B．研究 C．书房
8．In order to put your heart on your subjects, you should just keep ________ on your desk.
A．everything B．a book C．study materials
9．If Kate tried all the ways in the passage for a long time, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A．she solves all her problems now
B．she asks her mother to put games in her study area
C．she becomes less worried about tests
10．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How to become a better student. B．How to plan your time. C．How to take notes.
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11．The Yangzhou Colourful Group Tour will last for ________.
A．two days B．four days C．eight days
12．Mrs Li will take the 4-Day Qingdao Private Tour with two daughters. They will pay ________.
A． 1590 B． 1650 C． 2007
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A．visit Daming Temple B．walking along the river C．breathe the fresh air
14．If you want to take the 8-Day London Private Tour, you should call ________.
A．800-817-7223 B．800-830-7288 C．800-810-6288
15．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Qingdao is famous for Ge Garden.
B．You can take the London Group Tour.
C．You can go to Yangzhou for the weekend.
Many people like opera. And there are “Top 4” opera theaters in Europe.
Here they are:
●San Carlo (圣卡罗剧院)
As the oldest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, San Carlo is a true sight to be seen. The theater was built in only half a year in 1737. San Carlo is a little more than just an opera house. It’s famous for having some audience (观众) on stage, but then this is where opera is most at home (最拿手的地方). If you want more formal (正式), you can go to La Scala (斯卡拉院) in Milan.
●Gran Teatre del Liceu (西奥大剧院)
It is one of the finest in Spain. It was built in the 19th century; it’s not one of the oldest in Europe but one of the most famous in performances. After La Scala, it’s the second largest in Europe.
●Wurttemberg State Theater (斯图加特歌剧院)
It is the most beautiful opera in Europe. The Second World War hit this theater hard. It was first completed in 1912 by Max. The stone building looks like a beautiful lake from above. It seats 1,400 people and is the biggest one in Germany.
●Prague Estates Theater (布拉格庄园歌剧院)
Do you like Mozart Please come here. It is famous as a place where Mozart first conducted (指挥) his performance. Now it is the best place to experience Mozart’s operas across Europe.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
16．Where is the largest opera theater in Europe
A．In Italy. B．In Germany. C．In Spain.
17．What is San Carlo famous for
A．Having audience on stage. B．Its beauty. C．Its history.
18．What was the Wurttemberg State Theater made of
A．Steel. B．Stone. C．Wood.
19．According to the text, which is WRONG
A．Gran Teatre del Liceu is the second largest in Europe.
B．Wurttemberg State Theater looks like a lake from above.
C．San Carlo is the oldest opera theater in Europe.
20．What’s the main idea of the text
A．It’s something about the Second World War.
B．It is about “Top 4” opera theaters in Europe.
C．All people in the world like opera.
On Saturday afternoon, four boys took part in the finals of the high jump. The amazing event (比赛) took place at Breakers Stadium. Fans (粉丝) filled the stands to cheer for the boys. Each boy was allowed three jumps. All three jumps were averaged (平均的) to decide the final scores. All four boys were good athletes (运动员). But Frankie Garcia’s skills topped (领先) the others. He won the first place.
Name Garcia Rashad Brenner Welsh
Scores (得分) 5 feet 4 feet 8 inches 4 feet 6 inches 3 feet 7 inches
21．Which kind of the finals did the four boys join in
A．The cycling game. B．The high jump. C．The long jump.
22．From the passage, we can know Garcia is ________.
A．a fan B．a teacher C．an athlete
23．Who won the second place in the event
A．Welsh. B．Rashad. C．Brenner.
24．Which is mentioned (提到) in the passage
A．How often the event was held.
B．How many scores the athletes got.
C．What the weather was like.
25．We can read this passage in the column (栏目) ________ of a newspaper.
A．Animal World B．Music Today C．Sports
There will be a kind of new cars in the future. The car is quite small, like a bike. But it can carry two people in it. People will like this kind of small cars better than the big ones. Everybody can drive it easily, just like riding a bike. Even children and old people can drive them to schools or parks.
If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution (污染) in the air. There will be more space for all the cars in cities, and there will also be more space for people to walk in the streets.
The little cars of the future will cost less money to buy and to drive. These little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour, so driving will be safer. The cars of the future will be fine for going around the city but they will not be useful for a long trip.
This kind of cars can save (节省) a lot of gas (汽油). They will go 450 kilometres, then they have to stop for more gas. They are nice cars, aren’t they
26．This kind of new cars will be ________ than the cars we use today.
A．more expensive B．bigger C．much smaller
27．If you drive this kind of new cars for four hours, you can probably go ________ at most.
A．260 kilometres B．65 kilometres C．450 kilometres
28．Why do these little cars have to stop after going 450 kilometres
A．Because they save gas. B．Because the traffic is too heavy. C．Because they need more gas.
29．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Driving big cars can make the air more polluted.
B．These little cars can make more space for other cars and people.
C．These little cars will be useful for a long trip.
30．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage (P= Paragraph)
A． B． C．
Star Cinema’s Movies for the Week
Jurassic World ⅢAction movie 147 minutes The Bad GuysComedy 100 minutes
Me and My Winter GamesCartoon 90 minutes MoonfallScience fiction (科幻) 130 minutes
Tickets:
$8 (weekdays); $10 (weekends); half price for children under 7
What people think of the movies:
Those characters in The Bad Guys are cute, especially (尤其) Mr. Wolf. And the conversations are really funny. I love it very much. —Lily Jurassic World Ⅲ is wonderful. The sound is beautiful and the dinosaurs look so real. I felt really excited while watching it. —Jack I went to see Me And My Winter Games with my 6-year-old son last Saturday. It’s very educational. My son learned a lot about the winter games while enjoying the interesting stories. —Kate
31．Which movie is the most popular
A．Me and My Winter Games B．The Bad Guys C．Jurassic World Ⅲ D．Moonfall
32．What does Jack think of Jurassic World Ⅲ
A．He likes it. B．He dislikes it. C．He can’t stand it. D．He doesn’t mind it.
33．What does Lily like about the movie The Bad Guys
A．The funny games. B．The beautiful sound.
C．The lovely characters. D．The educational stories.
34．How much did Kate pay for their tickets
A．$12 B．$15 C．$16 D．$20
35．What can we know from the text
A．The Bad Guys is an action movie.
B．Only few people like to watch science fiction movies.
C．Five movies will be on in Star Cinema this week.
D．Jurassic World Ⅲ is the longest movie for the week.
Australia has a lot of lovely animals.You cannot find them anywhere else in the world. The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.
The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia. They have large eyes and ears. They don’t walk, but they jump. They use their strong back legs. They can jump at 74 kilometers per hour. They can go over nine meters in one jump. Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.
Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia. They are on TV, in books and in the shops. But do you know that millions of kangaroos are killed every year There are too many of them. There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia. That’s more than the number of people in the country. Some kangaroos go hungry because there is not enough food to eat. They break into farms for food. Farmers are very angry with them.
The koala is another famous Australian animal. They look like bears, and have small eyes and big noses. They eat leaves from gum trees. Koalas have a special smell. They use it to mark their home— “This is my place. You can’t come in!” Like kangaroos, a koala baby lives in its mother’s pouch too.
36．If we want to see kangaroos and koalas in natural forests, we can go to _________.
A．Austria B．France C．Australia D．China
37．What does a kangaroo look like
A．It looks like a bear. B．It has big eyes and ears.
C．It has small eyes and big noses. D．It doesn’t have legs.
38．The underlined word “pouches” means “________” in Chinese.
A．育儿袋 B．肌肉 C．尾巴 D．脚掌
39．Which is not true
A．The kangaroos can go over nine meters in one jump.
B．Koalas like eating leaves from gum trees.
C．Koalas use their voices to mark their homes.
D．The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia.
40．What’s the best title of this passage
A．kangaroos and koalas
B．Beautiful Australia
C．How to protect kangaroos and koalas
D．Kangaroos and Koalas’ babies
Have you ever seen a giraffe in the zoo or in a nature park Do you think it is very tall In fact, the giraffe is the tallest land animal on the earth.
The giraffe is very tall. In fact, its height can be 4.3 to 5.7 meters. Thanks to its long neck, it is the tallest animal. Its neck is 2 to 2.4 meters long. Sometimes you can even see a giraffe whose neck can reach almost 3 meters in length. Besides its long neck, the giraffe also has long legs.
The giraffe is also a very heavy animal. A male (雄性的) giraffe can weigh as much as a pickup truck (小型货车)! That’s about 1,200 kilograms. Male giraffes are usually a little heavier than female ones.
The strangest thing is that a female giraffe gives birth to its baby while standing. The baby giraffe drops to the ground, but it is not hurt from the fall.
Drinking water is one of the most dangerous things for a giraffe. When it lowers its head and drinks water, it can’t keep an eye out for the animals that want to kill it.
41．What does the underlined word “length” mean in Chinese
A．长度 B．重量 C．宽度
42．Why does the author mention a pickup truck in the third paragraph
A．To show how tall the giraffe is.
B．To show how heavy the giraffe is.
C．To show how fast the giraffe runs.
43．When the giraffe is ________, it may be in danger.
A．drinking water B．eating food C．giving birth
44．About the giraffe, the passage mentions some information EXCEPT ________.
A．its long neck B．its long legs C．its food
45．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．We can’t know the length of the giraffe’s neck.
B．The giraffe can’t run very fast because it’s heavy.
C．When the baby giraffe drops to the ground, it is not hurt.
How do you get to school By bus or by bike Every morning on school days, a large number of students take the school bus to school. It is nothing new to see those big yellow buses driving around. However, school buses were unusual in the past.
In 1886, the first school transportation (交通工具) came into being, but it was called a “school hack”. It was a kind of horse-drawn carriage (四轮马车) and did not look like a bus. Between 1900 and 1930, the horse-drawn carriages became wooden (木质的) buses. Finally, in 1930, wooden buses became metal (金属的) ones.
Now the school bus wears a special colour—yellow. Many people ask why it’s yellow. The answer is to make people notice the bus. People can easily see this colour on the road, especially on rainy days. By making the school buses the yellow colour, people can notice these buses on the road more easily to make students much safer.
Today, for many students, taking the school bus is their first choice of transportation. So it is safe to say that school buses are a popular and important way of school transportation.
46．The writer starts the passage by _________.
A．giving examples
B．asking questions
C．comparing numbers
47．According to the passage, how many kinds of school transportation were there in the past
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
48．Why do the school buses wear the colour yellow
A．To make the buses beautiful.
B．To make people love the buses.
C．To make students much safer.
49．How are the school buses now according to the writer 　 　
①interesting ②popular ③important ④different
A．①② B．①③ C．②③
50．Which is the best title of the passage
A．How school buses develop.
B．How most students go to school.
C．How to take the school bus.
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