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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
题型过关第3讲 阅读理解（技巧+真题）
一、高瞻远瞩 把脉命题特点
（一）阅读理解考纲解读
参照《义务教育英语课程标准》的要求，其对阅读阅读的目标要求如下：
1．能连贯、流畅地朗读课文。
2．能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为。
3．能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意。
4．能根据上下文猜测生词的意思。
5．能理解并解释图表提供的信息。
6．能读懂简单的个人信件、说明文等应用文体材料
7．能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解。
8．课外阅读量应累计达到10万词以上。
（二）阅读理解命题特点
题材 话题多样，内容丰富。涉及日常生活、文化、科技、风土人情、社会热点及自然等。
体裁 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。其中应用文的范畴较广，分为广告、图表及邮件等。
题量 题量大，分值高。在中考试卷中，篇目约为4-6篇。以山东中考为例，常规阅读理解有4篇，共15小题，30分；任务型阅读理解有1篇，共5小题，10分。它们约占总分的34％。
题型 以选择题为主，但也会因各地试卷结构的不同而出现一些其他题型，如回答问题、还原句子、完成表格信息及句子改写等。
难度 报纸、杂志及网络为阅读理解的选材提供了丰富的资源，其丰富的词汇、多样化的表达方式及命题技巧的提高使题目的难度有所增加。
俗话说：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。了解阅读理解的题材范围和不同体裁的特点有助于我们洞悉文章真谛。
“题材”-初中英语阅读理解的话题项目有
个人情况，家庭、朋友与周围的人，周围的环境，日常活动，学校，个人兴趣，情感与情绪，人际交往，计划与安排，节假日活动，购物，饮食，卫生与健康，安全与救护，天气，文娱与体育，旅游与交通，通讯，语言学习，自然，世界与环境，科普知识与现代技术，历史与社会，故事与诗歌，“体裁”不同的文体及特点如下：
1．记叙文
一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由时间贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的记叙文，因为单纯的记叙文比较简单、易懂。所以水平测试中的记叙文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构是：
（1）一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历（话题）
（2）叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现
（3）叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现
（4）做出总结或结论。
2．说明文
是对事物的性质、特征、成因等加以说明和解释的一种文体，目的是教给人科学的知识和科学地认识事物的方法。
为了使说明的对象更清楚明白，让读者对事物留下深刻的印象，写说明文时首先要抓住说明对象的特征，其次要恰当地安排说明的顺序。
对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘、生物生存背景和产品工艺原理，多为解释性、定义性、说明性长句，因此阅读科普说明文时一定要保持冷静，借助句法结构来理解句意
3．应用文
最基本特点就是“用”。应用文有着它特定的语言特征，主要有以下三个特点：
（1）语言格式规范
（2）语言严谨准确
（3）语言风格平实质朴却清楚简洁
4．议论文
最常见的议论模式是“主张←→反主张”。作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是观点态度题、主旨大意题以及推理判断题。
此类文章的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者观点态度型、结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识型、是非型等
三、拨开迷雾 探索解题策略
（一）解题步骤
1．认真审题，读懂题意。
由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。对于选择性题目，要注意寻读文章中的有效信息，提炼出关键内容，对号入座。
2．快速阅读，掌握大意。
在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。
3．细读题目，完成任务。
在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答案的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。
4．复读文章，核实任务。
初步完成所要求的任务后，必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文，结合题意、文中和文后提供的任务信息，认真核实任务以保证答案正确。
5．读写结合，验证答案。
任务型阅读不仅考查阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。最后，再次核对答案与短文内容是否相符
（二）设题分析
不管是记叙文、说明文、应用文还是议论文，从设题角度看，一共有如下四类：
1．细节理解题
此类题目大多是针对文章的细节设计的，是阅读中最基本的题目，一般每篇文章中会出现1-3个。题目形式一般分为：（1）考查文章中的时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、方式（how）、原因（why）等信息。（2）对文章中事实的真假的辨析，常以Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage？ 为主要设题形式。
这类试题的答案大多都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字描述，可以是原文中的一个句子，也可能是若干个句子。但大多数题目是以不同于原句的方式出现的，其答案也需要借助于同义句或同义词来获得。
解题技巧
（1）明确题目，顺藤摸瓜。（2）按照提示，寻找答案来源。（3）找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。（4）推敲难题，正确使用排除法。
2．推理判断题
推理判断题的命题一般是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据让我们进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式较直接，只需要一处细节就可以结合常识推测出答案，这是八年级阅读理解中常见的推理判断题。还有一种是题干中未直接提出“需推理”字样，但只有通过推断文章某一部分内容的言外之意才可得出答案。
推理判断题一般为：From the passage we can infer that...This passage may be from...此类题属于高难度题，它要求我们通过表面的文字叙述“读出”隐藏在字里行间的深层含义，捕捉作者提供的暗示，追踪作者写作时的发展思路，从而悟出作者的言外之意。
解题技巧
（1）整合全文（段）信息进行推断。（2）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。（3）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。（4）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
3．词义猜测题
通常是猜测某个画线部分的词或短语的含义。通过上下文或构词法等可以推测出画线部分的词义。常见的设题方式有：（1）Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word (2) The underlined word in the...paragraph means (refers to)... (3) According to the passage,...probably means... (4)The writer uses the word...to mean...
解题技巧
根据定义猜测词义。（2）根据举例猜测词义。（3）根据因果关系猜测词义。（4）根据说明、并列、同义、近义、反义等关系猜测词义
4．主旨大意题
主旨大意题命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、标题和写作目的。常见的设题方式是：What＇s the main idea of the passage？ What＇s the best title for this passage
解题技巧
（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题。（2）重视首尾句。文章首尾或各段的开头往往隐含着主题句。（3）概括、归纳中心思想。阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，再将中心思想加以提炼，拟定标题。
阅读理解
A
May Day is coming. Why not go to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Enjoy yourself and learn about science and technology. It’ s really amazing.
Activities Visiting eleven theme pavilions.Watching films in four different kinds of hi-tech cinemas. 4-D films, for example. Learning about great scientists by visiting the art gallery. Tying interesting experiments.
Time 9:00-17:15 from Tuesday to Sunday and all the national legal holidays.
Ticket 60 yuan for adults (full price).75 percent of the full price for students.Free for people over 70 and kids under 1.3 meters.(You can book the tickets on different websites such as Lvmama, Nuomi and Dazhongdianping and so on or you can buy the ticket in the ticket office.)
Location 2000 Century Avenue.
1．What can’ t visitors do in the museum
A．Try interesting experiments. B．Watch 4-D films. C．Visit twelve theme pavilions. D．Visit the art gallery.
2．How much money should you pay for the tickets if your parents take you to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on May Day
A．180 yuan. B．165 yuan. C．135 yuan. D．130 yuan.
3．How many ways can visitors get the tickets according to the passage
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
答案：1．C 2．B 3．A
【解析】本文讲述了五一节快要到了，为什么不去上海科技馆呢？介绍了上海科技馆的开放时间、费用和地址等。
1．细节理解题。根据“ Visiting eleven theme pavilions.”可知，参观者可以参观11个主题馆，不是12个。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“ 60 yuan for adults (full price). 75 percent of the full price for students. Free for people over 70 and kids under 1.3 meters.”可知，如果你的父母在五一带你去科技馆的话，需要60+60+60×75%=165。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“You can book the tickets on different websites such as Lvmama, Nuomi and Dazhongdianping and so on or you can buy the ticket in the ticket office.”可知，游客可以通过在网上订票和在售票处买票这2种方式获得门票。故选A。
B
If parents want their children to have healthy eating habits, they should ask their children to learn to cook. When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and cooking skills. A school in Liverpool found that more children ate fruit and vegetables after taking cooking classes. The school also found that joining the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s lifestyles and desire for food.
So let children learn to cook and have some cooking classes at school. In the United Kingdom, many schools have cooking classes for students aged 12 to 16. They get three hours’ classes before practicing cooking. Since 2007, a program called Let’s Get Cooking has helped more than 1.7 million children improve their cooking skills through more than 5,000 school cooking clubs.
A few days ago, the program did a survey (调查) among 2,500 members. It showed that 92% of them used their new skills at home and more than half said they ate more healthily after they learned to cook.
4．What is the main idea of the first passage
A．The advantages (好处) of learning to cook. B．How to learn to cook.
C．When to learn to cook. D．Where to learn to cook.
5．What does the underlined word “desire” probably mean
A．Fun. B．Talent. C．Care. D．Wish.
6．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．Many children learn cooking in their after-school program.
B．Children must learn cooking at home.
C．Cooking is a subject for students in the UK.
D．The program teach children to improve their cooking skills.
7．What does the survey tell us according to the last paragraph
A．The cooking program is helpful. B．The cooking program is useless.
C．The cooking program is boring. D．The cooking program is hard for children.
8．What does the writer really want to tell us in the passage
A．How to improve cooking skills. B．A new way to improve children’s eating habits.
C．When to take cooking classes. D．Where to learn to cook healthy and deliciously.
答案：4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了父母如果想让孩子们有健康的饮食习惯，有一个好方法，就是让孩子们学习做饭。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ A school in Liverpool found that more children ate fruit and vegetables after taking cooking classes. The school also found that joining the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s lifestyles and desire for food.”可知，该段是讲烹饪课所带来的好处。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据文中的句子“When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and cooking skills. ”以及“The school also found that joining the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s lifestyles and desire for food.”可知，加入烹饪俱乐部可以改善孩子们的生活方式和对食物的渴望，所以划线单词“desire”的意思和“wish希望”相近。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据“In the United Kingdom, many schools have cooking classes for students aged 12 to 16.”可知，这烹饪课是英国学生的一门课程。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It showed that 92% of them used their new skills at home and more than half said they ate more healthily after they learned to cook.”可知，本段主要告诉我们烹饪对我们的健康是有帮助的，故选A。
8．主旨大意题。结合“If parents want their children to have healthy eating habits, they should ask their children to learn to cook. When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and cooking skills.”和“It showed that 92% of them used their new skills at home and more than half said they ate more healthily after they learned to cook.”可知，本文主要讲一种改善儿童饮食习惯的新方法。故选B。
C
Do you like aerobic (有氧的) exercise such as running, biking or swimming Aerobic exercise is good for our health. For example, people who often get aerobic exercise enjoy a life three to four years more than those who do not.
People get less aerobic exercise than ever before. One of the reasons is television. In the United States, for example, people watch four hours of TV a day, but only spend 27 minutes doing exercise! A lot of doctors are worried about that and they say people who do not exercise are more possible to be tired or unhappy.
Schools are trying to solve (解决) this problem. They have two or three more PE classes in a week. In P.E. classes teachers teach students how to play, eat and exercise. Through the subject, teachers and parents hope that their kids can learn good exercise habits when they are young, and keep them when they get older.
Aerobic exercise is now getting promoted at work. A lot of companies (公司) have found people are more quick-minded and creative in their jobs if they often get aerobic exercise. For this reason, many companies are now running sports programs, holding sports competitions, etc.
How do you exercise There are many fun and exciting kinds of aerobic exercise. Find one that you like and keep it. It is healthy for the mind and the body.
9．People doing aerobic exercise can ________ according to Paragraph 1.
A．keep happier B．work better C．live longer D．stay stronger
10．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Americans get less aerobic exercise because of TV.
B．Americans are always worried about their work.
C．Doctors are more likely to feel tired and unhappy.
D．27 minutes on physical activities a day keeps Americans healthy.
11．Teachers and parents hope that P. E. classes can help kids ________.
A．learn useful sports skills B．get good results in tests
C．develop lifelong exercise hobbies D．think and act more quickly
12．What does the underlined word “promoted” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Dangerous. B．Popular. C．Personal. D．Traditional.
13．The writer wrote this passage to ________.
A．tell us what aerobic exercise is
B．describe different kinds of aerobic exercise
C．show studies about aerobic exercise
D．ask people to do more aerobic exercise
答案：9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D
【解析】本文主要讲述了有氧运动对健康的益处，并指出人们的运动量减少了，学校和公司正采取措施鼓励更多运动。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“people who often get aerobic exercise enjoy a life three to four years more than those who do not.”可知，经常做有氧运动的人比不做有氧运动的人多活三到四年。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了电视观看时间增加导致人们进行有氧运动的时间减少，医生担忧不运动会使人感到疲倦或不快乐。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“teachers and parents hope that their kids can learn good exercise habits when they are young, and keep them when they get older.”可知，老师和家长都希望他们的孩子从小就能养成良好的运动习惯，并在长大后保持这种习惯。故选C。
12．词句猜测题。根据第四段“many companies are now running sports programs, holding sports competitions”可知，现在很多公司都在经营体育项目，举办体育比赛。由此可知，有氧运动在工作中变得很受欢迎。故选B。
13．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了有氧运动对健康的益处，并指出人们的运动量减少了，学校和公司正采取措施鼓励更多运动。作者的目的是要求人们做更多有氧运动。故选D。
D
Like many other young boys, I didn’t know what I wanted to be when I was a middle school student. My mother advised me to be a teacher like her, but it seemed that was not interested in it. My father wanted me to be a pianist. However, I couldn’t stand spending all of my time in front of a piano.
I got my goal（目标）after I went to high school. I got a part-time job at the school radio station and I found it was interesting. I loved to discuss school life and my favorite music with my schoolmates on the radio. I kept doing this job during the next six years. When I left the university, I got full-time- job at our local（当地的）radio station. My career（事业）began. My program is successful and I have a lot of fans. I enjoy my job and my life now.
14．What did the writer’s mother do
A．A teacher. B．A pianist. C．A doctor. D．A scientist.
15．When did the writer start working at a radio station
A．When he was ten years old. B．When he was a high school student.
C．When he studied at university. D．After he left the university.
16．What did the writer talk about on the radio
A．School news. B．Famous films. C．School life. D．Famous people.
17．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The writer was interested in teaching. B．The writer couldn’t play the piano.
C．The writer often interviews（采访）stars. D．The writer’s program is very popular now.
18．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Never listen to your parents B．Study hard at school
C．No job is easy to get D．The part-time job helped me find my career
答案：14．A 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了父母建议作者从事的工作，作者自己不感兴趣。而进入高中以后的兼职工作为作者以后的工作打下了基础，现在作者很喜欢自己的这份工作。
14．细节理解题。根据文中“My mother advised me to be teacher like her.”可知，作者的妈妈是一名的老师。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据文中“I got my goal after I went to high school. I got a part-time job at the school radio station and I found it was interesting.”可知，当作者还是一名高中生的时候，他在一家广播电台干兼职工作。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文中“I loved to discuss school life and my favorite music with my schoolmates on the radio.”可知，作者在广播里谈论的是校园生活。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据文中“My program is successful and I have lot of fans.”可推理出，作者的节目现在很受欢迎。故选D。
18．最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要讲述了父母建议作者从事的工作，作者自己不感兴趣。而进入高中以后的兼职工作为作者以后的工作打下了基础，现在作者很喜欢自己的这份工作。故文章的最佳标题应是“兼职工作帮助我找到了职业”。故选D。
E
Nowadays, there are more and more TV talent shows. They are very popular all over China. These talent shows give everyone a chance to show off their talents. For some lucky people, these shows may make them famous, and can even make them rich. However, there are also many bad sides. First, some young people just imitate(模仿)the people they love. They may forget about their own style. Second, young people spend too much time on such TV shows. They always dream of being a star, so they spend less time on their studies.
I think TV talent shows are social activities. Young people can join in these activities to get social experience. But they should know that the chance of being famous is very small for most people and they should know that their schoolwork is much more important. In a word, you can do what you like, but you should know what is important and what is not.
19．Young people always dream of _________.
A．being a writer B．being a teacher C．being an actor D．being a star
20．How many bad sides of TV talent shows in this passage
A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One.
21．What does the writer think of TV talent shows
A．Social activities. B．Famous clubs.
C．Popular shows D．School activities.
22．What does the writer think is more important for young people
A．Social experience. B．Schoolwork.
C．Their dreams. D．Their talents.
23．Which of the following is RIGHT
A．These shows can make everyone famous.
B．Some young people spend more time on their studies.
C．In China, TV talent shows are very popular.
D．These shows only have good sides.
答案：19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．C
【解析】本文介绍了电视选秀节目的好与坏，以及作者的观点。
19．细节理解题。根据“They always dream of being a star,”可知，年轻人总是梦想成为明星，故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“First, some young people just imitate (模仿) the people they love. They may forget about their own style. Second, young people spend too much time on such TV shows.”可知，本文介绍了电视选秀节目有两个坏的方面，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“I think TV talent shows are social activities.”可知，作者认为电视选秀节目是社交活动，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“…they should know that their schoolwork is much more important. ”可知，对年轻人来说学业更重要。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据“Nowadays, there are more and more TV talent shows. They are very popular all over China.”可知，电视选秀节目在中国非常受欢迎，故选C。
解题技巧
真题提升专项练习中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
题型过关第 3讲 阅读理解（技巧+真题）
解题技巧
一、高瞻远瞩 把脉命题特点
（一）阅读理解考纲解读
参照《义务教育英语课程标准》的要求，其对阅读阅读的目标要求如下：
1．能连贯、流畅地朗读课文。
2．能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为。
3．能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意。
4．能根据上下文猜测生词的意思。
5．能理解并解释图表提供的信息。
6．能读懂简单的个人信件、说明文等应用文体材料
7．能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解。
8．课外阅读量应累计达到 10万词以上。
（二）阅读理解命题特点
题材 话题多样，内容丰富。涉及日常生活、文化、科技、风土人情、社会热点及自
然等。
体裁 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。其中应用文的范畴较广，
分为广告、图表及邮件等。
题量 题量大，分值高。在中考试卷中，篇目约为 4-6篇。以山东中考为例，常规阅
读理解有 4篇，共 15小题，30分；任务型阅读理解有 1篇，共 5小题，10分。它
们约占总分的 34％。
题型 以选择题为主，但也会因各地试卷结构的不同而出现一些其他题型，如回答问
题、还原句子、完成表格信息及句子改写等。
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
难度 报纸、杂志及网络为阅读理解的选材提供了丰富的资源，其丰富的词汇、多样
化的表达方式及命题技巧的提高使题目的难度有所增加。
俗话说：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。了解阅读理解的题材范围和不同体裁的特点有助于我们洞悉文章真
谛。
“题材”-初中英语阅读理解的话题项目有
个人情况，家庭、朋友与周围的人，周围的环境，日常活动，学校，个人兴趣，情感与情绪，人际
交往，计划与安排，节假日活动，购物，饮食，卫生与健康，安全与救护，天气，文娱与体育，旅游与
交通，通讯，语言学习，自然，世界与环境，科普知识与现代技术，历史与社会，故事与诗歌，“体裁”
不同的文体及特点如下：
1．记叙文
一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由时间贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试
中一般不出现单纯的记叙文，因为单纯的记叙文比较简单、易懂。所以水平测试中的记叙文大多是夹叙
夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构是：
（1）一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历（话题）
（2）叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现
（3）叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现
（4）做出总结或结论。
2．说明文
是对事物的性质、特征、成因等加以说明和解释的一种文体，目的是教给人科学的知识和科学地认
识事物的方法。
为了使说明的对象更清楚明白，让读者对事物留下深刻的印象，写说明文时首先要抓住说明对象的
特征，其次要恰当地安排说明的顺序。
对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘、生物生存背景和产品工艺原理，多为
解释性、定义性、说明性长句，因此阅读科普说明文时一定要保持冷静，借助句法结构来理解句意
3．应用文
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
最基本特点就是“用”。应用文有着它特定的语言特征，主要有以下三个特点：
（1）语言格式规范
（2）语言严谨准确
（3）语言风格平实质朴却清楚简洁
4．议论文
最常见的议论模式是“主张←→反主张”。作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观
点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定
了它的主要题型是观点态度题、主旨大意题以及推理判断题。
此类文章的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者观点态度型、
结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识型、是非型等
三、拨开迷雾 探索解题策略
（一）解题步骤
1．认真审题，读懂题意。
由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，
做到心中有数。对于选择性题目，要注意寻读文章中的有效信息，提炼出关键内容，对号入座。
2．快速阅读，掌握大意。
在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。
3．细读题目，完成任务。
在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出题干所包括的信息部分，
这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答案的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要
确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。
4．复读文章，核实任务。
初步完成所要求的任务后，必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文，结合题意、文中和文后提供的任务信息，
认真核实任务以保证答案正确。
5．读写结合，验证答案。
任务型阅读不仅考查阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给
题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。最
后，再次核对答案与短文内容是否相符
（二）设题分析
不管是记叙文、说明文、应用文还是议论文，从设题角度看，一共有如下四类：
1．细节理解题
此类题目大多是针对文章的细节设计的，是阅读中最基本的题目，一般每篇文章中会出现 1-3个。题
目形式一般分为：（1）考查文章中的时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、方式（how）、原
因（why）等信息。（2）对文章中事实的真假的辨析，常以Which of the following is TRUE according to this
passage？ 为主要设题形式。
这类试题的答案大多都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字描述，可以是原文中的一个句子，也可能
是若干个句子。但大多数题目是以不同于原句的方式出现的，其答案也需要借助于同义句或同义词来获
得。
解题技巧
（1）明确题目，顺藤摸瓜。（2）按照提示，寻找答案来源。（3）找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。
（4）推敲难题，正确使用排除法。
2．推理判断题
推理判断题的命题一般是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据让我们进行推理，做出判断。这种
推理方式较直接，只需要一处细节就可以结合常识推测出答案，这是八年级阅读理解中常见的推理判断
题。还有一种是题干中未直接提出“需推理”字样，但只有通过推断文章某一部分内容的言外之意才可得出
答案。
推理判断题一般为：From the passage we can infer that...This passage may be from...此类题属于高难度
题，它要求我们通过表面的文字叙述“读出”隐藏在字里行间的深层含义，捕捉作者提供的暗示，追踪作者
写作时的发展思路，从而悟出作者的言外之意。
解题技巧
（1）整合全文（段）信息进行推断。（2）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。（3）根据文章的结论
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
推断作者的态度。（4）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
3．词义猜测题
通常是猜测某个画线部分的词或短语的含义。通过上下文或构词法等可以推测出画线部分的词义。
常见的设题方式有：（1）Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word (2) The
underlined word in the...paragraph means (refers to)... (3) According to the passage,...probably means... (4)The
writer uses the word...to mean...
解题技巧
（1）根据定义猜测词义。（2）根据举例猜测词义。（3）根据因果关系猜测词义。（4）根据说明、
并列、同义、近义、反义等关系猜测词义
4．主旨大意题
主旨大意题命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、标题和写作目的。常见的
设题方式是：What＇s the main idea of the passage？ What＇s the best title for this passage
解题技巧
（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题。（2）重视首尾句。文章首尾或各段的开头
往往隐含着主题句。（3）概括、归纳中心思想。阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，再将中心思
想加以提炼，拟定标题。
真题提升专项练习
一、阅读理解
A
May Day is coming. Why not go to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Enjoy yourself and learn
about science and technology. It’ s really amazing.
Visiting eleven theme pavilions.
Activities Watching films in four different kinds of hi-tech cinemas. 4-D films, for example.
Learning about great scientists by visiting the art gallery. Tying interesting experiments.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Time 9:00-17:15 from Tuesday to Sunday and all the national legal holidays.
60 yuan for adults (full price).
75 percent of the full price for students.
Ticket Free for people over 70 and kids under 1.3 meters.
(You can book the tickets on different websites such as Lvmama, Nuomi and Dazhongdianping and
so on or you can buy the ticket in the ticket office.)
Location 2000 Century Avenue.
1．What can’ t visitors do in the museum
A．Try interesting experiments. B．Watch 4-D films. C．Visit twelve theme pavilions.
D．Visit the art gallery.
2．How much money should you pay for the tickets if your parents take you to Shanghai Science and Technology
Museum on May Day
A．180 yuan. B．165 yuan. C．135 yuan. D．130 yuan.
3．How many ways can visitors get the tickets according to the passage
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
答案：1．C 2．B 3．A
【解析】本文讲述了五一节快要到了，为什么不去上海科技馆呢？介绍了上海科技馆的开放时间、费用
和地址等。
1．细节理解题。根据“ Visiting eleven theme pavilions.”可知，参观者可以参观 11个主题馆，不是 12个。
故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据“ 60 yuan for adults (full price). 75 percent of the full price for students. Free for people
over 70 and kids under 1.3 meters.”可知，如果你的父母在五一带你去科技馆的话，需要
60+60+60×75%=165。故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据“You can book the tickets on different websites such as Lvmama, Nuomi and
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Dazhongdianping and so on or you can buy the ticket in the ticket office.”可知，游客可以通过在网上订票和在
售票处买票这 2种方式获得门票。故选 A。
B
If parents want their children to have healthy eating habits, they should ask their children to learn to cook.
When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and cooking skills. A school in Liverpool
found that more children ate fruit and vegetables after taking cooking classes. The school also found that joining
the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s lifestyles and desire for food.
So let children learn to cook and have some cooking classes at school. In the United Kingdom, many
schools have cooking classes for students aged 12 to 16. They get three hours’ classes before practicing cooking.
Since 2007, a program called Let’s Get Cooking has helped more than 1.7 million children improve their cooking
skills through more than 5,000 school cooking clubs.
A few days ago, the program did a survey (调查) among 2,500 members. It showed that 92% of them used
their new skills at home and more than half said they ate more healthily after they learned to cook.
4．What is the main idea of the first passage
A．The advantages (好处) of learning to cook. B．How to learn to cook.
C．When to learn to cook. D．Where to learn to cook.
5．What does the underlined word “desire” probably mean
A．Fun. B．Talent. C．Care. D．Wish.
6．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．Many children learn cooking in their after-school program.
B．Children must learn cooking at home.
C．Cooking is a subject for students in the UK.
D．The program teach children to improve their cooking skills.
7．What does the survey tell us according to the last paragraph
A．The cooking program is helpful. B．The cooking program is useless.
C．The cooking program is boring. D．The cooking program is hard for children.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
8．What does the writer really want to tell us in the passage
A．How to improve cooking skills. B．A new way to improve children’s eating habits.
C．When to take cooking classes. D．Where to learn to cook healthy and deliciously.
答案：4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了父母如果想让孩子们有健康的饮食习惯，有一个好方法，就是
让孩子们学习做饭。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ A school in Liverpool found that more children ate fruit and vegetables after
taking cooking classes. The school also found that joining the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s
lifestyles and desire for food.”可知，该段是讲烹饪课所带来的好处。故选 A。
5．词句猜测题。根据文中的句子“When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and
cooking skills. ”以及“The school also found that joining the cooking clubs could improve (改进) children’s
lifestyles and desire for food.”可知，加入烹饪俱乐部可以改善孩子们的生活方式和对食物的渴望，所以划
线单词“desire”的意思和“wish希望”相近。故选 D。
6．推理判断题。根据“In the United Kingdom, many schools have cooking classes for students aged 12 to 16.”
可知，这烹饪课是英国学生的一门课程。故选 C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It showed that 92% of them used their new skills at home and more than half
said they ate more healthily after they learned to cook.”可知，本段主要告诉我们烹饪对我们的健康是有帮助
的，故选 A。
8．主旨大意题。结合“If parents want their children to have healthy eating habits, they should ask their children
to learn to cook. When children learn to cook, they can know more about healthy food and cooking skills.”和“It
showed that 92% of them used their new skills at home and more than half said they ate more healthily after they
learned to cook.”可知，本文主要讲一种改善儿童饮食习惯的新方法。故选 B。
C
Do you like aerobic (有氧的) exercise such as running, biking or swimming Aerobic exercise is good for
our health. For example, people who often get aerobic exercise enjoy a life three to four years more than those
who do not.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
People get less aerobic exercise than ever before. One of the reasons is television. In the United States, for
example, people watch four hours of TV a day, but only spend 27 minutes doing exercise! A lot of doctors are
worried about that and they say people who do not exercise are more possible to be tired or unhappy.
Schools are trying to solve (解决) this problem. They have two or three more PE classes in a week. In P.E.
classes teachers teach students how to play, eat and exercise. Through the subject, teachers and parents hope that
their kids can learn good exercise habits when they are young, and keep them when they get older.
Aerobic exercise is now getting promoted at work. A lot of companies (公司) have found people are more
quick-minded and creative in their jobs if they often get aerobic exercise. For this reason, many companies are
now running sports programs, holding sports competitions, etc.
How do you exercise There are many fun and exciting kinds of aerobic exercise. Find one that you like
and keep it. It is healthy for the mind and the body.
9．People doing aerobic exercise can ________ according to Paragraph 1.
A．keep happier B．work better C．live longer D．stay stronger
10．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Americans get less aerobic exercise because of TV.
B．Americans are always worried about their work.
C．Doctors are more likely to feel tired and unhappy.
D．27 minutes on physical activities a day keeps Americans healthy.
11．Teachers and parents hope that P. E. classes can help kids ________.
A．learn useful sports skills B．get good results in tests
C．develop lifelong exercise hobbies D．think and act more quickly
12．What does the underlined word “promoted” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Dangerous. B．Popular. C．Personal. D．Traditional.
13．The writer wrote this passage to ________.
A．tell us what aerobic exercise is
B．describe different kinds of aerobic exercise
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
C．show studies about aerobic exercise
D．ask people to do more aerobic exercise
答案：9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D
【解析】本文主要讲述了有氧运动对健康的益处，并指出人们的运动量减少了，学校和公司正采取措施
鼓励更多运动。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“people who often get aerobic exercise enjoy a life three to four years more than
those who do not.”可知，经常做有氧运动的人比不做有氧运动的人多活三到四年。故选 C。
10．主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了电视观看时间增加导致人们进行有氧运动的时间减少，
医生担忧不运动会使人感到疲倦或不快乐。故选 A。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“teachers and parents hope that their kids can learn good exercise habits when they
are young, and keep them when they get older.”可知，老师和家长都希望他们的孩子从小就能养成良好的运
动习惯，并在长大后保持这种习惯。故选 C。
12．词句猜测题。根据第四段“many companies are now running sports programs, holding sports competitions”
可知，现在很多公司都在经营体育项目，举办体育比赛。由此可知，有氧运动在工作中变得很受欢迎。
故选 B。
13．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了有氧运动对健康的益处，并指出人们的运动量减少了，
学校和公司正采取措施鼓励更多运动。作者的目的是要求人们做更多有氧运动。故选 D。
D
Like many other young boys, I didn’t know what I wanted to be when I was a middle school student. My
mother advised me to be a teacher like her, but it seemed that was not interested in it. My father wanted me to be
a pianist. However, I couldn’t stand spending all of my time in front of a piano.
I got my goal（目标）after I went to high school. I got a part-time job at the school radio station and I found
it was interesting. I loved to discuss school life and my favorite music with my schoolmates on the radio. I kept
doing this job during the next six years. When I left the university, I got full-time- job at our loca（l 当地的）radio
station. My career（事业）began. My program is successful and I have a lot of fans. I enjoy my job and my life
now.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
14．What did the writer’s mother do
A．A teacher. B．A pianist. C．A doctor. D．A scientist.
15．When did the writer start working at a radio station
A．When he was ten years old. B．When he was a high school student.
C．When he studied at university. D．After he left the university.
16．What did the writer talk about on the radio
A．School news. B．Famous films. C．School life. D．Famous people.
17．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The writer was interested in teaching. B．The writer couldn’t play the piano.
C．The writer often interviews（采访）stars. D．The writer’s program is very popular now.
18．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Never listen to your parents B．Study hard at school
C．No job is easy to get D．The part-time job helped me find my career
答案：14．A 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了父母建议作者从事的工作，作者自己不感兴趣。而进入高
中以后的兼职工作为作者以后的工作打下了基础，现在作者很喜欢自己的这份工作。
14．细节理解题。根据文中“My mother advised me to be teacher like her.”可知，作者的妈妈是一名的老师。
故选 A。
15．细节理解题。根据文中“I got my goal after I went to high school. I got a part-time job at the school radio
station and I found it was interesting.”可知，当作者还是一名高中生的时候，他在一家广播电台干兼职工作。
故选 B。
16．细节理解题。根据文中“I loved to discuss school life and my favorite music with my schoolmates on the
radio.”可知，作者在广播里谈论的是校园生活。故选 C。
17．推理判断题。根据文中“My program is successful and I have lot of fans.”可推理出，作者的节目现在很
受欢迎。故选 D。
18．最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要讲述了父母建议作者从事的工作，作者自己不感兴趣。而进入
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中以后的兼职工作为作者以后的工作打下了基础，现在作者很喜欢自己的这份工作。故文章的最佳标
题应是“兼职工作帮助我找到了职业”。故选 D。
E
Nowadays, there are more and more TV talent shows. They are very popular all over China. These talent
shows give everyone a chance to show off their talents. For some lucky people, these shows may make them
famous, and can even make them rich. However, there are also many bad sides. First, some young people just
imitate(模仿)the people they love. They may forget about their own style. Second, young people spend too much
time on such TV shows. They always dream of being a star, so they spend less time on their studies.
I think TV talent shows are social activities. Young people can join in these activities to get social
experience. But they should know that the chance of being famous is very small for most people and they should
know that their schoolwork is much more important. In a word, you can do what you like, but you should know
what is important and what is not.
19．Young people always dream of _________.
A．being a writer B．being a teacher C．being an actor D．being a star
20．How many bad sides of TV talent shows in this passage
A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One.
21．What does the writer think of TV talent shows
A．Social activities. B．Famous clubs.
C．Popular shows D．School activities.
22．What does the writer think is more important for young people
A．Social experience. B．Schoolwork.
C．Their dreams. D．Their talents.
23．Which of the following is RIGHT
A．These shows can make everyone famous.
B．Some young people spend more time on their studies.
C．In China, TV talent shows are very popular.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
D．These shows only have good sides.
答案：19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．C
【解析】本文介绍了电视选秀节目的好与坏，以及作者的观点。
19．细节理解题。根据“They always dream of being a star,”可知，年轻人总是梦想成为明星，故选 D。
20．推理判断题。根据“First, some young people just imitate (模仿) the people they love. They may forget about
their own style. Second, young people spend too much time on such TV shows.”可知，本文介绍了电视选秀节
目有两个坏的方面，故选 C。
21．细节理解题。根据“I think TV talent shows are social activities.”可知，作者认为电视选秀节目是社交活
动，故选 A。
22．细节理解题。根据“…they should know that their schoolwork is much more important. ”可知，对年轻人
来说学业更重要。故选 B。
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
23．推理判断题。根据“Nowadays, there are more and more TV talent shows. They are very popular all over
China.”可知，电视选秀节目在中国非常受欢迎，故选 C。
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