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课题：B2U3 Discovering useful structures
课型：Grammar 课时：2
重难点：key words：in shape, press, track, account
sentence pattern：present perfect passive voice
教学目标：1. Analyze the forms and features of the present perfect passive voice.
2. Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.
3. Master the functions of the present perfect passive voice in the context and use it in real situations.
Presentation: new words
function
(n.) 功能 eg: This is a new smart phone with more functions in it.
(v.) 运转，起作用 [function well]
eg: The sofa can function as a bed.
[function as =serve as 作为…起作用，充当]
functional (adj.) 实用的，功能的
battery (n.) 电池 batteries
eg: The battery is low. It’s time to charge（充电） the battery.
confirm (v.) 确认
eg: confirm your identity/ password确认你的身份/密码
—— You are supposed to confirm your password.
Your password has been confirmed.（现在完成时的被动语态）
press (v.) 按压 eg: press the button按按钮
pressure (n.) 压力 [under pressure处于压力之中]
{impress—impression印象 make an impression to sb.
express—expression 表情/表达}
file (n.) 文件，文档，文件夹
document [copy a file复制文档 / stick a file粘贴文档]
in shape状况良好——out of shape状况不好
(in the shape of …的形状 eg: I got a cake in the shape of a heart.)
eg: Keeping a balanced diet and exercising regularly can help you keep in shape.
keep track of 了解…动态，追踪…动态, 与…保持联系
eg: keep track of our steps 记录步数
We can keep track of our friends through the Internet.
lose track of 失去对…的了解
discount (v./n.) 打折，折扣
Eg: Some apps can help us get discounts.
The battery is sold at a discount. —— at a 10% discount 打九折
[count (v.) 数数/ 重要=matter]
a6ccount
(n.) 账户 open an account 开一个账户 / close an account 结清/注销一个账户
log an account 登陆一个账户/ register an account 注册一个账户
an account number / password 账号/ 账户密码
(n.) 描述 = description / explanation
an account of 一个对…的描述
eg: give a detailed account of this accident
on account of 由于，因为 = due to/ owing to/ because of/ thanks to
eg: He was late on account of the bad weather. 因为那糟糕的天气，他迟到了。
On no account 决不 （作状语位于句首，后面的主句要进行半倒装）
Eg: We will give up on no account. = On no account, will we give up.
take…. into account/ consideration 把…考虑在内
eg: We should take the weather into account/ consideration.
account (v.)
account for 解释说明
eg: The bad weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
占比 eg: It is said that girls account for 80% in that class.
Practice: grammar
Step1
The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时
Review the present perfect tense and lead to its passive voice.
现在完成时：主语 + have/has + done (V-过去分词)
被动语态：be + done (V-过去分词)
现在完成时的被动语态：主语 + have/has + been + done (V-过去分词)
Finish activity1 on page30, and find out the structure of this grammar.
现在完成时的被动语态结构:
肯定式：have/has + been + v-ed
否定式：have/has + not + been + v-ed
一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+ been +v-ed
特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has +been+ v-ed
Step2
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already 已经(肯定句) yet 已经（否定句或者疑问句）
recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经
so far/ up to now/ till now/ until now 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
Examples:
The letter has been posted already. / Many houses have been built for the poor so far.
用法1:被动动作发生在过去,已经完成, 对现在造成影响或产生结果。(already, yet, so far, by now)
The machine has been repaired for two hours but it still doesn’t work. /
Paper money has been used for over 50 years.
用法2:被动动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。(for+一段时间; since)
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
Everyone will feel extremely delighted if he has been admitted to this university.
用法3:在时间/条件状语从句中表示可能还没有发生的被动动作,用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. (Activity2 on page30)
Exercises:
We have done a lot of work on it, but we have not finished (finish) yet.
Tom has worked (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
More public transport has been built (build) in China by now, making it easier for people to travel.
I have been shown (show) around the Water Cube for many times since it was built.
Progress has been (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
No agreement（协议）was reached (reach) yesterday after many rounds of talks.
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached (reach) so far by the two sides.

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