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题型过关第 3讲 阅读理解（技巧+真题）
解题技巧
阅读理解“三步定位法”
第一步 看题干，定位题干关键词。
先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。
第二步 读文章，一次定位找原文。
带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中
形成篇章结构图。
第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案。
细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答
案。
解题要点：
1）分门别类识别文体
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结
果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；
议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握
文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人
简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读
应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
2）统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关
系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这
些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
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在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中
直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于
检查时节省时间。
3开动脑筋推测词意
初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典
读懂含有 3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学
生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方
法完成内化过程：
（1）根据上下文猜测词意。
（2）根据构词法猜测词意。
前缀 un-表反义词，如 happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant
等。
后缀- ment表名词，如 develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument
等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如 calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、
lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。
4）用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and
hydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解 Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon
dioxide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外
之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题， Then they came to the second
picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he
touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!” 据此
可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
5）条分缕析理解长句
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长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结
构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出
修饰它的从句或短语等。
如，Parents whose children show a special interest in a particular sport have a
difficult decision to make about their children's career.
先找出本句的主、谓、宾为 Parents have a decision.
再 找出修饰语Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport为
Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰 decision，to make about their children's careers
为不定式做 decision的定语。
经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。
设题及解题方法：
1.细节理解题
多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对文章具体事实和细
节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分
值的 60%～85%。常见的设题方式有：用 what, where, which, why, who, how等疑
问词进行提问；用 according to...开头，后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结
构或系表结构等方式设题；
以...because的提问方式设题等。
解答这类题要学会以下技巧：
(1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；
(2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；
(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点
2.推理判断题
一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部分的观点、态度
的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的
设题方式有：
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(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that...
(2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that...
(3)The sentence/paragraph/passage implies that...
(4)By saying..., the author means...
(5)What can we infer from the...
(6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests...
(7)From the second example we can infer that...
(8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that...
3．词义猜测题
该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题
时可结合上下文的文意和逻辑关系进行推测。
4.主旨大意题
考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：(1)What is the
main idea/subject/topic of the passage
(2)The author is mainly concerned with...
(3)What does the passage mainly discuss
(4)The passage is mainly about...
(5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：
(1)有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的主题；
(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；
(3)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因为做完其他题
目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；
(4)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的
名词或动词。
5．数字推算题
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要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。
真题提升专项练习
A
（22-23九年级上·广东江门·期中）In Western countries, collecting Barbie Dolls(芭比娃娃)
is a popular hobby for girls. Many of them collect Barbie Dolls for fun. A Barbie Doll looks like a
teenager. Girls can buy clothes for her. They can also buy a house and a car for her. Girls can
collect all the things about Barbie.
Barbie Dolls were first made in 1959 by an American toy company. Now, they have become
the most popular toys in the world. At first, Barbie Dolls just had blonde (金黄色的) hair, and
were Americans. Now they look like people from all over the world. There is an Indian Barbie, a
French Barbie and a Chinese Barbie! And Barbie Dolls have over 108 careers. She can be a doctor,
a policewoman, a lawyer, or a teacher.
I spent many hours playing with Barbie Dolls when I was a child. And now my daughter has
all kinds of Barbie Dolls. She also has a great time playing with her Barbie Dolls.
1．Barbie Dolls are popular with ________ according to the passage.
A．boys B．girls C．men D．women
2．Barbie Dolls had a history of ________ years by 2018.
A．40 B．41 C．51 D．59
3．At first, Barbie Dolls were ________ girls.
A．Chinese B．French C．Indian D．American
4．The underlined word “careers”means“________”in Chinese.
A．朋友 B．兴趣 C．职业 D．种类
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Barbie Dolls can be found only in America. B．Many people collect Barbie Dolls for money.
C．Barbie Dolls were made in India at first. D．The writer’s daughter likes Barbie Dolls.
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B
（15-16九年级上·浙江温州·阶段练习）Good evening and welcome to World Views. Earlier in
the day, we spoke to three different people about family traditions. Here’s what they said.
① Christmas presents
One of our traditions is to do with Christmas presents. Most people open their presents in the
morning, but we open ours in the late afternoon after Christmas lunch. It’s really nice to do so
because opening the presents in the morning makes the rest of the day, you know, it’s boring. Well,
that’s what we think.
② Birthday cakes
One tradition we have is to do with birthdays, all our birthday cakes have to be carrot cakes. My
dad has to make the cake. He even has to make the cake for his own birthday! Perhaps it’s because
my mum doesn’t like other tastes cakes. And the funny thing is, we never have carrot cakes at any
other time-only birthdays.
③ Special day
We had a tradition in our family for the last day of the summer holidays. The day before we had to
go back to school, mum and dad would always take us out for the day. In the morning, we’d get
up early and go for a long walk. Next, we’d go for lunch in our favorite restaurant. Then, to the
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cinema to see a film. Finally, home, where we’d play games. It made going back to school so
much better.
6．In the first family, when do they open the Christmas presents
A．In the morning B．In the afternoon
C．In the evening D．At night
7．In the second family, who makes the carrot cakes for everyone’s birthday
A．Dad B．Mum C．Kids D．Grandmother
8．Which day is a special day for the third family
A．Christmas Day
B．Dad’s birthday
C．The last day of the summer holiday
D．The first day of the summer holiday
C
（16-17九年级·全国·单元测试）In June, three students from the same high school in
Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade
show in the United States.
One of them is Wang Yujie. Her invention can control the oxygen level itself in pools day
and night. Usually, fish keepers increase oxygen in fish pools by hand, and it’s hard work, but
now they can save a lot of strength.
Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an
in-car system(系统). The third winner’s invention could be used more widely. Zhong Juncheng
told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant
experience at a service center on the expressway(高速路)when his father took him back to his
home province Fujian during a summer vacation about a year ago. ＂I found some toilets had no
water and had a terrible smell. I thought I should invent something.＂ he said. ＂It’s great to win
the medal,＂ he said. ＂I hope one day my invention can develop into a product and serve more
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people.＂
Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made ＂life and
invention＂ a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700
inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes in China. He Jianming, the school head,
said. ＂The inventing program helps students become active and creative in thinking.＂
9．The three students who won gold medals are from ___________.
A．the different schools B．the same school
C．the different classes. D．the same class
10．We can learn that the service center on the express way to Zhong Juncheng’s hometown had a
really_____ condition.
A．simple B．poor C．comfortable D．excellent
11．___________ invention is used in a car.
A．Wang Yujie’s B．Xue Jigang’s
C．Zhong Juncheng’s D．He Jianming’s
12．Which of the following is TRUE about the three inventors
A．Xue Jigang’s invention is useful for fish keepers.
B．Wang Yujie is in Grade Two in Wujiashan High School.
C．Zhong Juncheng’s hometown is in Hubei Province.
D．Zhong Juncheng’s invention helps a lot in the bathroom.
13．We can learn from the last paragraph that the inventing program in the school .
A．is a great success B．is famous in the world now
C．has been on for twenty years D．helps to change students’ life
D
（21-22九年级上·浙江·阶段练习）
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Researchers have developed paper that can be printed with UV light, free from the need for
ink. People can clear the information away on the light-printable paper by heating it to 120℃ and
it can be reused more than 80 times.
The research was carried out in order to reduce the effects of paper production. People just
cut down too large amounts of trees every year to produce paper, which would destroy forests one
day. That does harm to the environment. If people use the light-printable paper instead of paper
they use now, the situation may be changed. The researchers, from Shandong University in China
and the University of California, Riverside, said that the secret behind the technology is a
color-changing chemical. A thin coating of the chemical can be used on usual paper and turn it
into a reusable, light-printable one. Heating the paper for 10 minutes can help clear the
information away more quickly.
Professor Yadong Yin, a chemistry professor at the University of California and a co-author
of the study, said, “The greatest importance of our work is the development of a new technology
to produce an ink-free rewritable paper that has the same feel and appearance as usual paper.”
Their work is believed to have great economic and environmental influences on the modern
society. Paper production has a bad influence on the environment. It’s the main reason to cause the
industrial pollution, paper which is thrown away by people makes up about 40% of landfills where
waste is buried under the ground.
It is said that light-printable paper will be inexpensive in the future. The printing process is
also more cost-effective than the usual one because no ink is needed. Most importantly, it can be
reused many times, which greatly reduces the cost.
14．Light-printable paper is a kind of paper that can be ________.
A．printed with any light B．changed by the colorful chemical
C．written on without ink D．cleared by heating to high temperature
15．The underlined word “it” refer to ________.
A．usual ink B．usual paper C．the chemical D．the technology
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16．Why did researchers do the research in the passage
A．To make money by selling the paper. B．To develop chemical technology.
C．To make people interested in writing. D．To stop people cutting down more trees.
17．According to Professor Yadong Yin, the most important work is that ________.
A．the rewritable paper looks the same as the usual paper
B．our environment will be influenced by the rewritable paper
C．the research will make a difference to our economic development
D．people have realized the wasted paper is the most serious pollution
E
（17-18九年级·全国·单元测试）Monkeys are clever and lively, but they are naughty and greedy
(贪婪的) as well. Whenver they find delicious food, they will eat enough. What’s more, they will
take it when they leave. They have suffered (吃亏) a lot because of this. But they never change
this way.
In India, people use monkey’s greed to catch them. Do you know how they can catch monkeys
Here are some instructions.
◆ Make a hole in a big pumpkin (南瓜). The hole must be just right ----neither too big nor too
small.
◆ Put some jujubes (枣) in the hole.
◆ Leave the pumpkin under a tree. Make sure there are some monkeys in the tree.
◆ Hide yourself and watch the monkeys.
As soon you leave, the monkeys can’t wait to come down to the pumpkin. When they find a hole
in the pumpkin, they don’t know what’s in it and one of them can't help putting its hand into the
hole to find what on earth there is. When it touches the jujubes, it will clench (攥紧) some of them
in its hand. As a result, it isn’t able to take its fist (拳) out of the hole. You can’t come close until
this time. Will the monkey drop off the pumpkin Don’t worry. It prefers the pumpkin than its life.
It will run with the pumpkin, clenching its fist more tightly. In the end, it is caught helplessly.
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18．Monkeys haven’t changed their way of doing with nice food because they are .
A．clever B．lively C．greedy D．naughty
19．“The hole must be just right” means it is .
A．big enough for the monkey to put its hand in
B．smaller than a monkey’s hand
C．bigger than a monkey’s fist
D．bigger than a monkey’s hand but smaller than its fist
20．Seeing the hole in the pumpkin, a monkey will .
A．be interested in B．be afraid of
C．run away at once D．take the pumpkin away in arms
21．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Indians often catch the monkeys in this way.
B．sometimes monkeys are stupid.
C．as soon as the monkeys comes to the pumpkin, you can rush to catch it.
D．In India,monkeys like pumpkins every much.
22．What should we learn from the passage
A．We should catch monkeys in this way.
B．One mustn’t be greedy.
C．We should protect monkeys.
D．Come up with another way to catch monkeys.
F
（24-25九年级上·吉林·阶段练习）①A smartphone is a phone that combines (合并)
things like a phone, clock, camera and computer into one small device (装置). It can make calls
like a phone, but it can also access the Internet. Using the Internet, smartphones can play music,
take pictures and videos, and check the weather in cities all around the world. But how did the age
of smartphones begin
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②In`1992, the company IBM created the first smartphone. It was a phone that included a
program for writing notes to remember things. It also had a program for showing people dates and
times of planned events. This early smartphone could send emails as well. However, this phone
never became very popular. For one thing, it was too expensive for many people.
③Other companies then started to work on new phone technology. Companies such as
Nokia and Ericsson next introduced their smartphones to the market. In fact, it was the Ericsson
company that created the word “smartphone” in 1997. However, these smartphones also achieved
little success.
④In 1999, the Blackberry was introduced. This was the first smartphone that was widely
used by phone users. The Blackberry was a phone with a keyboard that made it easy to use the
Internet and send text messages and emails. The Blackberry was popular with people working in
business or in technology. But common phone users still didn’t buy many of them.
⑤In 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone. Not long after that, in 2008, Google introduced the
Android phone to the world. These new smartphones from Apple and Google were marketed to all
phone users. The goal was to make the smartphone easy to use and something everyone would
want. Just as hoped, less than 10 years later, there were over 2 billion smartphone users. Not only
is it safe to say that smartphones are taking over the world, but there will soon be a time when
people can’t remember when phones only made calls.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
23．What does the underlined word “access” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Connect to. B．Take in. C．Check out. D．Turn off.
24．Which is NOT the good point of the first smartphone
A．It didn’t cost people too much.
B．People could send emails with it.
C．It could show people dates and times of planned events.
D．It helped people remember things by writing notes with a program.
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25．Which company invented the word “smartphone”
A．Nokia. B．Ericsson. C．Blackberry. D．Apple.
26．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．The inventors of smartphones. B．The development of smartphones.
C．The future of smartphones. D．The popularity of smartphones.
G
（21-22九年级上·四川眉山·期中）John Smith is an exchange student from New York.
Here is a letter to his friend in his hometown.
Dear David,
How time flies! It’s been 3 months since I came to China. I’m having a great time on my
student exchange program here. So far, I’ve completely got used to the life here and have known a
lot about traditional Chinese culture. I’d like to share some with you.
In China, there are many different kinds of traditional art forms, such as paper cutting,
Chinese clay art and so on. Among them, the kite interests me most. The first ancient Chinese kite
appeared more than 2,000 years ago. Then flying kites was spread into Japan, Korea and Malaysia
during the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Kites are regarded as the earliest craft (飞行器).
They played an important role in the process of inventing the plane.
Tea culture is important in China. Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about
5,000 years ago. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th
centuries. It didn’t appear in England until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western
countries took place in the 19th century. Now tea has become one of the most popular drinks
around the world.
Lastly, I’d like to tell you something about one of the traditional Chinese festivals — the
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Mid-Autumn Festival. It is on the fifteenth day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar
(阴历). Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes
for centuries.
If you’d like to know more about traditional Chinese culture, I will talk about it in the next
letter.
Best wishes!
Y
ours,
John
28．From this passage, we know that John Smith is from _________.
A．Canada B．the US C．the UK D．France
29．Which of the following isn’t a traditional Chinese art form
A．Paper cutting. B．Chinese clay art. C．The kite. D．The Mid-Autumn
Festival.
30．About 5,000 years ago, ________.
A．the first ancient Chinese kite appeared
B．flying kites was spread into Japan, Korea, and Malaysia
C．tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident
D．tea appeared in England.
31．John wrote this letter to David in order to ________.
A．share something about traditional Chinese culture with him
B．tell him the tea trade from Western countries to China took place in the 19th century
C．tell him the Mid-Autumn Festival is in August every year
D．tell he is having a great time on his student exchange program in China
H
（23-24九年级上·广东惠州·开学考试）Many children want to develop a hobby. You’ll
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need to find different interests and decide which hobby really interests you. While, this may be
hard to do, and here are four great reasons to work it in.
Hobbies help build a teen’s confidence（自信）. By finding an area of interest, a teen can
build his skill. This leads to positive（积极的）results and builds teenagers’ confidence.
A hobby helps teens have a sense of his identity（个性）. Our likes and dislikes help us know
who we are as people. Hobbies help by sending a signal, “I like doing this. This makes me feel
good about me. Therefore, this is a part of who I am.”
Hobbies keep teens from getting bored. Bored teens look for things to do and are more likely
to do something bad. Helping teens develop a hobby is helping them stay out of trouble.
Hobbies will help teens get on well with their parents. When a teen is busy with a hobby, his
parents have easy chance to something to praise him about. They can communicate with each
other easily.
32．The underlined word “work” means “________” in Chinese.
A．工作 B．办成 C．丢失 D．作品
33．According to the passage, hobbies can make kids ________.
A．be sure something they want will happen in the way they think
B．know they are different from their parents
C．feel a little bad about themselves
D．not be good students at school
34．If Jim has a hobby, he will ________ in his free time.
A．be bored B．be in trouble C．make a lot of moneyD．feel happy
35．Hobbies will help teens to get on well with their parents because ________.
A．teens are busy and have no time to fight with parents
B．parents never praise them about their hobbies
C．parents have an interesting topic to talk with children
D．teens have to ask their parents for some money
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36．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．why it’s not easy to find a hobby B．how to develop a hobby
C．who we are as people D．why teens need a hobby
I
（16-17九年级·全国·单元测试）It was a Friday afternoon many years ago, and my math teacher
had just introduced long division (长除法) to us. Most of my classmates had finished their work,
but I was still working
on the third problem. No one seemed to have as much trouble as I. My neighbor even said how
easy the lesson was.
I had told myself since then that I would never be good at math. So all through middle school and
high school I spent my time on other subjects in math classes, thinking my math grades would
never be high even if I tried my best.
One day we started to study statistics(统计学) in class. I decided to pay attention to it，but my
mind just turned off at the sight of numbers. After class my teacher pointed out my problem: I
didn’t like numbers. The reason was that over the years I had told myself not to like math.
I suddenly understood what I had been doing to myself. Perhaps math really came harder for me
than it did for others. but over the years I had built this little difficulty into “a big stone". Saying l
couldn't do it was only an excuse to daydream. I realized it wasn't that I didn’t have the ability to
learn math well; I just needed to change my mind and work hard.
37．From ParagraphⅠ, we know the writer’s neighbor thought long division was ______.
A．boring B．interesting C．easy D．hard
38．According to the first paragraph, the writer felt it was _________to learn math.
A．boring B．useful C．hard D．interesting
39．We can learn from the passage that in middle school and high school the writer .
A．was a bad student in his teachers' eyes B．worked hard in learning math
C．was afraid of his math teachers D．often got bad grades in math
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40．The writer failed to learn math well mainly because __________.
A．math was really difficult for him B．he didn’t like math at all
C．he never tried his best to learn it D．math was not interesting enough
41．The passage mainly tells us _________.
A．to study what you are interested in B．not to learn math
C．mot to spend too much on math D．not to give up when meeting difficulties
J
（九年级·全国·单元测试）Dear Mrs.Daniels，
I recently saw your advertisement on the university website offering private English
lessons.I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more information.
I am a student at Aston College in Hong Kong studying English，so my language level is
already quite good.
However，I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills.This is because I’m
planning to study at London University in England next year and I think your lessons will help me
to live and study abroad.
Could you send me some more information about the lessons offered，such as where and
when they will be held and how much they cost？Also，I would like to know whether you teach
students in groups or one-to-one.
I would be glad to supply any further information you might need.
Regards，
Li Hua
42．Where did Li Hua see Mrs.Daniels’ advertisement
A．At London University.
B．In a newspaper.
C．On the Internet.
43．Why did Li Hua write the e-mail
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A．To make friends with Mrs.Daniels.
B．To apply to study at London University.
C．To get more information about Mrs.Daniels’ lessons.
44．Which of the following information did Li Hua NOT mention in his e-mail
A．His age.
B．His reasons for learning English.
C．His language level.
45．Li Hua wants to take the lessons to improve his ______ skills.
A．listening and writing
B．listening and speaking
C．listening and reading
46．What can we learn about Li Hua from his e-mail
A．He is now living in England.
B．He is a student in Hong Kong.
C．His level of English is very low.
参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D D C D B A C B B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B D A C B D A C D A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A B A A B D B B D C
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A B A D C D C C D D
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46
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答案 D C C A B B
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D
【解析】本文主要讲述了在西方国家很多女孩子喜欢玩芭比娃娃，作者和自己的女儿也很喜
欢，并介绍了芭比娃娃的发展史。
1．细节理解题。根据“In Western countries, collecting Barbie Dolls(芭比娃娃) is a popular hobby
for girls. ”可知，芭比娃娃很受女孩子欢迎，故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Barbie Dolls were first made in 1959 by an American toy company. ”可知，
芭比娃娃最早是在 1959年由一家美国玩具公司制造的，所以到 2018年已经拥有了 59年的
历史。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据“At first, Barbie Dolls just had blonde(金黄色的) hair, and were
Americans.”可知，起初，芭比娃娃是美国女孩。故选 D。
4．词义猜测题。根据“She can be a doctor, a policewoman, a lawyer, or a teacher.”可知，此处
是介绍职业，所以划线单词表示“职业”，故选 C。
5．细节理解题。根据“And now my daughter has all kinds of Barbie Dolls. She also has a great
time playing with her Barbie Dolls.”可知，作者的女儿喜欢芭比娃娃。故选 D。
6．B 7．A 8．C
【分析】试题分析：这篇文章讲的是关于三个人对他们的家庭传统的不同描述。
6．B细节理解题。根据文中信息Most people open their presents in the morning, but we open
ours in the late afternoon after Christmas lunch.可知他们是在下午打开礼物，故选 B。
7．A细节理解题。根据文中信息My dad has to make the cake.可知是爸爸做蛋糕，故选 A。
8．C细节理解题。根据文中信息We had a tradition in our family for the last day of the summer
holidays.可知暑假的最后一天对第三个家庭是特殊的日子，故选 C。
考点：日常生活类短文阅读
9．B 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．A
【分析】文章介绍了三个中国学生的发明在美国赢得了金牌。
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9．句意：赢得金牌的这三个学生来自---。根据 In June, three students from the same high school
in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade
show in the United States.可知是来自同一个学校；故选 B
10．句意：我们了解到在去仲俊成家乡的路上的服务区是---状况。根据“I found some toilets
had no water and had a terrible smell.可知情况很差；故选 B
11．句意：谁的发明被用在汽车上。根据 Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of
high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统).可知薛继刚的发明用到汽车上；故选 B
12．句意：哪一个是正确的？根据 Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an
automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience故选 D
13．句意：从最后一段我们了解到这个学校的发明项目---。根据Wujiashan High School started
an inventing program in 2004 and made "life and invention" a necessary course for its students. Its
students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes m
China.故选 A
点睛：本篇是新闻报道类短文阅读，做题时要结合新闻报道的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词
义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同
的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理
解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。
14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A
【分析】此文介绍了可重写纸张的生产、用法以及对环境和经济的积极影响。
14．细节理解题。根据“Researchers have developed paper that can be printed with UV light, free
from the need for ink.”可知，这种纸可以用紫外光打印，不需要油墨。故选 C。
15．推理判断题。根据“People can clear the information away on the light-printable paper by
heating it to 120℃ and it can be reused more than 80 times.”可知，划线词所在句中的 reusable
修饰的是纸，根据“A thin coating of the chemical can be used on usual paper and turn it into a
reusable, light-printable one.”可知，it指代的就是前文的 usual paper。故选 B。
16．细节理解题。根据“The research was carried out in order to reduce the effects of paper
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production. People just cut down too large amounts of trees every year to produce paper, which
would destroy forests one day.”可知，人们每年砍伐太多的树木来造纸，这总有一天会破坏森
林，进行这项研究是为了减少纸张生产的影响，也就是阻止人们砍伐更多的树木。故选 D。
17．推理判断题。根据“The greatest importance of our work is the development of a new
technology to produce an ink-free rewritable paper that has the same feel and appearance as usual
paper.”可知，我们最重要的工作是开发一种新技术，生产一种无墨水可重写的纸张，它与普
通纸张具有相同的手感和外观。故选 A。
18．C 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．B
【分析】试题分析：可爱、淘气的猴子由于贪婪的习性不改，印度人便利用其贪婪的习性来
捉猴子，喻示人们不能太贪心。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段前两句Monkeys are clever and lively, but they are naughty and
greedy (贪婪的) as well. Whenever they find delicious food, they will eat enough.可知， 可知猴
子对美食有贪婪的习性。故选 C。
19．综合理解题。 通读下文可知，洞必须够大让猴子的手进去，但不能太大让它的拳头出
来。 故选 D。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“When they find a hole in the pumpkin, they don’t know
what’s in it and one of them can't help putting its hand into the hole to find what on earth there is”
“他们不知南瓜的里面有什么，他们迫不及待的把手伸进去，来看看里面到底有什么”。 故
选 A。
21．综合理解题。通读全文可知由于猴子的贪婪性格不改，印度人经常利用此法来逮猴子。
故选 A。
22．归纳总结题。猴子由于贪婪，而招致被捉。告诉人们不能太贪心。故选 B。
23．A 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机的发展历程。
23．词句猜测题。根据后文的“Using the Internet, smartphones can play music, take pictures and
videos, and check the weather in cities all around the world.”可知，使用互联网，智能手机可以
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播放音乐，拍照和录视频，并且可以查看世界各地城市的天气情况。由此可推知，划线单词
所在句子表达的应该是：智能手机能像电话一样打电话，但也能连接互联网。access应翻译
为“连接”。结合选项可知，A符合题意。故选 A。
24．细节理解题。根据“However, this phone never became very popular. For one thing, it was too
expensive for many people.”可知，第一个智能手机之所以没有变得流行，是因为它对很多人
来说太贵了。所以，选项 A“它没有花费人们太多钱。”的表述是错误的。故选 A。
25．细节理解题。根据“In fact, it was the Ericsson company that created the word ‘smartphone’ in
1997.”可知，Ericsson创造了“智能手机”一词。故选 B。
26．篇章结构题。文章第一段主要介绍了智能手机的功能，第二到五段介绍了智能手机的发
展历程，所以，这篇文章为总分的结构。故选 D。
27．主旨大意题。根据“But how did the age of smartphones begin ”及全文内容可知，文章主
要探讨了智能手机时代是如何开启的，即文章主要探讨了智能手机的发展。故选 B。
28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了 John Smith作为一名交换生在中国的所见所闻以及
一些中国传统文化。
28．细节理解题。根据“John Smith is an exchange student from New York.”可知，约翰·史密斯
来自美国的纽约。故选 B。
29．细节理解题。根据“In China, there are many different kinds of traditional art forms, such as
paper cutting, Chinese clay art and so on. Among them, the kite interests me most.”可知剪纸、中
国陶艺及风筝都属于中国传统艺术形式，中秋节不是。故选 D。
30．细节理解题。根据“Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about 5,000 years ago.”
可知，茶叶是在大约 5000年前被偶然发现的一种饮料。故选 C。
31．主旨大意题。根据“So far, I’ve completely got used to the life here and have known a lot
about traditional Chinese culture. I’d like to share some with you.”及全文内容可知，John对中国
传统文化有了很多了解，他写信主要是想与家乡的朋友分享中国传统文化。故选 A。
32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．D
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【解析】主要讲述了青少年需要培养爱好的原因。通过找到不同的兴趣，并决定哪个爱好真
正吸引自己。讲到了爱好对孩子们的好处。
32．词义猜测题。通读全文，再根据第一段“While, this may be hard to do, and here are four great
reasons to work it in.”可知，然而，这里有四个理由去……它。此处应该是由四个很好的理由
“办成”它。故选 B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hobbies help build a teen’s confidence（自信）. By finding an area
of interest, a teen can build his skill. This leads to positive（积极的）results and builds teenagers’
confidence.”可知，爱好有助于建立青少年的自信，爱好可以使孩子们确信他们能实现自己
的愿望。通过找到一个感兴趣的领域，青少年可以培养自己的技能。这会带来积极的结果，
并建立青少年的信心。也就是说，爱好可以让孩子们确信他们想要的事情会以这种方式发生。
故选 A。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“Hobbies keep teens from getting bored.”可知。爱好使青少年不
会感到无聊。由此可知，如果吉姆有一个爱好，他在空闲时间会感到快乐。故选 D。
35．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hobbies will help teens get on well with their parents. When a teen
is busy with a hobby, his parents have easy chance to something to praise him about. They can
communicate with each other easily.”可知，爱好会帮助青少年与父母相处融洽。当一个青少
年忙于一项爱好时，他的父母很容易有机会表扬他。他们可以很容易地相互交流。可见，爱
好有助于青少年与父母相处融洽是因为父母有一个有趣的话题要和孩子们谈谈。故选 C。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“You’ll need to find different interests and decide which hobby
really interests you. While, this may be hard to do, and here are four great reasons to work it in.”
可知，你需要找到不同的兴趣并决定你真正感兴趣的爱好。然而，这里有四个理由去办成它。
这说明了本文主要讲述了青少年需要培养爱好的原因。故选 D。
37．C 38．C 39．D 40．D 41．D
【分析】文章介绍了作者小时候因为一节数学课没学好，就认为自己不擅长数学，整个中学
不再学习数学，直到有一天老师指出了他的问题，他只是不喜欢数字。
37．句意：根据第一段我们知道作者的邻居认为长除法是---。根据My neighbor even said how
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easy the lesson was.故选 C
38．句意：根据第一段作者感到学数学怎样。根据 but I was still workingon the third problem.
No one seemed to have as much trouble as I.故选 C
39．句意：从文章我们了解到在中学和高中作者---。根据 So all through middle school and high
school I spent my time on other subjects in math classes, thinking my math grades would never be
high even if I tried my best.故选 D
40．句意：作者学不好数学主要是因为---。根据 After class my teacher pointed out my problem:
I didn’t like numbers. The reason was that over the years I had told myself not to like math.故选 D
41．句意：这段主要告诉我们---。根据 I had built this little difficulty into “a big stone".和文章
大意主要是讲我们遇到困难不要放弃。故选 D
42．C 43．C 44．A 45．B 46．B
【分析】本文是李华看到 Daniels 太太的私人英语课广告后，给她写的邮件。李华是一个香
港阿斯顿大学的学生，因为他计划明年去伦敦大学学习，所以想在英语听说技能上有所提高。
他写这封信就是想知道更多关于她的课的信息。
42．题意:李华在哪里看到 Daniels 太太的广告 考查细节理解题。 A. At London University.
在伦敦大学；B. In a newspaper.在报纸上；C. On the Internet.在互联网上。根据第一段第一句
“I recently saw your advertisement on the university website giving private English lessons.”可知
李华是在网上看到 Daniels 太太的广告的。故选 C。
43．题意:李华为什么写邮件 考查细节理解题。A. To make friends with Mrs.Daniels.为了和
Daniels 太太交朋友；B. To apply to study at London University. 为了申请在伦敦大学学习；C.
To get more information about Mrs.Daniels’ lessons.为了获得更多的关于 Daniels 太太课的信
息。根据第一段第二句“I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more
information.”可知李华写这封信是为了得到更多关于 Daniels 太太的课的信息。故选 C。
44．题意:下面是哪一个信息在他的邮件中李华没有提到 考查细节理解题。A. His age.他的
年龄；B. His reasons for learning English.学习英语的理由；C. His language level.他的语言水
平。根据第三段第二句“This is because I’m planning to study at London University in England
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next year ”可知提到了他学英语的原因；根据第二段第二句“my language level is already quite
good.”可知提到了他的语言水平；由此可见，只有 A没提到。故选 A。
45．题意:李华想上课来提高他的_______技能？考查细节理解题。A. listening and writing听
和写；B. listening and speaking听和说；C. listening and reading听和读．根据第三段第一句
However，I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills.可知选 B.
46．题意:从他的邮件中我们能了解到关于李华的什么？考查细节理解题。A. He is now living
in England.他现在居住在英国; B. He is a student in Hong Kong.他是一名香港的学生. C. His
level of English is very low. 他的英语水平很低.根据第二段 I am a student at Aston College in
Hong Kong studying English，so my language level is already quite good.可知 A和 C不正确，
B正确，选 B。
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题型过关第3讲 阅读理解（技巧+真题）
阅读理解“三步定位法”
第一步　看题干，定位题干关键词。
先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。
第二步　读文章，一次定位找原文。
带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。
第三步　回看题，连线解读定答案。
细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答案。
解题要点：
1）分门别类识别文体
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；
议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
2）统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
3开动脑筋推测词意
初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：
（1）根据上下文猜测词意。
（2）根据构词法猜测词意。
前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。
后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。
4）用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题， Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!” 据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
5）条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。
如，Parents whose children show a special interest in a particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.
先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a decision.
再 找出修饰语Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。
经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。
设题及解题方法：
1.细节理解题
多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的60%～85%。常见的设题方式有：用what, where, which, why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to...开头，后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；
以...because的提问方式设题等。
解答这类题要学会以下技巧：
(1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；
(2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；
(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点
2.推理判断题
一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有：
(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that...
(2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that...
(3)The sentence/paragraph/passage implies that...
(4)By saying..., the author means...
(5)What can we infer from the...
(6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests...
(7)From the second example we can infer that...
(8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that...
3．词义猜测题
该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题时可结合上下文的文意和逻辑关系进行推测。
4.主旨大意题
考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：(1)What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage
(2)The author is mainly concerned with...
(3)What does the passage mainly discuss
(4)The passage is mainly about...
(5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：
(1)有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的主题；
(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；
(3)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；
(4)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。
5．数字推算题
要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。
A
（22-23九年级上·广东江门·期中）In Western countries, collecting Barbie Dolls(芭比娃娃) is a popular hobby for girls. Many of them collect Barbie Dolls for fun. A Barbie Doll looks like a teenager. Girls can buy clothes for her. They can also buy a house and a car for her. Girls can collect all the things about Barbie.
Barbie Dolls were first made in 1959 by an American toy company. Now, they have become the most popular toys in the world. At first, Barbie Dolls just had blonde (金黄色的) hair, and were Americans. Now they look like people from all over the world. There is an Indian Barbie, a French Barbie and a Chinese Barbie! And Barbie Dolls have over 108 careers. She can be a doctor, a policewoman, a lawyer, or a teacher.
I spent many hours playing with Barbie Dolls when I was a child. And now my daughter has all kinds of Barbie Dolls. She also has a great time playing with her Barbie Dolls.
1．Barbie Dolls are popular with ________ according to the passage.
A．boys B．girls C．men D．women
2．Barbie Dolls had a history of ________ years by 2018.
A．40 B．41 C．51 D．59
3．At first, Barbie Dolls were ________ girls.
A．Chinese B．French C．Indian D．American
4．The underlined word “careers”means“________”in Chinese.
A．朋友 B．兴趣 C．职业 D．种类
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Barbie Dolls can be found only in America. B．Many people collect Barbie Dolls for money.
C．Barbie Dolls were made in India at first. D．The writer’s daughter likes Barbie Dolls.
B
（15-16九年级上·浙江温州·阶段练习）Good evening and welcome to World Views. Earlier in the day, we spoke to three different people about family traditions. Here’s what they said.
① Christmas presents
One of our traditions is to do with Christmas presents. Most people open their presents in the morning, but we open ours in the late afternoon after Christmas lunch. It’s really nice to do so because opening the presents in the morning makes the rest of the day, you know, it’s boring. Well, that’s what we think.
② Birthday cakes
One tradition we have is to do with birthdays, all our birthday cakes have to be carrot cakes. My dad has to make the cake. He even has to make the cake for his own birthday! Perhaps it’s because my mum doesn’t like other tastes cakes. And the funny thing is, we never have carrot cakes at any other time-only birthdays.
③ Special day
We had a tradition in our family for the last day of the summer holidays. The day before we had to go back to school, mum and dad would always take us out for the day. In the morning, we’d get up early and go for a long walk. Next, we’d go for lunch in our favorite restaurant. Then, to the cinema to see a film. Finally, home, where we’d play games. It made going back to school so much better.
6．In the first family, when do they open the Christmas presents
A．In the morning B．In the afternoon
C．In the evening D．At night
7．In the second family, who makes the carrot cakes for everyone’s birthday
A．Dad B．Mum C．Kids D．Grandmother
8．Which day is a special day for the third family
A．Christmas Day
B．Dad’s birthday
C．The last day of the summer holiday
D．The first day of the summer holiday
C
（16-17九年级·全国·单元测试）In June, three students from the same high school in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade show in the United States.
One of them is Wang Yujie. Her invention can control the oxygen level itself in pools day and night. Usually, fish keepers increase oxygen in fish pools by hand, and it’s hard work, but now they can save a lot of strength.
Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统). The third winner’s invention could be used more widely. Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience at a service center on the expressway(高速路)when his father took him back to his home province Fujian during a summer vacation about a year ago. ＂I found some toilets had no water and had a terrible smell. I thought I should invent something.＂ he said. ＂It’s great to win the medal,＂ he said. ＂I hope one day my invention can develop into a product and serve more people.＂
Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made ＂life and invention＂ a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes in China. He Jianming, the school head, said. ＂The inventing program helps students become active and creative in thinking.＂
9．The three students who won gold medals are from ___________.
A．the different schools B．the same school
C．the different classes. D．the same class
10．We can learn that the service center on the express way to Zhong Juncheng’s hometown had a really_____ condition.
A．simple B．poor C．comfortable D．excellent
11．___________ invention is used in a car.
A．Wang Yujie’s B．Xue Jigang’s
C．Zhong Juncheng’s D．He Jianming’s
12．Which of the following is TRUE about the three inventors
A．Xue Jigang’s invention is useful for fish keepers.
B．Wang Yujie is in Grade Two in Wujiashan High School.
C．Zhong Juncheng’s hometown is in Hubei Province.
D．Zhong Juncheng’s invention helps a lot in the bathroom.
13．We can learn from the last paragraph that the inventing program in the school .
A．is a great success B．is famous in the world now
C．has been on for twenty years D．helps to change students’ life
D
（21-22九年级上·浙江·阶段练习）
Researchers have developed paper that can be printed with UV light, free from the need for ink. People can clear the information away on the light-printable paper by heating it to 120℃ and it can be reused more than 80 times.
The research was carried out in order to reduce the effects of paper production. People just cut down too large amounts of trees every year to produce paper, which would destroy forests one day. That does harm to the environment. If people use the light-printable paper instead of paper they use now, the situation may be changed. The researchers, from Shandong University in China and the University of California, Riverside, said that the secret behind the technology is a color-changing chemical. A thin coating of the chemical can be used on usual paper and turn it into a reusable, light-printable one. Heating the paper for 10 minutes can help clear the information away more quickly.
Professor Yadong Yin, a chemistry professor at the University of California and a co-author of the study, said, “The greatest importance of our work is the development of a new technology to produce an ink-free rewritable paper that has the same feel and appearance as usual paper.” Their work is believed to have great economic and environmental influences on the modern society. Paper production has a bad influence on the environment. It’s the main reason to cause the industrial pollution, paper which is thrown away by people makes up about 40% of landfills where waste is buried under the ground.
It is said that light-printable paper will be inexpensive in the future. The printing process is also more cost-effective than the usual one because no ink is needed. Most importantly, it can be reused many times, which greatly reduces the cost.
14．Light-printable paper is a kind of paper that can be ________.
A．printed with any light B．changed by the colorful chemical
C．written on without ink D．cleared by heating to high temperature
15．The underlined word “it” refer to ________.
A．usual ink B．usual paper C．the chemical D．the technology
16．Why did researchers do the research in the passage
A．To make money by selling the paper. B．To develop chemical technology.
C．To make people interested in writing. D．To stop people cutting down more trees.
17．According to Professor Yadong Yin, the most important work is that ________.
A．the rewritable paper looks the same as the usual paper
B．our environment will be influenced by the rewritable paper
C．the research will make a difference to our economic development
D．people have realized the wasted paper is the most serious pollution
E
（17-18九年级·全国·单元测试）Monkeys are clever and lively, but they are naughty and greedy (贪婪的) as well. Whenver they find delicious food, they will eat enough. What’s more, they will take it when they leave. They have suffered (吃亏) a lot because of this. But they never change this way.
In India, people use monkey’s greed to catch them. Do you know how they can catch monkeys Here are some instructions.
◆ Make a hole in a big pumpkin (南瓜). The hole must be just right ----neither too big nor too small.
◆ Put some jujubes (枣) in the hole.
◆ Leave the pumpkin under a tree. Make sure there are some monkeys in the tree.
◆ Hide yourself and watch the monkeys.
As soon you leave, the monkeys can’t wait to come down to the pumpkin. When they find a hole in the pumpkin, they don’t know what’s in it and one of them can't help putting its hand into the hole to find what on earth there is. When it touches the jujubes, it will clench (攥紧) some of them in its hand. As a result, it isn’t able to take its fist (拳) out of the hole. You can’t come close until this time. Will the monkey drop off the pumpkin Don’t worry. It prefers the pumpkin than its life. It will run with the pumpkin, clenching its fist more tightly. In the end, it is caught helplessly.
18．Monkeys haven’t changed their way of doing with nice food because they are .
A．clever B．lively C．greedy D．naughty
19．“The hole must be just right” means it is .
A．big enough for the monkey to put its hand in
B．smaller than a monkey’s hand
C．bigger than a monkey’s fist
D．bigger than a monkey’s hand but smaller than its fist
20．Seeing the hole in the pumpkin, a monkey will .
A．be interested in B．be afraid of
C．run away at once D．take the pumpkin away in arms
21．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Indians often catch the monkeys in this way.
B．sometimes monkeys are stupid.
C．as soon as the monkeys comes to the pumpkin, you can rush to catch it.
D．In India,monkeys like pumpkins every much.
22．What should we learn from the passage
A．We should catch monkeys in this way.
B．One mustn’t be greedy.
C．We should protect monkeys.
D．Come up with another way to catch monkeys.
F
（24-25九年级上·吉林·阶段练习）①A smartphone is a phone that combines (合并) things like a phone, clock, camera and computer into one small device (装置). It can make calls like a phone, but it can also access the Internet. Using the Internet, smartphones can play music, take pictures and videos, and check the weather in cities all around the world. But how did the age of smartphones begin
②In`1992, the company IBM created the first smartphone. It was a phone that included a program for writing notes to remember things. It also had a program for showing people dates and times of planned events. This early smartphone could send emails as well. However, this phone never became very popular. For one thing, it was too expensive for many people.
③Other companies then started to work on new phone technology. Companies such as Nokia and Ericsson next introduced their smartphones to the market. In fact, it was the Ericsson company that created the word “smartphone” in 1997. However, these smartphones also achieved little success.
④In 1999, the Blackberry was introduced. This was the first smartphone that was widely used by phone users. The Blackberry was a phone with a keyboard that made it easy to use the Internet and send text messages and emails. The Blackberry was popular with people working in business or in technology. But common phone users still didn’t buy many of them.
⑤In 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone. Not long after that, in 2008, Google introduced the Android phone to the world. These new smartphones from Apple and Google were marketed to all phone users. The goal was to make the smartphone easy to use and something everyone would want. Just as hoped, less than 10 years later, there were over 2 billion smartphone users. Not only is it safe to say that smartphones are taking over the world, but there will soon be a time when people can’t remember when phones only made calls.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
23．What does the underlined word “access” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Connect to. B．Take in. C．Check out. D．Turn off.
24．Which is NOT the good point of the first smartphone
A．It didn’t cost people too much.
B．People could send emails with it.
C．It could show people dates and times of planned events.
D．It helped people remember things by writing notes with a program.
25．Which company invented the word “smartphone”
A．Nokia. B．Ericsson. C．Blackberry. D．Apple.
26．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．The inventors of smartphones. B．The development of smartphones.
C．The future of smartphones. D．The popularity of smartphones.
G
（21-22九年级上·四川眉山·期中）John Smith is an exchange student from New York. Here is a letter to his friend in his hometown.
Dear David,
How time flies! It’s been 3 months since I came to China. I’m having a great time on my student exchange program here. So far, I’ve completely got used to the life here and have known a lot about traditional Chinese culture. I’d like to share some with you.
In China, there are many different kinds of traditional art forms, such as paper cutting, Chinese clay art and so on. Among them, the kite interests me most. The first ancient Chinese kite appeared more than 2,000 years ago. Then flying kites was spread into Japan, Korea and Malaysia during the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Kites are regarded as the earliest craft (飞行器). They played an important role in the process of inventing the plane.
Tea culture is important in China. Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about 5,000 years ago. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. It didn’t appear in England until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Now tea has become one of the most popular drinks around the world.
Lastly, I’d like to tell you something about one of the traditional Chinese festivals — the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is on the fifteenth day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历). Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.
If you’d like to know more about traditional Chinese culture, I will talk about it in the next letter.
Best wishes!
Yours,
John
28．From this passage, we know that John Smith is from _________.
A．Canada B．the US C．the UK D．France
29．Which of the following isn’t a traditional Chinese art form
A．Paper cutting. B．Chinese clay art. C．The kite. D．The Mid-Autumn Festival.
30．About 5,000 years ago, ________.
A．the first ancient Chinese kite appeared
B．flying kites was spread into Japan, Korea, and Malaysia
C．tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident
D．tea appeared in England.
31．John wrote this letter to David in order to ________.
A．share something about traditional Chinese culture with him
B．tell him the tea trade from Western countries to China took place in the 19th century
C．tell him the Mid-Autumn Festival is in August every year
D．tell he is having a great time on his student exchange program in China
H
（23-24九年级上·广东惠州·开学考试）Many children want to develop a hobby. You’ll need to find different interests and decide which hobby really interests you. While, this may be hard to do, and here are four great reasons to work it in.
Hobbies help build a teen’s confidence（自信）. By finding an area of interest, a teen can build his skill. This leads to positive（积极的）results and builds teenagers’ confidence.
A hobby helps teens have a sense of his identity（个性）. Our likes and dislikes help us know who we are as people. Hobbies help by sending a signal, “I like doing this. This makes me feel good about me. Therefore, this is a part of who I am.”
Hobbies keep teens from getting bored. Bored teens look for things to do and are more likely to do something bad. Helping teens develop a hobby is helping them stay out of trouble.
Hobbies will help teens get on well with their parents. When a teen is busy with a hobby, his parents have easy chance to something to praise him about. They can communicate with each other easily.
32．The underlined word “work” means “________” in Chinese.
A．工作 B．办成 C．丢失 D．作品
33．According to the passage, hobbies can make kids ________.
A．be sure something they want will happen in the way they think
B．know they are different from their parents
C．feel a little bad about themselves
D．not be good students at school
34．If Jim has a hobby, he will ________ in his free time.
A．be bored B．be in trouble C．make a lot of money D．feel happy
35．Hobbies will help teens to get on well with their parents because ________.
A．teens are busy and have no time to fight with parents
B．parents never praise them about their hobbies
C．parents have an interesting topic to talk with children
D．teens have to ask their parents for some money
36．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．why it’s not easy to find a hobby B．how to develop a hobby
C．who we are as people D．why teens need a hobby
I
（16-17九年级·全国·单元测试）It was a Friday afternoon many years ago, and my math teacher had just introduced long division (长除法) to us. Most of my classmates had finished their work, but I was still working
on the third problem. No one seemed to have as much trouble as I. My neighbor even said how easy the lesson was.
I had told myself since then that I would never be good at math. So all through middle school and high school I spent my time on other subjects in math classes, thinking my math grades would never be high even if I tried my best.
One day we started to study statistics(统计学) in class. I decided to pay attention to it，but my mind just turned off at the sight of numbers. After class my teacher pointed out my problem: I didn’t like numbers. The reason was that over the years I had told myself not to like math.
I suddenly understood what I had been doing to myself. Perhaps math really came harder for me than it did for others. but over the years I had built this little difficulty into “a big stone". Saying l couldn't do it was only an excuse to daydream. I realized it wasn't that I didn’t have the ability to learn math well; I just needed to change my mind and work hard.
37．From ParagraphⅠ, we know the writer’s neighbor thought long division was ______.
A．boring B．interesting C．easy D．hard
38．According to the first paragraph, the writer felt it was _________to learn math.
A．boring B．useful C．hard D．interesting
39．We can learn from the passage that in middle school and high school the writer .
A．was a bad student in his teachers' eyes B．worked hard in learning math
C．was afraid of his math teachers D．often got bad grades in math
40．The writer failed to learn math well mainly because __________.
A．math was really difficult for him B．he didn’t like math at all
C．he never tried his best to learn it D．math was not interesting enough
41．The passage mainly tells us _________.
A．to study what you are interested in B．not to learn math
C．mot to spend too much on math D．not to give up when meeting difficulties
J
（九年级·全国·单元测试）Dear Mrs.Daniels，
I recently saw your advertisement on the university website offering private English lessons.I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more information.
I am a student at Aston College in Hong Kong studying English，so my language level is already quite good.
However，I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills.This is because I’m planning to study at London University in England next year and I think your lessons will help me to live and study abroad.
Could you send me some more information about the lessons offered，such as where and when they will be held and how much they cost？Also，I would like to know whether you teach students in groups or one to one.
I would be glad to supply any further information you might need.
Regards，
Li Hua
42．Where did Li Hua see Mrs.Daniels’ advertisement
A．At London University.
B．In a newspaper.
C．On the Internet.
43．Why did Li Hua write the e mail
A．To make friends with Mrs.Daniels.
B．To apply to study at London University.
C．To get more information about Mrs.Daniels’ lessons.
44．Which of the following information did Li Hua NOT mention in his e mail
A．His age.
B．His reasons for learning English.
C．His language level.
45．Li Hua wants to take the lessons to improve his ______ skills.
A．listening and writing
B．listening and speaking
C．listening and reading
46．What can we learn about Li Hua from his e mail
A．He is now living in England.
B．He is a student in Hong Kong.
C．His level of English is very low.
参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D D C D B A C B B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B D A C B D A C D A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A B A A B D B B D C
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A B A D C D C C D D
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46
答案 D C C A B B
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D
【解析】本文主要讲述了在西方国家很多女孩子喜欢玩芭比娃娃，作者和自己的女儿也很喜欢，并介绍了芭比娃娃的发展史。
1．细节理解题。根据“In Western countries, collecting Barbie Dolls(芭比娃娃) is a popular hobby for girls. ”可知，芭比娃娃很受女孩子欢迎，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Barbie Dolls were first made in 1959 by an American toy company. ”可知，芭比娃娃最早是在1959年由一家美国玩具公司制造的，所以到2018年已经拥有了59年的历史。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“At first, Barbie Dolls just had blonde(金黄色的) hair, and were Americans.”可知，起初，芭比娃娃是美国女孩。故选D。
4．词义猜测题。根据“She can be a doctor, a policewoman, a lawyer, or a teacher.”可知，此处是介绍职业，所以划线单词表示“职业”，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据“And now my daughter has all kinds of Barbie Dolls. She also has a great time playing with her Barbie Dolls.”可知，作者的女儿喜欢芭比娃娃。故选D。
6．B 7．A 8．C
【分析】试题分析：这篇文章讲的是关于三个人对他们的家庭传统的不同描述。
6．B细节理解题。根据文中信息Most people open their presents in the morning, but we open ours in the late afternoon after Christmas lunch.可知他们是在下午打开礼物，故选B。
7．A细节理解题。根据文中信息My dad has to make the cake.可知是爸爸做蛋糕，故选A。
8．C细节理解题。根据文中信息We had a tradition in our family for the last day of the summer holidays.可知暑假的最后一天对第三个家庭是特殊的日子，故选C。
考点：日常生活类短文阅读
9．B 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．A
【分析】文章介绍了三个中国学生的发明在美国赢得了金牌。
9．句意：赢得金牌的这三个学生来自---。根据In June, three students from the same high school in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade show in the United States.可知是来自同一个学校；故选B
10．句意：我们了解到在去仲俊成家乡的路上的服务区是---状况。根据“I found some toilets had no water and had a terrible smell.可知情况很差；故选B
11．句意：谁的发明被用在汽车上。根据Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统).可知薛继刚的发明用到汽车上；故选B
12．句意：哪一个是正确的？根据Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience故选D
13．句意：从最后一段我们了解到这个学校的发明项目---。根据Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made "life and invention" a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes m China.故选A
点睛：本篇是新闻报道类短文阅读，做题时要结合新闻报道的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。
14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A
【分析】此文介绍了可重写纸张的生产、用法以及对环境和经济的积极影响。
14．细节理解题。根据“Researchers have developed paper that can be printed with UV light, free from the need for ink.”可知，这种纸可以用紫外光打印，不需要油墨。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据“People can clear the information away on the light-printable paper by heating it to 120℃ and it can be reused more than 80 times.”可知，划线词所在句中的reusable修饰的是纸，根据“A thin coating of the chemical can be used on usual paper and turn it into a reusable, light-printable one.”可知，it指代的就是前文的usual paper。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“The research was carried out in order to reduce the effects of paper production. People just cut down too large amounts of trees every year to produce paper, which would destroy forests one day.”可知，人们每年砍伐太多的树木来造纸，这总有一天会破坏森林，进行这项研究是为了减少纸张生产的影响，也就是阻止人们砍伐更多的树木。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“The greatest importance of our work is the development of a new technology to produce an ink-free rewritable paper that has the same feel and appearance as usual paper.”可知，我们最重要的工作是开发一种新技术，生产一种无墨水可重写的纸张，它与普通纸张具有相同的手感和外观。故选A。
18．C 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．B
【分析】试题分析：可爱、淘气的猴子由于贪婪的习性不改，印度人便利用其贪婪的习性来捉猴子，喻示人们不能太贪心。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段前两句Monkeys are clever and lively, but they are naughty and greedy (贪婪的) as well. Whenever they find delicious food, they will eat enough.可知， 可知猴子对美食有贪婪的习性。故选C。
19．综合理解题。 通读下文可知，洞必须够大让猴子的手进去，但不能太大让它的拳头出来。 故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“When they find a hole in the pumpkin, they don’t know what’s in it and one of them can't help putting its hand into the hole to find what on earth there is” “他们不知南瓜的里面有什么，他们迫不及待的把手伸进去，来看看里面到底有什么”。 故选A。
21．综合理解题。通读全文可知由于猴子的贪婪性格不改，印度人经常利用此法来逮猴子。故选A。
22．归纳总结题。猴子由于贪婪，而招致被捉。告诉人们不能太贪心。故选B。
23．A 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机的发展历程。
23．词句猜测题。根据后文的“Using the Internet, smartphones can play music, take pictures and videos, and check the weather in cities all around the world.”可知，使用互联网，智能手机可以播放音乐，拍照和录视频，并且可以查看世界各地城市的天气情况。由此可推知，划线单词所在句子表达的应该是：智能手机能像电话一样打电话，但也能连接互联网。access应翻译为“连接”。结合选项可知，A符合题意。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“However, this phone never became very popular. For one thing, it was too expensive for many people.”可知，第一个智能手机之所以没有变得流行，是因为它对很多人来说太贵了。所以，选项A“它没有花费人们太多钱。”的表述是错误的。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据“In fact, it was the Ericsson company that created the word ‘smartphone’ in 1997.”可知，Ericsson创造了“智能手机”一词。故选B。
26．篇章结构题。文章第一段主要介绍了智能手机的功能，第二到五段介绍了智能手机的发展历程，所以，这篇文章为总分的结构。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据“But how did the age of smartphones begin ”及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了智能手机时代是如何开启的，即文章主要探讨了智能手机的发展。故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了John Smith作为一名交换生在中国的所见所闻以及一些中国传统文化。
28．细节理解题。根据“John Smith is an exchange student from New York.”可知，约翰·史密斯来自美国的纽约。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“In China, there are many different kinds of traditional art forms, such as paper cutting, Chinese clay art and so on. Among them, the kite interests me most.”可知剪纸、中国陶艺及风筝都属于中国传统艺术形式，中秋节不是。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据“Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about 5,000 years ago.”可知，茶叶是在大约5000年前被偶然发现的一种饮料。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据“So far, I’ve completely got used to the life here and have known a lot about traditional Chinese culture. I’d like to share some with you.”及全文内容可知，John对中国传统文化有了很多了解，他写信主要是想与家乡的朋友分享中国传统文化。故选A。
32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．D
【解析】主要讲述了青少年需要培养爱好的原因。通过找到不同的兴趣，并决定哪个爱好真正吸引自己。讲到了爱好对孩子们的好处。
32．词义猜测题。通读全文，再根据第一段“While, this may be hard to do, and here are four great reasons to work it in.”可知，然而，这里有四个理由去……它。此处应该是由四个很好的理由“办成”它。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hobbies help build a teen’s confidence（自信）. By finding an area of interest, a teen can build his skill. This leads to positive（积极的）results and builds teenagers’ confidence.”可知，爱好有助于建立青少年的自信，爱好可以使孩子们确信他们能实现自己的愿望。通过找到一个感兴趣的领域，青少年可以培养自己的技能。这会带来积极的结果，并建立青少年的信心。也就是说，爱好可以让孩子们确信他们想要的事情会以这种方式发生。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“Hobbies keep teens from getting bored.”可知。爱好使青少年不会感到无聊。由此可知，如果吉姆有一个爱好，他在空闲时间会感到快乐。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hobbies will help teens get on well with their parents. When a teen is busy with a hobby, his parents have easy chance to something to praise him about. They can communicate with each other easily.”可知，爱好会帮助青少年与父母相处融洽。当一个青少年忙于一项爱好时，他的父母很容易有机会表扬他。他们可以很容易地相互交流。可见，爱好有助于青少年与父母相处融洽是因为父母有一个有趣的话题要和孩子们谈谈。故选C。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“You’ll need to find different interests and decide which hobby really interests you. While, this may be hard to do, and here are four great reasons to work it in.”可知，你需要找到不同的兴趣并决定你真正感兴趣的爱好。然而，这里有四个理由去办成它。这说明了本文主要讲述了青少年需要培养爱好的原因。故选D。
37．C 38．C 39．D 40．D 41．D
【分析】文章介绍了作者小时候因为一节数学课没学好，就认为自己不擅长数学，整个中学不再学习数学，直到有一天老师指出了他的问题，他只是不喜欢数字。
37．句意：根据第一段我们知道作者的邻居认为长除法是---。根据My neighbor even said how easy the lesson was.故选C
38．句意：根据第一段作者感到学数学怎样。根据but I was still workingon the third problem. No one seemed to have as much trouble as I.故选C
39．句意：从文章我们了解到在中学和高中作者---。根据So all through middle school and high school I spent my time on other subjects in math classes, thinking my math grades would never be high even if I tried my best.故选D
40．句意：作者学不好数学主要是因为---。根据After class my teacher pointed out my problem: I didn’t like numbers. The reason was that over the years I had told myself not to like math.故选D
41．句意：这段主要告诉我们---。根据I had built this little difficulty into “a big stone".和文章大意主要是讲我们遇到困难不要放弃。故选D
42．C 43．C 44．A 45．B 46．B
【分析】本文是李华看到Daniels 太太的私人英语课广告后，给她写的邮件。李华是一个香港阿斯顿大学的学生，因为他计划明年去伦敦大学学习，所以想在英语听说技能上有所提高。他写这封信就是想知道更多关于她的课的信息。
42．题意:李华在哪里看到Daniels 太太的广告 考查细节理解题。 A. At London University.在伦敦大学；B. In a newspaper.在报纸上；C. On the Internet.在互联网上。根据第一段第一句“I recently saw your advertisement on the university website giving private English lessons.”可知李华是在网上看到Daniels 太太的广告的。故选C。
43．题意:李华为什么写邮件 考查细节理解题。A. To make friends with Mrs.Daniels.为了和Daniels 太太交朋友；B. To apply to study at London University. 为了申请在伦敦大学学习；C. To get more information about Mrs.Daniels’ lessons.为了获得更多的关于Daniels 太太课的信息。根据第一段第二句“I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more information.”可知李华写这封信是为了得到更多关于Daniels 太太的课的信息。故选C。
44．题意:下面是哪一个信息在他的邮件中李华没有提到 考查细节理解题。A. His age.他的年龄；B. His reasons for learning English.学习英语的理由；C. His language level.他的语言水平。根据第三段第二句“This is because I’m planning to study at London University in England next year ”可知提到了他学英语的原因；根据第二段第二句“my language level is already quite good.”可知提到了他的语言水平；由此可见，只有A没提到。故选A。
45．题意:李华想上课来提高他的_______技能？考查细节理解题。A. listening and writing听和写；B. listening and speaking听和说；C. listening and reading听和读．根据第三段第一句However，I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills.可知选B.
46．题意:从他的邮件中我们能了解到关于李华的什么？考查细节理解题。A. He is now living in England.他现在居住在英国; B. He is a student in Hong Kong.他是一名香港的学生. C. His level of English is very low. 他的英语水平很低.根据第二段I am a student at Aston College in Hong Kong studying English，so my language level is already quite good.可知A和C不正确，B正确，选B。
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