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人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Listening and Speaking课堂精练
单词拼写(共8小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分20分)
1. Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of d （干旱） and poor harvests.
2. Weather satellites have observed a ring of v （火山的）ash around the earth.
3. Always lowering your head to check your cell phone could d （伤害） your neck.
4. A r （营救）worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
5. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological d （灾难）
6. Human beings need food, clothing and ___________ (居所).
7. Fifty-one ___________ (百分之……) of the people voted for the candidate and he won.
8. The heavy rain lasted for a week and ___________ (淹没) the nearby villages.
二．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
1. To enjoy themselves，the children decided （slide） the grassy slope.
2. Firefighters worked for two hours （rescue） people from the building.
3. It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower （destroy） in the fire last year.
4. The boy was deeply （affect） by the news of his mother’s death.
5. Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could to helping the poor in the area hit by （flood）.
6. What I learn about the violence is that it has caused at least three （death）.
7. A bomb destroyed two buildings and （damage） several others.
8. Millions of people will face starvation as a result of the （dry）.
9. Hundreds of houses ___________ (destroy) by the volcanic eruption, leaving many people homeless last week.
10. The air was so cold that we could hardly___________ (breath).
三、阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A 、B 、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Ellen Ochoa’s life journey offers an outstanding example of how invention can lead to adventure. She first worked as a creative engineer and went on to become the world’s first Hispanic female astronaut.
Ochoa graduated from San Diego State University in 1980 with a degree in Physics. Mindful of her mother’s stress on the importance of education, she entered graduate school at Stanford University. When Neil Armstrong had first walked on the moon, Ochoa was 11 years old. It never would have hit her then that she too might someday become an astronaut. However, in 1983, when Ochoa was on the way to earning her PhD in Electrical Engineering, Sally Ride became the first female U. S. astronaut. This gave Ochoa the encouragement to aim high. Upon graduation, she applied to NASA to become an astronaut herself.
At Stanford, Ochoa specialized in designing optical (光学) systems that study the objects that they “see”. After graduating, she continued this work at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sandia’s work for NASA includes developing optical, computerized recordings and models of events and phenomena (现象) in space. In time, Ochoa became the co-inventor of three optical devices. Later, working at NASA’s Ames Research Center, Ochoa branched off into developing computer systems designed for space exploration. Here she also managed a team of 35 scientists.
Ochoa’s excellence in optics and computer hardware had caught NASA’s attention. In 1990, NASA accepted her into its astronaut training program, and in July 1991, Ochoa became an official U. S. astronaut. Less than two years later, Ochoa flew as a Mission Specialist on a Discovery Space Shuttle Mission.
Ellen Ochoa has won numerous awards for her success as an engineer, an astronaut, and a role model– not just for Hispanic or female ambitious scientists, but for anyone who believes that excellence will finally find its recognition and reward.
1. What inspired Ochoa to have a higher ambition in 1983
A. Her graduation from San Diego State University.
B. Her mother’s stress on further education.
C. Neil Armstrong’s life experience.
D. Sally Ride’s example.
2. What did Ochoa co-invent before becoming an astronaut
A. Optical systems to see the moon. B. Computerized models used in space.
C. Three optical devices. D. Computer systems for management.
3. When was Ochoa’s first visit to space
A. In 1980. B. In 1983. C. In 1991. D. In 1993.
4. What can be learned through Ochoa’s experiences
A. Creativity starts with an idea.
B. Courage is knowing what not to fear.
C. Follow excellence, and success will come to you.
D. Understand your limitations, and you can remove them.
B
When you’re bored, what do you do The answer is a no-brainer: you reach for your phone. Five minutes of doggy pictures can seem like the perfect break. But a new unpublished study has bad news. Reaching for your phone is likely to leave you feeling more bored.
To figure out the relationship between phones and boredom, the research team set up an app on the phones of 83 volunteers to keep an eye on how often they used their devices. They also asked these volunteers to keep detailed diaries at work, recording their level of tiredness and boredom.
The researchers’ first discovery was no shocker. We’re on our phones a lot. Phone breaks were very frequent: in the 20 minutes following each questionnaire, volunteers picked up their phone 52percent of the time, spending an average of around 90 seconds on it each time. Equally unsurprising was the second finding: the more tired we are, the more likely we are to reach for our phones. The real kicker was the final finding. While we look to our phones to relieve our tiredness and boredom, screen time actually seemed to increase feelings of boredom.
The research team thought about the different reasons why this might be so. Shifting from work to your phone and back again may end up being more tiring in mind than it is stimulating (提神的). In other words, that baby goat video was nice, but not worth the cost to your brain in effort and concentration. Besides, picking up your phone might just serve as a reminder of all the fun and interesting things out there you could be doing if you didn’t have to fill out paperwork.
This one small study can’t clearly say if either of these explanations is right, but the basic takeaway is pretty clear: A quick look at your phone is going to make your brain feel even more fried. If so, what to do instead
5. Why did the research team set up an app on the volunteers’ phones
A. To ensure their rest time. B. To remove their boredom.
C. To track their phone usage. D. To record their tiredness.
6. What do the underlined words “the real kicker” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. The most unexpected. B. The most advanced.
C. The most frequent. D. The most relieving.
7. The baby goat video is mentioned in paragraph 4 to show ________.
A. phones can be tiring B. phones can be inspiring
C. phones can function as a reminder D. phones can benefit our paperwork
8. What might the author continue talking about
A. Why screen time is harmful. B. How to take a better break.
C. Recommended online activities. D. Studies on phone addiction.
四、完形填空(共15小题：每题2分, . 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C和 D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
I was born in a poor village in Uganda. I spent the 1 days of my childhood there. My mother died when I was born. My father never cared about me, which 2 me to leave when I was ten. For the next three years, I helped people do something and they provided me with shelter and food 3 . Luckily, a 4 family paid for me to go to school. For the first time after leaving home, I felt 5 . Then, I attended school and got a job. I always 6 to help children in need. Yet I 7 felt I could do something more.
In 2016, I got passed to be a foster (收养) parent. By the end of 2019, ten kids had filled my house. In 2020, I got a call from a center for 8 children. When asked if I could take Anthony, I 9 it because ten kids were all I could do with. 10 , I was talked into taking Anthony just for the weekend. I didn’t ask about his situation 11 .
Anthony arrived that night, “Can I call you Dad ” he asked.
“No.” I needed to keep my 12 .
Monday morning a worker in the center came to 13 Anthony. From their talk, I learned he had been 14 three times, but nobody would take him in.
Looking at Anthony, I saw something that made me think of the 15 boy I had once been. “I’ll take him in,” I said.
1．A．boring B．busy C．dark D．ordinary
2．A．forced B．allowed C．prepared D．reminded
3．A．in public B．in advance C．in person D．in return
4．A．kind B．poor C．traditional D．small
5．A．challenged B．loved C．trapped D．praised
6．A．failed B．agreed C．volunteered D．pretended
7．A．hardly B．already C．once D．still
8．A．troubled B．homeless C．deaf D．slow
9．A．refused B．doubted C．faced D．forgot
10．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Instead
11．A．rudely B．secretly C．purposely D．blindly
12．A．promise B．distance C．balance D．record
13．A．cheer on B．look after C．pick up D．chat with
14．A．taken B．rescued C．invited D．forgiven
15．A．proud B．outgoing C．silly D．helpless
五、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
The Internet is of great value to students. Firstly, the Internet, which is a world of knowledge, offers rich study materials. It's able to serve 1 a teacher, allowing students to ask almost any questions and get answers. So far, many schools
2 (develop) websites from which students can 3 (convenient) get study materials. Secondly, the 4 (important) of the Internet lies in its ability to help students communicate with others. This gives students a chance to learn from excellent people, which helps them lead a 5 (success) life in the future.
The Internet matters also because it helps with students' career(职业) planning. Choosing the right career is one challenge that 6 (teenager)face. Most of them are unsure about their future goals and interests. But the Internet can make 7 easier for them to choose the right career path. They can search and watch 8 other people are doing in the world. Besides, there are many career-planning articles on the Internet 9 (write) by experts. These can guide students on how 10 (find) their interests and follow the right career path.
答案
单词拼写
1. drought 2. volcanic 3. damage 4. rescue 5. disaster 6. shelter 7. percent 8. flooded
单句语法填空
.1. to slide 句意：为了玩得愉快，孩子们决定从草坡上滑下去。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。
2. to rescue 句意：消防员奋战两个小时，将众人从大楼中救出。此处作目的状语，所以用动词不定式短语。
3. was destroyed 句意：遗憾的是，那座有500年历史的木塔去年毁于大火。destroy和tower有逻辑上的动宾关系，根据时间状语可知要用一般过去时的被动语态。
4. affected 句意：男孩因妈妈去世的消息而深受影响。be deeply affected深受影响。
5. floods 句意：王先生下定决心尽其所能来帮助洪水灾区的穷人们。flood意为“洪水，水灾”时常用复数形式，如the worst floods for over fifty years五十多年来最严重的水灾。
6. deaths 句意：关于暴乱我了解到它至少已造成了3人死亡。death为可数名词，此处用其复数形式。
7. damaged 句意：一枚炸弹摧毁了两座大楼，还破坏了其他几座。由destroyed可知此处填动词的过去式。
8. drought 句意：由于干旱，数百万人将面临饥饿。as a result of由于，由空前的定冠词the可知此处填名词。
9. were destroyed 10. breathe
阅读理解
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B
完形填空
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
语法填空
1. as 2. have developed 3. conveniently 4. importance 5. successful
6. teenagers 7. it 8.what 9. written 10.to find

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