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Language Points
教材原句： 1. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
1）“介词 to + whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词millions of Chinese
farmers。
2）被提到关系代词whom前面的介词to与devote搭配：devote to。
【点拨】“介词+关系代词(which/whom)” 引导的定语从句，介词的确定遵从 “一先、二动、三意义” 原则。
介词选择的原则： 一先：根据先行词的搭配
二动：根据定语从句中动词的搭配
三意义：根据从句的意义
e.g. The moment at which we made a decision was exciting.
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) My computer, ______________(没有它) I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
2) The old man has two sons, ________________________(两个都是律师).
devote vt. to use all or most of your time, effort etc in order to do something or help someone 致力，献身，倾注
【常用搭配】
devote ... to ... 把……用在……上，为……付出……
devote oneself to ... 献身于，致力于，专心于……
devote one’s life / time / energy / attention to …
把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于……
e.g. He devoted his energies to writing films.
She devoted herself full-time to her business.
The meeting will be devoted to health and safety issues.
【拓展】
devoted adj. 献身的；忠实的
devotion n. 献身，致力；忠实，热爱
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 我叔叔决定把余生献给科学研究。
2) 她欣然放弃了兼职工作，全身心地投入到艺术事业中去
教材原句：2. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句
shortage n. a situation in which there is not enough of
something that people need 短缺，不足，缺乏
e.g. There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.
教材原句： 3. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.
而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。
1).boost v. to increase or improve something and make it more successful 促进，推动，使兴旺
e.g. The win boosted the team's confidence.
2). boost n. something that gives someone more confidence, or that helps something increase, improve, or become successful 激励，帮助；增长
e.g. The community will get a boost from a new library.
3).yield n. the amount of profits, crops etc that something produces 产量；收益
e.g. high yield 高产 low yield 低产
It will bring you a 6% yield on your investment.
Shareholders are expecting a higher yield this year.
教材原句： 4. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
convince vt. to make someone feel certain that something is true 使确信; 使信服
【常用搭配】
convince sb. that… 使某人相信……
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
e.g. I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me.
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
convinced adj. feeling certain that something is true
确信的，信服的
be convinced of/that 确信……
e.g. I am convinced of her innocence.
=I am convinced that she is innocent.
我确信她是无辜的。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Jack’s expression obviously ________________ (使她相信) his honesty.
2) ___________________(我确信) you can adjust to the new environment.
教材原句： 5. The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
that引导的表语从句， that在句中没有意义，只起连接作用，不可省略。
assumption n. something that you think is true although you have no definite proof 假定，假设
e.g. These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.
这些计算是基于价格将继续上涨的假设。
assumption n. when someone starts to have control or power
(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
e.g. the assumption of responsibility 承担责任，就职
make assumptions / an assumption about… 对……做假设
on the assumption that… 假定……，假设……
【拓展】
assume v. 假定，设想
assume (that)… 假定……，认定……
assume … to be/as … 假定……是……，认定……是……
e.g. Don’t always assume the worst.
We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they’ve decided to remain silent.
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
【注意】
assuming conj. 假设……为真，假如
引导从句时和supposing, providing, provided, given that用法相同。
e.g. Assuming (that) he’s still alive, how old would he be now
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The theory is based on a series of wrong _____________ (assume).
2) So we think it is reasonable ____________(assume) they lived in these caves.
3) ___________(assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give it up.
教材原句： 6. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语；先行词是the first hybrid rice
overcome v. to successfully control a feeling or problem; to fight and win against someone or something 克服（困难）；征服，战胜
e.g. He struggled to overcome his shyness.
China overcame the Netherlands 2-1.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 找出办法战胜困难。
2) 她终于克服了上课时的羞怯。
3) 尤文图斯队(Juventus)在这场扣人心弦的比赛中，战胜了阿贾克斯队(Ajax) 。
教材原句： 7. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
这种杂交种水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。
expand v. 1) to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger 扩大，增加
2) to open new shops, factories etc 扩展，发展业务
3) to give more details about something you have said
or written 细谈，详述
e.g. Water expands as it freezes.
The hotel wants to expand its business by giving a discount.
Tom later expanded on his initial statement.
expand (…) into (把……)扩展/发展成……
expand on / upon 详述，详细阐明
expand, enlarge, extend & spread
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) Sydney’s population expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
2) The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.
3) I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.
教材原句： 8. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
estimate vt. to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc of sth., without calculating it exactly 估计，估算
e.g. Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.
科学家估计吸烟缩短寿命平均大约为 12 年。
estimate n. a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of something 估计，估算
e.g. The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate.
数字将只有两百万左右，还不到最初估计的一半。
estimate sth. at … 估算某物为……
be estimated to do sth. 被估计做某事
It is estimated (that)… 据估计……
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) It was difficult ______________(estimate) how many trees had been destroyed.
2) __________ is estimated that smoking causes 1,000,000 premature deaths every year.
3) Ocean plastic is estimated ___________(kill) millions of animals every year.
domestic adj.
1) relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries 本国的；国内的
2) relating to family relationships and life at home
家庭的，家务事的
e.g. domestic flights 国内航班
domestic policy 国内政策
GDP (gross domestic product) 国内生产总值
domestic violence 家庭暴力
comprise vt. to consist of particular parts, groups etc.
包括，由……构成
be comprised of 由……组成，包含
e.g. The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
The collection is comprised of 230 paintings.
【归纳】 表示组成的搭配
整体 部分
【语境应用】完成句子。
A football team ______________________________(由……组成)
eleven players while six players can ______________(组成) a volleyball team.
教材原句： 9. Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case.
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。
1) given prep. 只要是；考虑到；假定；已知
given + that从句: 考虑到，鉴于，引导条件状语从句。
e.g. Given his age, he is very strong and healthy.
Given that the students need more exercise, the head
teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
2) far from the case 远非如此
也可以说far from being the case
far from sth. 远远不；绝非 (后接名词、动名词或“being+形 容词”，being可省略)
e.g. His work is far from (being) satisfactory.
他的工作一点也不令人满意。
Keys
原句1.介词+关系代词
1). without which
2) both of whom are lawyers
devote
1) My uncle decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific study.
2) She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely to her art.
原句4.
convinced her of
I am convinced that
原句5.
assumptions
to assume
Assuming
原句6.
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class.
Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling match.
原句7
悉尼的人口在20世纪60年代迅速增长。
这家旅馆想增加一个游泳池来扩大业务。
我重复了这个问题，等她再问。
原句8.
estimate
to estimate
It
to kill
comprise
is made up of / is comprised of / is composed of / consist of
make up

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