资源简介

Unit3 Using Language(2) 课时内容 Express your opinions on sea exploration
主题语境；人与自然 子主题：海洋探索 文本分析： 主题群：宇宙探索 语篇类型：议论文
【What】该部分的语篇是两篇议论性质的短文，针对“海洋探索的利弊”表达针锋 相对的观点。短文一认为海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害，弊大于利；短文二 认为要更好地了解我们的星球就必须探索占地球绝大部分面积的海洋。
【Why】鼓励学生讨论和获取关于“海洋探索的利弊”的信息，引导学生掌握议论 文的文体结构和语言特征，并利用所学语言、文化知识，根据不同目的和受众创 作新的语篇以及形成批判性思维，写出一篇有理有据的议论文，启发学生辩证看 待海洋开发，引导学生树立正确的海洋发展观。
【How】文本是两篇典型的议论文。作者采用“argument-evidence-restatement/ recommendation/a call to action”的论述结构，围绕“海洋探索的利弊”,开门见 山给出论点，然后采用“facts,cause and effect,examples,statistics”等论证手段 进行论证，最后重申论点。两篇议论短文虽然观点各异，但本质上都主张保护海 洋、谋求可持续发展、对未来负责，形成正确的海洋发展观。文章为学生有理有 据地表述自己的观点提供了可行参考。
课时目标
学完本课后，学生能够：
掌握议论文的文体结构和语言特点，完成一篇议论文写作，表达自己对海洋探索 的观点，树立正确的海洋发展观。
重点难点 重点
梳理议论文的写作框架、论点和论据，赏析议论文的结构特征和语言表达手法， 为完成议论文写作奠定基础。
难点
1.引导学生掌握议论文的文体结构和语言特征，并指导学生把所学知识运用到 自己的议论文写作中，有理有据地表达观点。
2.引导学生思考人类与海洋之间的关系，树立正确的海洋发展观。
教学准备 教师准备
人类探索海洋、开发利用海洋的相关知识。 学生准备
1. 预习课文内容。
2. 结合网络资源，多渠道了解人类开发利用海洋带来的好处和引发的问题。 活动一：感知与注意
Voice and write.
(1)Write the title "Should the Sea Be Explored "on the blackboard.Ask students to voice their opinions,and then divide the class into two groups:one group supports the exploration while the other opposes it.
(2)Divide each group into several small groups.Ask them to collect evidence to
support their ideas and finish a debate.Then have them write an argumentative essay.
【设计意图】“Should the Sea Be Explored ”是一个学生比较熟悉的话题，课堂 以学生发人自己的观点表达自己的态度导入，既活跃了课堂气氛，又引出了本课 主题，同时使学生明确学习任务和学习目的。
活动二：获取与梳理
1.Review.
Ask students to read the rubric of Activity 1 and answer the following two questions to review what they have learnt about argumentative essay.
·What are the three parts in argumentative essay
·What ways can be used to help evidences to prove the points
Suggested answers:
·Argument,evidence,restatement/recommendation/a ca1l to action.
·Facts,examples,statistics,quotes,expert opinions,anecdotal evidence,personal
experience.
2.Read for the structure and details.
(1)Ask students to skim Text 1,divide it into three parts and tell what they are.
(2)Ask students to read Text 1 and write down the argument,evidence and restatement.
Suggested answers:
Argument:Sea exploration has caused problems. Evidence:
①Exploration causes pollution. Deep water Horizon oil spill
Plastic pollution
②Mining for resources is damaging. It hurts the Arctic.
Burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
③Overfishing is an issue.
Whales and dolphins are hunted.
Banned,but some countries are still doing it.
Restatement:Less exploration and more protection
【设计意图】引导学生厘清议论文的语篇结构特点和文体特点，提炼主旨大意。 活动三：概括与整合
Read for skill and language.
(1)Ask students to read Text 1 again and finish the structure map. Suggested answers:
①Deep water Horizon oil spill;plastic pollution
②Over 200 million gallons of oil
③It hurts the Arctic;burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
④Whales and dolphins are hunted.
⑤Banned in 1982,but some countries are still"murdering"these intelligent creatures
(2)Ask students to read Text 1 and answer the following two questions. ·What's the tense of Text 1
(
·
)What words are used to help to explain the evidence
Suggested answers:
(
·
)The future tense and the present tense.
·also,because of,further,another,although,..
【设计意图】赏析文本的语言特征，学习语篇的写作框架和语言表述的特点，引 导学生搜集支撑观点的论据，为学生进行辩论和写作积累素材和搭建支架。
StepⅡ 应用实践
活动四：内化与运用
Read for writing.
Ask students to read Text 2 and finish the following tasks.After that,have them check the answers with their group members.
(1)Read for the structure and details.
①Ask students to skim Text 2,divide it into three parts and tell what they are.
②Ask students to find the argument,evidence and recommendation in Text 2.
Suggested answers:
①Part 1:Para.1-argument
Part 2:Paras.2~3-evidence
Part 3:Para.4-recommendation
②Argument:We must explore the oceans. Evidence:
a.Sea exploration is important for our future.
Scientific research ships can help address important issues like climate change.
b.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
New medicines,food resources and energy. Predict events such as earthquakes.
c.We need new resources for future development.
Vast amounts of resources may be under the sea and ice.
Recommendation:Manage the balance between sea protection and economic needs.
(2)Read for skill and language.
①Ask students to draw a structure map for Text 2.
②Ask students to find the tense used in the text and the words used to help to
explain the evidence.
【设计意图】学生主动参与语言实践活动，先自主阅读独立完成学习任务，后小 组讨论共同分享答案，在实践运用的过程中深化对议论文结构特征和语言表达手 法的认识，搜集论据素材，掌握有效学习策略。
Step ⅢI迁移创新
活动五：推理与论证
Ask students to look at the two charts and decide which one supports which text.(Activity 2)
Suggested answers:
Text 1:Global trends in the state of world marine fish stocks Text 2:Decline in oil spills
【设计意图】通过学会理解多模态语篇，培养学生提升阅读统计数据(议论文的 另外一种论证手段)的能力。
活动六：批判与评价 Debate.
Organise a debate between two groups with the topic of "Should the Sea Be Explored "in the class.Ask students to evaluate the performance of the two groups with the following evaluation standard.
Does each group focus on their point of view
Does each group express their opinions clearly and logically
Are each group's evidences persuasive enough to beat the opposite group
Is their control over voice,speed and rhythmn in their representation appropriate Does each group member use non-verbal means to enhance persuasion
【设计意图】学生分成两组，围绕“Should the Sea Be Explored ”开展辩论。教师 提醒学生注意：观点是否明确，论据是否充分，逻辑是否清晰，声音、语速、节 奏的控制是否得当以及是否使用非语言手段增强说服力。学生调动跨学科知识就 海洋探索发表自己的观点，从利弊方面全面看待海洋探索，深入理解海洋探索与 人类发展的辩证关系，提升批判性思维能力，树立正确的海洋发展观。
活动七：想象与创造 1.Think and discuss.
Ask students to discuss the following questions in groups.
·Do you change your opinion after reading the two texts and engaging in the
debate Why or why not
(
·
)Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are
important
2.Write an argumentative essay.
(1)Ask students to write an argumentative essay on sea exploration,expressing their opinions with supporting facts.Have them use the questions in Activity 4,Exercise 1and the PEEL method in Activity 4,Exercise 2 to help them.
(2)Ask students to exchange their draft with a partner and use the checklist to give feedback on their partner's draft.
Are his/her opinions clear and do his/her facts support his/her opinions
Does his/her information flow easily from one paragraph to another
>Does he/she stay focused on his/her point of view throughout the writing
Does he/she save the most compelling or strongest point for the end of the paper
Does his/her writing make sense
(3)Ask students to put up their drafts on the wall.Have them evaluate other classmates' drafts and choose the best one.
Suggested answer:
Even though the oceans make up about 70%of the earth's surface,more than 80% of the oceans remain unexplored.While some people say that we should not explore the oceans,their reasoning is not very sound.Exploring is not the same as exploiting. When we explore a place,we go just to see and understand what is there.
We should explore the ocean,first and foremost,because we do not know what we do not know.We thought we knew many about the ocean,but we were wrong. There could be life forms in the ocean,for example,that fit none of the neat categories we have for life while we have no clue that they even exist.
This brings up the second point.We already know many things about the ocean,but we need to learn more.A good example is ocean acidification.We know that it is causing coral to die.We know that using less fossil fuel would cause the process to slow down.However,we need to learn more to find out how to stop it.We need more research to see what is going on,and to come up with plans and solutions.
Finally,to do this research,we have to enter an extreme environment not very friendly to humans.This requires the development of new technologies that can also benefit us in other areas.For example,in many ways,the deep ocean resembles outer space.The technologies can benefit each other.For another instance,the technology of a mechanical arm to collect samples with has been used in factories and development of artificial limbs for humans.
All in all,there are many good reasons to explore the oceans.If we care about science,about protecting our oceans,and about developing new technologies,we need to do all we can to support ocean exploration.
【设计意图】通过写作，学生在运用中巩固课堂所学知识，建构自己的写作知识 体系；从论据的支撑、论述逻辑的严密性、论证手法等角度开展互评，通过画廊 漫步的形式(将学生作品贴于教室墙壁，学生轮流观看，利用便利贴依据标准并 结合个人体会进行评价),选出最佳价品，在相互交流与学习的过程中进一步提 升写作能力。

展开更多......

收起↑