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学习目标 掌握被动语态的结构，并达到熟练运用。
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I eat an apple. What’s wrong with this apple now 正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态： 。英语的语态是通过 表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 “be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词vt..--- 本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词v.i.---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 　　例 . 参观者请勿触摸展品。 　　2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例 任务的所有准备工作已经完成，我们准备开始。 　　3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例 这里正在建造一座新电影院。 　　4) was/were done 一般过去时 例 我有十分钟的时间来决定是否拒绝这一提议。 　　5) had been done 过去完成时 例 到去年年底，北京的另一个新公园已经完成了。 　　6) was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例 会议举行时我在那里。 　　7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 如果工厂关闭，几百份工作就会没了。 　　8) should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例 只要消息一到，就会直接被送达士兵的母亲那边。 　　 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 二、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例： 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 .这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例： 窗户是迈克打破的。 这本书是他写的。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （4）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信， It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知， It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 例 据说这个男孩已经通过了国考。 三、主动语态变 被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例： All the people laughed at him. ---- They make the bikes in the factory. ---- 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的第二个宾语变为主语，第一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 　　3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 　　4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，这些词的后面要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 　　5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 四、主动形式表示被动意义 　　1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语（主语通常是物）特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义。 　　例 This kind of cloth washes well. 　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock. 　　 The door won't be locked. 　　2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例 How do the newspapers come out 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢 　　3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　中考英语语法知识点之主动语态与被动语态的区别 　　在主动语态中，主语后面接人(be +动词原型) 主语是谓语动词的使动方 被动语态(be+动词过去分词) 主语是谓语动词的受动方 例：主动语态：We use electricity to run machines. 　　 被动语态： 中考英语考点 之 主动形式表示被动意义 　　大家都知道，用被动语态(形式)来表达被动意义，但有些句子用的却是主动形式，表达的却是被动意义。下面我们就来总结一下常见的用主动形式表示被动意义的几种形式。 　　1.连系动词(如：feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如： 　　This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。 　　 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。 　　2. 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语一般为事物。这些动词有：sell,read, write,wash,wear,last等。如： 　　The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。 　　 这种食物很畅销。 　　3. 动词need, want, require表示"需要时"，后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如： 　　Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫一下。 　　 我的房子需要修理一下。 　　4. 在"be worth doing"短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。如： 　　 这本书很值得一读。 　　5. 在"主语 +be + adj +to do"这个句型中，不定式动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，则用主动形式表示被动意义。如： 　　This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 　　 英语很好学。 　　6. Won't或wouldn't表示"不愿"时，后面的动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： 　　The door won't open. 这门就是打不开。 　　 这个盒子就是移不动。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 主动语态改为被动语态 We often use a recorder（录音机） in our English class. 二、 选择填空 1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 4. His father ___ _____ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 选择填空 5. The pen ________ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9. ________ his work ________ yet A. have…been finished B. has …been finished C. has …finished D. have…finished 10. The classroom ________ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned 11. I promise that matter will _______. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 12. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given 13. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 14. Can such a thing _____ happening again A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from 15. A new house ________ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 16. This bike ________ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bough 17. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 18. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided 19. The pen _______ me. It is hers. A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to 20 I can’t use my bike because it _______. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing 21. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____. A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard 22. — The window is dirty. — I know. It _____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 23. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 24. — How long _______ at this job —Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed 25.— What happened to the priceless works of art —_______ A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them

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