资源简介 高考英语考前必备知识点梳理! 01名词★★★★★ 常考的不可数名词有: water,advice,air,work,time,homework,bread,milk,fun,information,news,progress,practice,weather,wealth,voice,room(空间), knowledge,equipment , attention,wildlife,patience,furniture , technology,luggage,baggage等。word:表示“言语,话”时是可数名词表示消息 重点,(不可数):Word came that...消息传来【易错】1.当名词作定语时,数的变化分两种:(1)当man和woman修饰名词复数时,将man和woman同时变为复数,如:a man doctor→some men doctors。(2)当不是man或woman修饰时,只把被修饰的名词变为复数,如:a girl student→two girl students。2. 修饰不可数名词的词:some, any much, little, a lot of/lots of, a little3.既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词的常见修饰语:some/any一些 all全部的most大多数的 enough足够的a lot of/lots of/plenty of许多所有格:人:两者各自拥有:Mike’s and John’s room两者共有: Mike and John’s复数所有格:teachers’ office物: the picture of my family【技法词汇】1. 以下词汇出现:these,those,few,a few,many,several, different, various, some, a good/great many(of)2.修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有this,that,little,a little,a bit of,much,a great deal of,a large amount of 等。3.有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,如:all,some,enough,a lot of, lots of,plenty of,a (large)quantity of 等。4.只用复数名词belongings n.财产 possessions n.财产 congratulations祝贺surroundings n.环境 findings n.发现 good/bad manners n.有礼貌/没礼貌take turns 轮流 in all directions 四面八方 in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪02数词基数词:one 、two、 three 、four、 five....序数词:first 、second、third、fourth 、fifth(一)基变序 变化规则 1-12 fourth、sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh13-19 “ teen+th”不变化规则 1-12 first、second、third、ffith、eighth、ninth、twelfth整十(以ty结尾)ty→tieth twenty-twentieth几十几 只变个位 fifty-one →fifty-first【要点】(1)表示年龄:on one’s/the + 序数词 birthday 在某人...岁的生日in one’s + 基数词复数 在某人几岁时 in one's fifties(在某人五十多岁时)。at the age of nine(九岁)He is ten years old. = He is ten-year-old boy.(2)“基数词+连字符+名词”(=形容词)作定语,名词用单数形式。如:a five year plan一个五年计划a ten minute walk=ten minutes’ walk步行10分钟的路程(3) two more hours.=another two hours. 再,又,另外多两个小时(4)分数表达法:分子(基数词)/分母(序数词),当分子>1时,分母用复数形式,one fifth, two fifths(5)百分数:基数词 +percent 5%次数:once、 twice、three times (基础词+ times)(6)页码 Page + 基数词, e.g. Page 12概数词03冠词1.定冠词the①上文提及,独一无二,普通名词构成的专有名词前,西洋乐器前,序数词前,最高级前,用定冠词the。②含有修饰限定词的结构中③“the+adj.”表示一类人2.泛指,表“一个”用a/an。往往没有修饰限定词,a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词①首字母是元音字母,但发辅音,用冠词a,如a university,a+useful/usual/unique/united/European/one eyed/one way +名词②以u开头,但用an(往往是un 否定前缀):an+unusual/unhappy/unforgettable+名词,an umbrella雨伞③首字母是辅音字母但发元音:an hour,an honor,an+honest+名词3.固定搭配中的冠词①定冠词thecatch/hit/take+sb.+介+the+身体部位,in the 1990s,on the Internet,in/over/during the past days/months/years在过去的……日/月/年,make the most/best of充分利用,in the countryside在乡下,be in the habit of有……的习惯,at the same time同时,at the top of在……的顶端,for the time being暂时,the other day=a few days ago几天前,on the way在途中,in the long term/run长远看来,the more...,the more...句型②不定冠词a/anhave a good time玩得高兴,make a living谋生,as a result因此,for a while一会,in a hurry匆忙地,in a word总之,at a distance离一段距离,a waste of...浪费,a matter of...……的问题,have a good knowledge of 精通;掌握,make an apology道歉,pay a visit to拜访,keep an eye on照看;关注③抽象名词具体化:表示一个……的人/事a success/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failure③不用冠词①月/季/星期/节假(day 构成)/洲/呼语/头衔/职务(作表语、补语、同位语时)/三餐/球类惯用语/学科/棋类②与by连用的交通工具前零冠词by sea,by car,by air③固定词组at war在交战中in peace处于和平状态in good condition情况良好catch/lose sight of 看(不)到do harm to对……有害in place 在恰当的位置【改错注意要点】1.漏用定冠词the2.定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an的混用3.有冠词和没有冠词含义有区别①in front of 在……前面(在范围之外)/in the front of 在……前部(在范围之内)②in control of 控制/in the control of被……控制③in charge of 管理/in the charge of受……管理④in word 口头上/in a word 总而言之⑤take place 发生/take the place of 代替⑥out of question=beyond question毫无疑问/out of the question=impossible 不可能⑦by day在白天/by the day 按天计算⑧in possession of sth.拥有某物/in the possession of sb.为某人所拥有⑨in place of 代替/in the place of 在……地方1.名词所有格表示和名词之间的所属关系;构成“one’s+名词”结构。2.名词作定语修饰另外一个名词,表示材料、类别或用途。04介词搭配常考介词:from/to; /with/without; /for/against;; about; off, away, as/like,(一)规律1. 从大 中 小方面 区分 in on at 的用法:大 中 小时间:in on(具体一天) at (时刻/时间点)地点:in at方位:in(里面) on(接壤)上面 to (隔海相望)2.in 与 on 的时间特指问题▲(泛指)in the morning 与(特指具体某一天)on the night of my birthday / on the morning of May 8,2004( )1. My brother joined the army .A. 1989, MarchB. in March, 1989 C. March, 1989 D. 1989, in March( )2. Don’t stay inside________such a sunny morning. Let’s go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.A. onB. in C. from D. at3.in 与after 都表示“在... 以后”的用法区别in + 一段时间表....后,在……(多久)以后”,常与一般将来时连用,常用how soon 提问after+时间点,常与一般将来时连用,; after +时间段,常与一般过去时连用(不能与将来时连用), She wil arrive in two hours. 她两小时后会到达。She'll arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。She came back after two weeks. 她两周后回来了。4.since 与 for 的用法区别、标志动词结构since+具体的过去时间点(常与现在完成时连用), 从句用过去时for+时间段(常与现在完成时连用)I have lived in Guangdong since 2015.自从2015年我就住在广东了I have lived in Guangdong since three years ago.自从五年前我就住在广东了。I have lived in Baise for three years. 我已经在广东住了五年了。( ) 1. —When did Mr. Green arrive in London?—He arrived there ________ the evening of December 6th.A.at B.in C. on D.to5.of 与 for 在It’s 句型中的用法区分It+be+adj.(easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible)+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是adjIt+be+adj.(kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等) +of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是很adj的,此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。( )It is very kind ________ you to help me with my lessons because it is very difficult ________ me to learn them well. A.of; for B.of; of C.for; of D.for; for6.until 与 tilluntil可用于否定句,谓语动词需用短暂性动词 not...until 直到...才。I waited for you until eleven o'clock this morning.今早我等你等到11点。Bob doesn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.鲍勃直到11点才睡觉。7.besides (除了... 之外,还有)与 except (除去...之外 (不包括在内)1.We have to wear uniforms every day ________ weekends.2.The teacher told us to copy all the words in this unit________ writing an English diary.There is too much homework.8.between 在........(两者)之间与 among1. among指在三者以上之间He is the tallest among the three boys.他是三个男孩中最高的。2. between指在两者之间The bank is between the museum and the supermarket. 银行在博物馆和超市之间。9.through 与 across1. through指“从中间穿过” go through the window/the hole/the door/the forest/the city/the clouds2.across指“从表面越过;从一端到另一端” go across the bridge/the river/the road/the ocean10.against “与……对抗,和……竞争”,反对,倚靠Our team played against yours and we won. 我们队和你们队比赛,我们队赢了。11.for 给……,对……(而言),为了……;因....; 支持Let me do it for you.让我为你做它吧。prepare for为……准备 thanks for(=thank you for)因……而感谢 be famous/known for 因……而著名be good for 对……有益12.of 属于……的,表示“……的数量或种类”It was the beginning of the new term.这是新学期的开始。13.about 关于chat about闲聊 talk about谈论 care about关心;在意 think about考虑 worry about担心 know about 知道;了解14.as/ likelike表示“像……一样”;也可表示“例如”,用于举例说明,用法同such asas表示“作为;以……的身份”,后面常跟表示职业的名词Nancy is like her mother.南希和她妈妈一样。He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此作为一个科学家而闻名。15.方式、手段介词in 使用某种材料、语言或声音 in a low voice, in English,in redon 后接网络、电器等 on the Internet,on TV,on the mobile phone,on the radiowith (1)和……一起 Mum, I will go with you.妈,我和你一起去。(2)带有,附有 There is a pond with many fish in it.池塘里有很多鱼。(3)用…工具 I have to cut it with a knife.我不得不用把刀来切它。(4)随着 ith the development of the science and technology,people are living a better and better life.随着科学技术的发展,人们过上了越来越好的生活。固搭:(dis)agree with(不)同意某人的观点chat with和……聊天 talk with/to 与……交谈fill...with...用……把……充满 help sb.with...在某方面帮助某人get on well with 和……相处得好fall in love with爱上 get on well with 和……相处得好 be pleased with 对……满意be good with 和……相处得好16.by 用……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具by hand, by watching movies,by bus/plane/car/bike/underground17.交通方式的表达 :by / take / on、in(1)in/on+限定词+交通工具。如:on the bus,on an early train,on a plane,on the ship,on a horse,on the bike,in my car,in a boat等。on foot是固定搭配。特例: (2)by+交通工具。如:by bike骑自行车;如:by air/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。05代词1.人称代词种类 单数 复数第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they宾格 me you him, her it us you them物主代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs反身代词 myself yourself Himself, herself, itself ourselves yourselves themselves指示代词 this, that等 these, those 等疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等不定代词 each, everyone, everybody, everything, some, someone, somebody, something, few, a few little, a little 等2.不定代词针对此类试题,需要注意以下三点:①不同的范围:表两者用both/either/each/neither,表三者及三者以上用all/every/each/none;②表示肯定或否定:表肯定all/both/either/each/every,表否定用neither/none;③指代可数或不可数:指代可数则用many, few, a few和some;不可数则用much, little, a little等。因此,掌握各个常见代词的基本含义是基础,熟记常考易混代词是解题的关键。another,other,others,the other,the others单词 词义 用法other 其他的 不单独使用,后接单数或复数名词,泛指the other 两个人或物中的另一个 常构成one..., the other...,特指两者中的另一个another 另一个,另外的 后接单数名词或“数字+复数名词”,泛指others 另外的人或物 用来代替“other + 可数名词复数”,特指the others 其他所有 相当于the rest或“the other+名词复数”固定搭配others = other + N (可数名词复数).the others=the other+ N (可数名词复数).★★★★★“都”,“都不”,“任一”,“每一”单词 范围 含义及用法 例句both 两者 两者都, 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。常用词组:both…and… Both he and she like eating bananas.他俩都喜欢吃香蕉。neither 两者都不,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。常用词组:neither…nor…(谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”) Neither she nor her sisters have a car.她和她的姐妹们都没有车。either 两者中任何一个作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。常用词组:either…or…(谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”) —What would you like to drink?你想喝点什么?—Either coffee or tea is OK.咖啡或茶都行。all 三者及以上 所有的,全部都 Now,almost all the children in big cities are having a happy life.现在,几乎所有大城市的孩子们都过着幸福的生活。none 表示“(三者或三者以上)都不” None of us know how to treat her.我们中没有任何人知道该如何对待她。any 任何一个every 每一,强调整体,后不可加of短语仅作定语,不可单独使用each 每一,强调个体,后可加of短语用作形容词或代词,可单独使用one的用法one指代可数名词,既可指人,也可指物。它既可以单独使用,也可以放在单数可数名词前作定语。1.单独使用时,泛指“人” “一个人” “人们”。One should do one's best all the time.一个人无论何时都应尽自己最大努力。2.表示具体的“一个人”或“一件事物”。He is not one who is easy to work with.他不是一个容易共事的人。3.代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词,表示泛指意义,以避免重复,ones代替可数名词复数。I don't like this sweater. Will you please show me another one?我不喜欢这件毛衣。你能再给我拿一件吗?辨析: it \ one\ that用法 例句It 特指上下文提到的对象是同一物。 The book is mine. It’s very interesting.one 替代“a/ an + 可数名词单数”,复数形式是ones, 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物。 —Who has a novel named Tiny Times?—I have one.that 替代“the + 可数名词单数或不可数名词”, 即同名不同物,常用于比较级结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复,复数形式是those,表特指。 The population of Shenzhen is larger than that of many other cities in China. 词根 one(指人) body(指人) thing(指物)some(肯定) someone(某人) somebody(某人) something(某事,某物)any(否定/肯定) anyone(任何人) anybody(任何人) anything(任何事)every(肯定) everyone(每个人) everybody(每个人) everything(每件事,一切)no(否定) no one(没有人) nobody(没有人) nothing(没有什么(东西))复合不定代词考点:(1)some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中;any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。Can I have something to drink, please 请问我可以喝点东西吗?He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。注意:anyone,anything也可用在肯定句中,前者表示“任何人”,后者表示“任何事”。I can do anything for you. 我能为你做任何事情。(2)复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。(3)形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如:something important 一些重要的事There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。(4)everybody, everyone, everything 与not连用表示否定,意为“并非每个都……”,完全否定用nobody,no one,none,nothing。06动词 找谓语与连词,确定动词功能如何从形式上区分谓语与非谓语:除了一般体无助动词外,其余时态语态将谓语动词去掉主动词即为非谓语,注意好动词的过去式(发生在过去,主动)与过去分词(被动,完成)谓语的掌握要点:定义、时态结构、标志词be +adj(表示特征;状态)/n (表示身份)/prep.感官动词;look, sound, smell, taste, feel,系动词 变化:become, grow,go,turn,get保持:remain,stay,keep似乎:seem, appear be doing 进行done 被动助动词 have(has,had) done 完成(已经)been done 完成被动will do 将来 V/Ves;(一般现在) Ved(一般过去)do(does,did) 构成否定,疑问,倒装常见解题技巧技法1.利用时态标志词1.一般现在时:sometimes,every week/day/year/morning,often,always,usually,seldom,now and then。2.一般过去时:once upon a time,yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,时间段+ago,时间段+later, in+过去的年份。3.现在完成时:lately,recently,so/by far,by now,up to now,until now,in/during/over the past/last few+时间段等。in/over recent+时间段,since+过去的时间点,ever since等。4.现在进行时:Look!Listen!now, at present,at this moment/time/minute,currently。5.过去进行时:at that moment/time/minute,then。6.一般将来时:tomorrow,next week/month/year,in (the coming) +时间段,upcoming,in the future。7.过去完成时:by+过去的时间,by then,by the end of+过去的时间点,until then, before+过去的时间点。8.将来进行时:at this time/moment tomorrow等。技法2.巧用主从时态呼应主动句时态一致,但以下情况除外(1)在if, as soon as, until, when 等引导的状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。如:If it doesn’t rain this afternoon, we’ll have a football match.(2)现在完成时 + since + 一般过去时技法3.熟记固定句式定时态1.It/This/That is the first/second/...time that sb./sth.have/has done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。2.It/This/That was the first/second/...time that sb./sth.had done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。3.hardly/scarcely/rarely...had done...when sb./sth.did...和no sooner had done...than sb./sth.did表示“一……就……”。4.It is (high) time that sb./sth.did/should do... 到了某人/某物该做……的时候了。5....was/were doing...when sb./sth.did某人/某物正在做……这时突然……6.do sth, and(然后)/ or; otherwise(否则) sb will do... 做某事,然后/否则某人就会技法4.上下文中找线索(1)瞻前顾后找并列表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致,如:and,but,not only...but also连接的句子时态相呼应,应该一致。(2)细心体会辨语境语法填空中有些题目在时间状语和连接成分不大明显的情况下,可以通过语境的理解和把握来确定答案。I was writing a letter to a friend last night.昨天晚上,我在给一个朋友写一封信。(信不一定写完,强调动作)主谓一致1.核心定义:主谓一致即语法形式的一致,数的一致。①主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。②主语为单个不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。③主语为复数名词或两个或以上不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用复数。④a large quantity of+名词,谓语动词用单数;quantities of+名词,谓语动词用复数。⑤定语从句如果缺少主语,谓语动词与先行词,即从句所修饰的名词或代词保持数的一致。2.就近原则①either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...等并列连词连接主语时。②there be 句型中,谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致。3.就远原则:名词+介词短语+名词,谓语动词与离的远的第一个名词,即句子的主语保持数的一致。介词短语包括:with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等。【易错知识点】a number of + Ns 许多...the numbe of + Ns + V原/is/was ...的数量the+ad表示一类人 → V原/are/weresome + 可数名词复数 →谓复不可数名词→谓语单数more than one +可数名词单数 →谓单many a + 可数名词单数 →谓单a good many +Ns →谓复trousers、glasses a/two pair(s) of 修饰 → 由pair 决定无修饰→谓复百分数 & 分数 + N → 由N决定集体名词 people, police, trousers, the Green, clothes做主语 → 谓复被动语态技技法1.语态问题采用“先语态、后时态”,再通过“逻辑关系”来解决语态问题(1)若题干中含有“by sb.”,可直接判定使用被动语态。(2)若题干中没有提示词by和with,则根据主语和谓语的逻辑关系来判定。①当主语是人时,谓语动词的动作由主语发出,则用主动语态;反之,则用被动语态。②当主语是物时,谓语动词通常要用被动语态。(3)掌握几种常用的主动形式表被动的特殊情况。(1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste等+形容词/名词。如:The song sounds wonderful. 这首歌听上去棒极了。(2)sell, open, wash, write, clean, read, cut等词作不及物动词时,主语为物,一般与well, easily等副词连用,可用主动结构表被动意义。如:This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。(3)某些动词(词组)中,用v. ing形式作宾语,表被动意义,如:need/want/require doing/to be done“需要被做”;be worth doing“值得做”。如:The radio needs repairing/to be repaired.这台收音机需要被修理。(4)表示开始、结束或运动的词,如:begin, start, finish, open, close, stop, shut等。如:Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.今天早上七点开始工作。技法2.固定句式用语态It is said that... 据说……It is believed that... 有人相信……It is supposed that... 据推测说……It is thought that... 人们认为……技法3. 不能使用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态,常见的有:breathe,happen/take place,exist,consist(由...组成)of=be made of = be composef of,remain,rise,taste,survive,belong to,break out(战争疾病的爆发),break down 抛锚,shut off, turn off, (关闭) work out,come up,come true 不及物: 无被动,不直接+ sth(借个介词+ sth)(2)表示状态的动词没有被动语态,常见的有:have, own, fail, cost, fit, last(持续)等;【易错点】动词的不规则变化become-became-become-becomingbegin-began-begun-beginningfind-found-found-findinggo-went-gone-goinghold-held-held-holdingrise-rose-risen-risingrun-ran-run-runningsee-saw-seen-seeingtake-took-taken-takingtell-told-told-tellingwake-woke-woken-wakingwrite-wrote-written-writing过去式、过去分词和v. ing都需双写admit-admitted-admitted-admittingcontrol-controlled-controlled-controllingequip-equipped-equipped-equippingoccur-occurred-occurred-occurringpermit-permitted-permitted-permittingprefer-preferred-preferred-preferringrefer-referred-referred-referringregret-regretted-regretted-regretting虚拟语气1.if 条件句的虚拟①对过去的虚拟,if 条件句中用had done②对现在的虚拟,if 条件句中用一般过去时2.固定句式①It’s (high) time that...did/should do 该是时候做某事②would rather (that) sb.did(对现在/将来的虚拟)或者had done(对过去的虚拟) 宁愿③suggest/advise/order/require/insist 后的 that从句中的虚拟:从句谓语动词用should+do,should 可以省略④wish that sb.did/were(对现在的虚拟) 或者had done(对过去的虚拟)3.关键词 without/or/otherwise/but for 往往是虚拟的提示词。【改错注意要点】1.一般情况下,上下文的时态要保持一致。所以,如果通篇为一般现在时,错误就是那个不同的一般过去时;如果通篇都是一般过去时,错误就是那个不同的一般现在时。2.主系表结构:形容词或介词短语作表语,前面必须有系动词。3.时间、条件状语从句中,主将从现,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。非谓语:固定搭配、主被动、目的分析动名词(名词的功能):Ving (抽象或习惯性、多次的动作)分词(形容词副词的动能):Ving 表示主动、进行Ved 表示被动、完成不定式(除了谓语外,其余句子成分都能充当):表示目的、将来(一次性具体动作)【易错点】主动形式表示被动:系动词、值得、需要,be +adj + to do,被动形式表主动:系表结构的目的状语: to do、in order to、so as to(不可置句首)原因状语:be +adj + to do,V-ing:,表示顺其自然产生的结果to do :表示出人意料的结果be...enough to do sth.,too...to do sth.,so...as to do sth.,such...as to do sth. only to do固定搭配1.to do①enough to do sth.足够(……)去做某事②be likely to do sth.很可能做某事③too...to...太……而不能……④be used to do sth.被用来做某事⑤be designed to do sth.被设计用来做某事⑥be intended to do sth.打算做某事⑦tend to 倾向于⑧be to blame 应受责备(无被动)⑨aim to do sth.旨在做某事⑩be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 the first/last(序数词) to do sth.第一个/最后一个做某事的人 the aim/ability/chance/opportunity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target to do sth.做某事的目的/能力/机会/计划/承诺/目的/雄心/目标 can’t/can hardly wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。 It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事。 sb./sth.be said/be supposed/believed/be thought/known/reported to do/to be done/to have done据说/认为/报道某人/某物…… it remains to be seen...尚待分晓;拭目以待2.v. ing①be (well) worth doing sth.值得做某事②can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事③have fun doing sth.做某事很开心④feel like doing sth.想做某事⑤get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事⑥It’s no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣⑦have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难⑧have a difficult/hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难⑨be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事⑩spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱或时间做某事 prevent/stop...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事 aim at doing sth.旨在做某事 succeed (in) doing sth.成功地做成了某事 There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 主语+be+adj.+to do 句型适用于此结构的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。介词后+v. ing:by/of/from/with/without/after等。3.to为介词的短语be/get/become used to doing习惯于be accustomed to doing习惯于be addicted to doing沉溺于;对……上瘾be opposed to doing反对object to doing 反对devote oneself to献身于;专心于be devoted to 致力于;忠诚于be admitted to 被……录取;准许进入lead to doing 导致contribute to doing 贡献;导致;促进look forward to doing sth.期待做某事stick to doing sth.坚持做某事be equal to sth.胜任做某事have access to 有接近(某物的)方法attach great importance to doing sth.重视做某事get down to doing sth.开始做某事the key/approach to doing sth.做某事的关键/方法when it comes to当谈到4.v. 原形1.help (to) do, to 可省2.感官和使役动词:5看look at, see,watch, notice,observe,3使make,let, have,2听hear,listen to,1感feel注意:后接不定式作宾补,省略to;但是变为被动的时候,需要补上to。3.助动词do,情态动词+(not)+动词原形(不能有to)4. had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事5. would you please do sth你能够做某事吗 (表示请求)6. why not do sth.= why don’t you do sth 为什么不做某事?(用于提建议)5. v. 变adj1.形容词化的v. ing,表示“令人……的”,常修饰物。2.形容词化的v. ed,表示“感到……的”,常修饰人。3.特别注意的几个词汇:voice,look,expression,其前往往用v. ed修饰,表示内心的感【易错点】1.forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式。2.(V+ to do)只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one s mind, used, be about, be able, have等。3.(V+doing)只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, feel like, look forward to, can t help, keep (on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等。形容词与副词(修饰关系、比较等级、易混词、连接副词、固定句式)1.形容词修饰名词或者代词。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。3.尤其关注“so+adj./adv.+that”句型。修饰关系: 形容词修饰名词副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子。原级的修饰词:so/ very/too /quite/enough比较级的修饰词:much. / a little / even / still / far …+比较级(er)形容词&副词 比较级与最高级 变化规律:标志词 比较级 er/than/more/有任何明示或暗示的两者比较关系最高级 the est/ most/ of all/ ever/in (表示范 围时)固定结构 原级比较:as ….(原级) as; not as/so …(原级) as比较级:比较级(er) + thanmore and more + adj; -er and -erthe+比较级,the+比较级比较级表示最高级:than any other + n单than the other + n 复数最高级:最...之一:one of the +最高级 + n 复数+ v单数第几最:the + 序数词+ 最高级 + n 复数【易错点】1.n/v→adj + ly→ adv1).“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加ysimple→simply gentle→gently comfortable→comfortably possible→possiblyreasonable→reasonably probable→probably2).特殊 true→truly3).以 ic结尾加allybasic→basically scientific→scientifically automatic→automatically2.以 ly结尾的形容词:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,deadly,likely,monthly,yearly,daily,weekly,neighbourly一些词没有比较等级:favorite,perfect,excellent,superior。3.同根易混词1.loud出声地---loudly吵闹地 2.close接近地—closely仔细 3.late迟---lately最近 4.wide广阔的---widely广泛地 5.sharp正,指时刻—sharply锐利地 6.hard努力地---hardly几乎不 7.free免费—freely自由地 8.high表空间---highly表程度 9.deep表深度---deeply表程度并列句和三大从句特征,两个谓语结构间必有一连词(除了宾从,与定从外)不需分析句子成分,并列句与状语从句,读通句子即可需要分析句子成分,定语从句(历年高频考点)与 名词性从句步骤:根据句子结构特征判断从句类型,在看从句是否缺成分,缺→连接代词不缺→连接副词高频连接词:名:what(什么)、 that(无意义)、 whether(有疑问)定:which /that = 被修饰的先行词(n)主句, (介词)which + 句子 (该结构不可用that)区分好定语从句(修饰句子)与同位语从句(解释内容)【高频考点】1.并列连词的基本含义and表并列或顺承, but表转折, or表选择,so表因果, for表因为, while表对比且含义为“而”。2.固定结构①并列关系:both...and...两者都, not only...but (also)...不但……而且……②选择关系:either...or...或者……或者……,neither...nor...既不……也不……,not...but...不是……而是……③祈使句+and/or+陈述句3.高频状语从句引导词①时间状语从句:when/while/as/the moment/whenever/until/till/before/after/as soon as/immediately/once/since②地点状语从句:where/wherever③原因状语从句:as/because/since/now that④条件状语从句:if/unless/as long as/in case⑤目的状语从句:so that/in order that⑥结果状语从句:so that/so...that.../such...that...⑦让步状语从句:though/although/as/while/even if/whether...or.../whatever/whoever/however/whenever/no matter+疑问词4.as表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时,需要把表语前置到句首。作表语的名词前置时,有冠词的要去掉冠词。如:Difficult as it may be=Although/Though it may be difficultSilent student as he is =Although/Though he is a silent student【易错点】名词性从句与定语从句1.注意:stage/point/case/situation/scene/degree 等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时,若从句成分完整则用where,若从句缺少主宾成分,则用that/which。2.同位语从句位于抽象意义的名词之后,如:fact,idea,news,truth,hope,doubt,suggestion,belief,evidence等,说明抽象名词的内容。3.that引导名词性从句,没有含义,不充当成分。但是只在引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或第二个宾语从句时绝对不可以省略。4.重点句型What...is that...如:What is the most important is that every one should be present in time.As is known to all, 句子。与 It is known thatas is reported, 句子。与 It is reported thatthe reason why...is that...……的原因是……such ... as(从句缺成分) 与 such that(不缺成分)特殊句式1.强调句①强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分(强调的部分是人,也可以用who,去掉it is/was和that 仍然是个完整的句子)。It is/was not until...that...是对not until引导的时间状语从句的强调。②对谓语动词的强调是do/does/did +动词原形。【易错】在强调句型中, 如果强调的是人,则可以用who或that,而which/what都不对。2.部分倒装①形式:助动词/系动词/情态动词提前到主语前面,后面动词恢复原形。②条件:否定词放句首(hardly,seldom,never,little,not only,not until,by no means等); only+状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)放句首;副词so或 neither(nor)在句首,表示前面所陈述的情况“也”或“也不”,如so do I, so are my friends, neither do I,so修饰形容词或副词(位于句首)。3.完全倒装:谓语动词完全提前到主语前面。①here/there,up/down,now/then,in/out,away/off 或者表地点的介词短语放句首时,用完全倒装。②there be 句型表客观存在性,there 不能替换为they或it。be动词的数要和后面离它近的名词保持一致。如:There is a chair and several tables.There are several tables and a chair.①there seem(s/ed) to be②there appear(s/ed) to be③there happen(s/ed) to be④there used to be⑤there remain(s/ed)4.祈使句+and/or+陈述句5.感叹句:记准what+名词或名词词组,how+adj./adv.①What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语(系动词)!②What+adj.+复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语(系动词)!③How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语(系动词)!④How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语(系动词)!6.状语从句的省略①when/while/after/until/till/if/unless/as(正如)/though 等引导的状语从句中,从句的主语是it且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式时,省略主语和be动词, 如if so/not, if ever,if any,if possible,if convenient等。②状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语为it,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式时,从句的主语和be可同时省略。7.it 句式用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型:①It+be+adj.(+for sb.)to do sth. 常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。②It+be+adj.(+of sb.)to do sth. 此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。③It is no good/no use/useless doing sth.④It's (well) worth doing...⑤It+be+名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)/adj.+that从句⑥It+特殊动词(seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb./...)+that从句⑦It+be+过去分词+that从句⑧It+takes(+sb.)some time/some money to do sth.(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型:①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+adj./n.(for/of sb.) to do/从句②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy/...)+doing...③主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+important/necessary/natural/essential+that...(should)...(3)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.it的固定搭配When it comes to... 当涉及……make it 成功;确定时间后……(后接时间类名词)manage it 能做到as it is 事实上;照原样get it 明白了 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览