资源简介

(共23张PPT)
THE PASSIVE VOICE
被动语态
之前学习过不同的时态
还有不同的语态？
什么是被动语态？
语态跟时态有什么关系？
一、概念
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态
被动语态
如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；
VS
被动语态的结构
be 有人称，时态和数的变化，其肯、否、疑问式的变化规则与be系动词一样。
done 为及物动词的过去分词。
例： I am invited to go to the party by my friend.
These babies are looked after well here.
助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词
主动语态跟被动语态的转化：
①主动句: 主语 +谓语 +宾语
被动句: 主语+be done +by+宾语
主动语态跟被动语态的转化：
Many people speak English
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by many people
主语
谓语
宾语
方法归纳：
1.主变宾，宾变主
2.谓动变成be+done
3.by在被动宾前加
4 其他成分都不变
句型变化
1.陈述句：主语+be+Vp.p.+（by +执行者）
2.否定句：主语+be+not+Vp.p.
3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+Vp.p
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主+Vp.p
句型变化
肯定句 English is widely used around the world.
否定句 English isn’t widely used around the world.
一般疑问句 Is English widely used around the world
肯定回答Yes, it is.
否定回答No, it isn’t.
特殊疑问句 Why is English widely used around the world
各种时态的被动语态
1.一般现在时的被动语态
①一般现在时被动语态的结构:
am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词
②一般现在时被动语态的句型变化
肯定句： The desk is made by my father.
否定句：The desk __isn’t______ made by my father.
一般疑问句： Is the desk made by your father
肯定回答：Yes, it was.
否定回答：No, it wasn’t.
各种时态的被动语态
2.一般过去时的被动语态
①一般过去时被动语态的结构: was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
The desk was made by my father. 这张桌子是由父亲做的.
Last week the old books were sold to raise money for the children.
②一般过去时被动语态的句型变化
肯定句：The desk was made by my father.
否定句：The desk ___wasn’t____ made by my father.
一般疑问句： Was the desk made by your father
肯定回答：Yes, it was.
否定回答：No, it wasn’t.
各种时态的被动语态
3.一般将来时的被动语态
①一般将来时被动语态的结构:
will/shall be + 及物动词的过去分词
be(am/is/are) going to be + 及物动词的过去分词
②一般将来时被动语态的句型变化
肯定句：The new school will be built in our city next year.
否定句：The new school _won’t be built______ in our city next year.
一般疑问句：Will the new school be built in our city next year
肯定回答：Yes, it will.
否定回答：No, it won’t.
各种时态的被动语态
4. 情态动词的被动语态
结构:“情态动词 +be +及物动词过去分词”
（原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留）
例：肯：The project must be finished by the end of this week.
否：These clothes needn’t be washed.
疑：Can the homework be done in class
特：When must this work be done
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 V(原形)/ V(e)s am/is/are +Vpp
一般过去时 V-ed/ made was/were +Vpp
一般将来时 will +V(原形) will+ be +Vpp
含情态动词 情态动词+ V(原形) 情态动词+ be +Vpp
小试牛刀
( )1．The letter ________ in French. I can’t read it.
A．write B．will write C．is written D．will be written
( )2．Look at the picture. The top ten Most-Improved students ________ in it.
A．will be listed B．list C．will list D．are listed
( )3．More and more hills ________ with trees in my hometown.
A．cover B．covered C．are covering D．are covered
c
D
D
特殊案列
如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。
主动语态：My teacher gives me a lot of books.
主语 谓语 间宾 直宾
被动语态:（1）I am given a lot of books by my teacher.
被动语态: （2）A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.
直接宾语作为被动句的主语时，间接宾语前要加to/for
1
特殊案列
变被动还原to： 四看(notice, see, watch, look at)
三使(make, have, let)
两听(hear, listen to)
一感觉(feel)
例：主动语态中：see/hear sb.do sth.
被动语态中：sb.be seen/heard to do sth.
2
例：
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→ The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
特殊案列
3
短语是整体：勿忘介词或副词
例：His best friend often looks after him.
→ He is often looked after by his best friend　　
固定搭配：
It is said that… 据说 It is reported that…据报道
It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为
4
主动 表 被动
(1) sth. need, want, require + doing / to be done （需要做某事）
be worth+ doing sth. 值得做
例：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after.
(2) 感官系动词: look, sound, taste, feel, smell
例： Moon cakes taste delicious.
(3) sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等词作不及物动词时，主语为物。它们被用来描述主语特征，通常与well, easily等副词连用。
例： This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
Exercises
Ⅰ、句型转换。
1.Susan was invited to the party.
Susan ___ ____to the party.
2.The teacher made students copy the text.
Students were made ___ ___ the text.
答案：wasn’t invited
to copy
(变否定句)
(变被动语态)
（ ）1. —Your hometown is famous for tea, right
—Yes. Now tea plants ________ on most mountains here.
A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted
（ ）2. The Monkey King is a Chinese cartoon hero. He ________ by people of all ages.
A．will love B．was loved C．is loved D．will be loved
（ ）3. Many winter clothes _________ to poor areas by volunteers every year.
A．send B．sent C．are sent D．were sent
B
C
C
（ ）4. Most of the trees ________ after the strong wind, and so were the houses.
A．broke down B．break down C．are broken down D．were broken down
（ ）5. The graduation party ________ in the school hall next month.
A．was held B．will be held C．held D．will hold
（ ）6. Today, teenagers _________ to help around in their neighborhood.
A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged
D
B
C

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