2025届高考英语二轮复习:三大从句中的where用法知识梳理与练习 导学案(含答案)

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2025届高考英语二轮复习:三大从句中的where用法知识梳理与练习 导学案(含答案)

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高考英语一轮复习:三大从句中的where用法知识梳理与练习
在中学英语教材中,where是一个用法比较灵活的重点词汇,其在定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句三大从句中的使用一直是各级各类考试的热点之一。现对where在三大从句中的用法总结如下。
where用作关系副词,引导定语从句的用法
where用作关系副词,引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如:
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
银行是在晴天它借给你一把伞,而在下雨天它把伞又收回来的地方。
He reached London in 1996, where some time later, he became a famous actor.
他在1996年到达伦敦,在那里一段时间后他成为了一位著名的演员。
注意,当先行词是表示地点的名词时,引导定语从句的关系词不一定都使用关系副词where,有时要用关系代词that或which引导,这主要根据先行词在从句中担当的成分来决定。当先行词在从句中作状语,表地点时,定语从句用关系副词where引导;而当先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,表地点时,定语从句应用关系代词that或which引导(在限制性定语从句里用作宾语时,that或which可以省略)。
例如:
This is the factory where he once worked.
这就是他过去曾经工作过的那家工厂。
This is the factory (that / which) they visited last year.
这就是他们去年参观过的那家工厂。
此外,where引导定语从句时,有时其先行词不是表示具体地点的名词,而是某些表示“抽象地点”的名词,如point, position, case, situation, system, plan, condition, state, scene, business, stage, job等。
例如:
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
我能想出许多学生掌握了大量词汇和短语却不能写出一篇好文章的情况。
We’re in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.
我们处于一种我们可能会损失一大笔钱的境地。
We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.
我们被置于这样一个境地:要么被迫接受我们低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。
在where引导的定语从句中,有时为使位置关系表达更清楚,还可以在关系副词where 前加介词from,to 等。
例如:
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.
下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。从那里他除了树木什么也没看到。
She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。
China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡,从那里风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
where用作从属连词,引导地点状语从句的用法
where用作从属连词,引导地点状语从句,意为“在(到)……的地方”,相当于in / at / to the place where。
例如:
Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天,为了不遗漏要点,我们从昨天结束的地方开始。
Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
在失业率及犯罪率居高不下的地方, 可以推断后者是由前者引发的。
Keep her where you can see her.
让她待在你能看得见的地方。
此外,从属连词where还可以和there连用,构成固定句型“where there is …, there is…”, 意为“哪里有什么,哪里就有什么”,此时where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的意义, where引导的从句通常放在主句之前。
例如:
Where there is river, there is a city.
有河流的地方就用城市。
Where there is life, there is hope.
留得青山在,不怕没柴烧
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者,事竟成。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
无风不起浪。(事出有因)
where用作关系副词,引导名词性从句的用法
where用作连接副词,引导名词性从句,在从句中作地点状语。此时的where 相当于the place where…,意为“……的地方”。where用作连接副词,也可以和不定式连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
1. where引导主语从句
where引导主语从句,该从句在句中作主语。
例如:
Where we shall have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
我们将在什么地方开会还没有决定下来。
Where he got it isn’t clear.
还不清楚他是在哪里弄到它的。
有时为了保持句子平衡,避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,往往使用it形式主语放在句首,而将where引导的主语从句后置。
例如:
It’s really no business of yours where I spent my summer holiday.
我们在哪里度暑假确实与你无关。
It’s not decided where the graduates will be sent to work.
这些毕业生将分配到什么地方去工作还没有做出决定。
2. where引导宾语从句
where引导宾语从句时,既可以用于及物动词(短语)后作宾语,也可以用于介词后作宾语。
例如:
I’d like to know where you were born.
我想知道你是在哪里出生的。
Upon graduation he asked to be sent to where he is most needed.
刚一毕业,他就要求自己被派往最需要他的地方去
3. where引导表语从句
where引导表语从句时,既可以用于系动词be后作表语,也可以用于其它系动词后作表语。另外,where引导表语从句时,与关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换。
例如:
Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
去拿你的大衣,它就在你原先放的地方。
This is where (= the place where) the First National Congress took place.
这就是第一次全国代表大会召开的地方。
注意,where引导表语从句时,有时表示抽象含义,可有灵活翻译。
如:
That’s where we differ.
这就是我们的分歧所在。
That’s just where you are mistaken.
这就是你弄错的地方。
That was where he failed.
这就是他失败之处。
4. where引导同位语从句
where 引导同位词从句时,表示对前面的抽象名词,如fact, news, idea, suggestion, message, word等给予更加具体详细的解释说明。
例如:
I have no idea where she lives.
我不知道她住在哪里。
The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question where we were to get the proofs needed.
建议被提了出来,然后就出现了这个问题:我们将在哪儿获得所需要的证据。
5.where和动词不定式连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如:
I haven’t decided yet where to go for our summer holiday.
我还没有决定去哪里了度暑假。
What I want to know is where to begin.
我想知道的是从哪里开始。
where引导的定语从句、地点状语从句及名词性从句的区别
区别where引导的三大从句,主要是看where引导的从句在句中所充当的成分。当其作状语时,则是状语从句,句中无先行词;当其作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句,句中必须有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;当其作主语时,是主语从句;在连系动词后,是表语从句;在行为动词或介词后,是宾语从句;在名词后,且对该名词起着解释说明作用,则是同位语从句。
巩固练习
阅读下列各小题,根据汉语提示,用句末内的英语单词完成句子。
1. Let’s think of a situation _______________________ properly. (use)
让我们相处一个可以正确使用这个习语的语境。
2.I find teaching fun and challenging. It is a job _______________________ something serious but interesting. (do)
我觉得教书是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。
3.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______________________. (matter)
那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。
4. They stood on the top of the building, _______________________ the whole city. (see)
他们站在楼顶上,从那里能看到整个城市。
5. The little girl who got lost decided to _______________________ and wait for her mother. (remain)
那个迷路的小女孩决定呆在原地等她妈妈。
6. We haven’t discussed yet _______________________ our new furniture. (go)
我们还没有讨论要把新家具放在什么地方。
7. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _______________________ (hold)
明天是汤姆的生日。你认为晚会应当在哪举行?
8. I have reached a point in my life _______________________ make decisions of my own. (suppose)
我已经到了我人生的一个阶段我应该自己做决定。
9. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______________________. (disagree)
你说人人应该平等,在这一点上我与你看法不同。
10. He advised me to live _______________________. (fresh)
他建议我住在空气更新鲜的地方。
参考答案
1. where/ in which this idiom can be used
2. where/ in which you are doing
3. where/ in which sight matters more than hearing
4. from where they could see
5. remain where she was
6. where we are going to place/ where to place
7. where the party is to be held
8. where I am supposed to
9. where I disagree
10. where the air is fresher

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