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虚拟语气
第二节　　具体考点解析
【考点一、虚拟语气在条件句中的使用】
　　1）条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表及几点说明
①条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表
　　　　如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形式的。虚拟条件句有三种情况。
虚拟条件句 主句 例句
与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 （be动词用were） 主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形 If I had enough money, I would buy the house.
与过去事实相反的假设 If + 主语+ had +过去分词 主语+should, would, could, might+ have+过去分词 If you had listened to me yesterday, you would have finished the work.
与将来事实相反的假设 ①If+主语+动词的过去式 ②If +主语+were to +动词原形 ③If + 主语+should+动词原形 主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
②特殊结构的条件句：“If it were not for…”或“If it had not been for…”, 前者与现在事实相反，后者与过去事实相反。相当于but for或without。例如：
If it weren't for your help，he could never go to college．
If it hadn’t been for the captain’s efforts, the ship could have sunken.
③虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式表的灵活应用
用进行时替换相应的一般时: 如用过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反。例如：
If you were learning to swim, I would take you to watch the match.
If we were getting along well with Jack, we should invite him to join us.
B．用完成进行时替换相应的完成时: 如用过去完成进行时替换过去完成时，仍表示与过去事实相反。例如：
If it had been raining yesterday，I would not have come here．
If you had been listening more attentively, you would not have missed so much information.
④ 混合型的条件句
按照条件句的谓语动词形式表，其主句和从句的谓语动词是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭配关系。但有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。例如：
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．
If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now.
2）虚拟条件句的省略情况
① 省略if的虚拟条件句：
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去。例如：
Had you not helped me，I should have failed.
Had it not been for the timely rain, we would have lost everything.
Were it to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the game.
Should they refuse our request, we could show them this picture.
●如果没有were，had和should则不能省略if，当然也不能倒装。
② 条件从句的省略
He could not fly（if he tried）．
If only I had more money！
If only I were a bird!
④ suppose 或 supposing =what if
Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）
●suppose后也可用陈述语气。
3）含蓄的虚拟语气
But for air and water，nothing could live．
Human beings could perish without the other forms of lives.
She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homework．
You could have passed the test, but you knew too little.
【考点二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用】
1）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，可用“should do”或“do型”（be原形动词）虚拟语气。这类动词有：suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object 等。例如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．
The villagers demanded that their fields should be returned.
The doctor insisted that the old teacher should live in hospital.
The officer ordered that all the soldiers shouldn’t fire before he gave the order.
2）宾语从句用在动词wish之后　
①
I wish it were true．I wish I could live on the moon one day.
②
I wish you had called yesterday．
I wish you had done the work yourself. 　　
I wish we had treated the children better.
宾语从句在动词would，would／had rather，+did/ had done
I’d rather we didn’t know each other.
I’d rather I hadn’t given her the money yesterday.
【考点三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用】
1）“It +is +形容词+that引导的主语从句”句型
用于本句型的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising, shocking, natural, essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；
It is necessary that he listen to the radio frequently．
It is surprising that he should marry again soon after his ex-wife died.
It is impossible that they should feel uncomfortable to live with us.
2）用于“it + is +过去分词+that引导的主语从句”句型，
用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．
It is required that you should wear proper suits to take part in the party.
It is desired that the prices of houses should be stopped from increasing.
It is proposed that we should pay a visit to the Confucius Temple.
【考点四、虚拟语气在“It is time that …”句型中的应用】
It's time you went to bed.
　It is about time that I went and picked up my little son from school.
It is high time that you got down to writing your papers.
It is time that that we talked about our business.
　 配套练习
一
1. I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money.
A. have B. had C. will have D. had had
2. Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smith's lecture, ______ .
A. if he got up earlier B. unless he had got up earlier
C. but he got up rather late D. but he had got up so late
3. ______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death.
A. With B. If it were not for C. If it had not been for D. If not
4. If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now.
A. is not B. will not be C. would not be D. would not have been
5. You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.
A. won't meet with B. would not meet with
C. would not have met with D. have not met with
6. He did his best in everything, ______ he would not have been what he was.
A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that
7. ----What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again
----That's very hard to say, but I wish I ______ biology when I was a college student.
A. had studied B. studied C. study D. have studied
8. ----You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday. It's very good.
----I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report.
A. had B. did C. would have D. were
9. Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don't order me about, as if I ______ your wife. I'm not. We are both the boss's men. ”
A. were B. am C. would be D. had been
10. ______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful.
A. But for B. Without C. If it were not for D. both A and B
11. He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn't.
A. went B. were C. had been D. would have been
12. ----Would you have told him the awswer, if possible
----Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
13. If he ______ in England, what language could he probably speak now
A. were born B. had been born C. would have been born D. was born
14. If we ______ Steven's advice, we would not be lost in the forest.
A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. would take
15. If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city ______ so serious now.
A. wouldn't be B. will not have been
C. wouldn't have been D. would have not been
16. What a heavy rain it is! If we ______ the rain coat, we wouldn't ______ in the rain.
A. had put on, be walking B. put on, walk
C. put on, be walking D. should put on, walk
17. ----Why is the window broken
----If I ______ care, it ______ .
A. took, wouldn't happen B. had taken, wouldn't have happened
C. took, wouldn't have happened D. had taken, wouldn't happen
18. ----Do you think the thief entered through the side door
----No, if he had, he ______ the living room window.
A. would break B. would have broken
C. wouldn't break D. wouldn't have broken
19. I ______ one of Tom's paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me.
A. wanted B. want C. didn't want D. don't want
20. I've forgotten his telephone number. If I ______ it down, I ______ you now.
A. put, would have told B. put, would tell C. had put, would have told D. had put, would tell
　二　
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
2. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____ the rules
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
3. ----“The experiment had failed!”
----“I suggest you ____ again.”
A. try B trying C. will try D. would try
4. ----“He is a very brave man. ”
----“Yes. I wish I ____ his courage.”
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
5. If she had worked harder, she ____ .
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
6. The plant is dead. I ____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
7. I wish I ____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
8. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
9. He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
10. Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
11. If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
12. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
13. ---- If he ____ , he ____ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
14. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ____ , she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____ .
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
16. You didn't let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
17. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
一1-5 BCCCB 6-10 CAAAD 11-15 CCBBA 16-20 ABDCD
二 参考答案
1～5．DBABD 6～10．DCAA/CD 11～15．CCBDC 16-17．DA
虚实结合 独领风骚---虚拟语气在写作中的应用
(一)虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的运用
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 should+动词原形were to do动词 should/would/could/might+动词原形
典句引领
If I had taken his advice,I wouldn’t have missed such a good opportunity.
I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to understand them better.
雕词琢句
(1)句型升级:用虚拟语气升级下面的句子
I am not in Beijing now,or I will accompany you to the bookstore.
→ If____________________________________________________________________________.
(2)If I had formed a good habit of reciting something, I could have made greater progress in English (我就能够在英语方面取得更大的进步了).
————————————————————————————————————————————
(3)一句多译:如果你能帮助我的话,我将非常感激。
① I would appreciate it if you could help me.(appreciate it)
② I would be very grateful if you could help me.(be grateful)
(二)含蓄虚拟语气的运用
有时假设的情况并不通过条件从句表示出来,而是通过上下文或一些词或短语等表示出来。常用的有without,but for和otherwise等。
典句引领
But for their help,I couldn’t have got in touch with Professor Smith last week.
雕词琢句
(1)Without them,people________________________________(就不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos.
(2)They helped me yesterday.Otherwise ___________________________________(我就不能按时完成任务).
(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1.用于wish或would rather后的宾语从句中
对现在情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)
对过去情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+had+过去分词
对将来情况的虚拟 wish+主语+would/could+动词原形或would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)
典句引领
Actually,____________________________________________!
事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能提出问题呀!
I would rather________________________________________________________.
我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期了。
雕词琢句
I wish (1)________________________________________ (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year;I wish(2) ____________________________ (我在美国学习) now;I wish(3) ________________________________________________(我能够在美国找一份好工作) after graduation next year. (4)我宁愿明天去北京。I would rather_____________________tomorrow.
2.使用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气
典句引领
My teacher suggests that _________________________________________________________________.
老师建议我们(应该)学会冷静、明智地处理冲突。
雕词琢句
(1)In order to settle the tough problem,I recommend that those who were caught doing such things ___________________________________(应该阅读一本鼓舞人心的书)every month and share it with all the other students.
(2)一句多译:我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友。
词性的转化
① I advise that you should make friends with some Chinese students.(advise)
② My advice is that you should make friends with some Chinese students.(advice)
3.在“It is (high) time+that从句”中从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或用“should+动词原形”。
典句引领
It’s high time that we made the public____________________________________________________.
到了我们让公众意识到节能的重要性的时候了。
雕词琢句
一句多译:到了我们采取有效措施控制污染的时候了。
① It’s time for us to take effective measures to control pollution.(It’s time for sb. to do...)
② It’s time that we took effective measures to control pollution.(It’s time that...)
二、学以致用
1.润色文章
结合括号中的提示,用虚拟语气完成下面的文章
I’m Li Hua.Do you still remember me I studied in your school for six months a couple of years ago.
I’m very grateful for your help during my study in the U.S. Without your help, (1) __________________________________________(我的英语就不能提高得 那么快) and (2) ___________________________________________________________(我也不能那么享受我在那儿的生活).
Do you know how everything is going with Mr.Smith I failed to contact him after I left America.I’d appreciate it (3) ____________________________________________________________________________(如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码). I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you were free during this winter holiday,how I wish (4) _____________________________________________________________(你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)!I’m sure it will be an unforgettable trip.I would be very happy (5) if you_______________________________(如果你接受我的邀请).
I am looking forward to hearing from you.

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