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人称代词、物主代词与反身代词讲义
人称代词
1、人称代词的概念
人称代词是指人或物的代词，可以指代自身或他人，例如“你”“我”“他”等。它也是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到的人、动物或者事物的词。
人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称； 有主格和宾格两种形式。
人称代词主格=动作的发出者
人称代词用法口诀:人称代词分主/宾， 只有八对要区分。你(们)，它主/宾同形， 其余主/宾须分清。谓语之前主格填， 动/介之后宾格跟，口语运用最灵活， 表语也可用宾格。
注意：
1.人称代词不仅可以指代人，还可以指代动植物及无生命的物体。
2. 如果人称代词在句中作主语，用主格；如果人称代词作宾语，用宾格，主语常位于句首，宾语 一般在动词或者介词之后。
如：He is my friend. She is a good student.
Mum cooks for us every day .
Can you help them with English It is sunny today.
—Who is it — It's me.
2、人称代词特殊用法：
we，you，they用来泛指“人们，大家
例：We should be careful in this race.
大家在比赛中要小心。
she可以用来表示国家，船只，大地，月亮等
例：I was born in China. She is a great country.
我出生在中国，她是一个伟大的国家。
3、it除了“事物”以外，还常用于指时间，天气，距离等。
例：What time is it
几点了
二、并列人称代词的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 －> 第三人称 －> 第一人称 you －> he/she/it —> I
如： You , he and I are all in Class1, Grade 7.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称 we －> you －> They
人称代词的排列顺序的示意:
两个或两个以上的人称代词(单数)并列使用时人称顺序为"二三一""对于复数人称代词，顺序为"一二三"
例：You, he and I must obey the rules.
你，他和我必须遵守规则。
We, you and they should stay here.
我们，你们和他们应该待在这里。
若要承担责任或过失时，顺序为“一二三’
例：I, you and he broke the window.
我，你和他打破了这个窗户
3、表示男女的代词并排使用时，“先男后女”
例：Nobody likes such things except him and her.
除了他和她没有人喜欢这样的东西。
三、物主代词
物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。
形容词性物主代词
在向子中作定语，在使用时要注意与其指代的词在人称和数上保持一致。
例：This is my brother. His name is Tom.
这是我的哥哥，他的名字叫汤姆。
1、形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后面必须接名词。
例：Is that your pen
那是你的钢笔吗
2、如果名词前用了形容词物主代词，就不能用冠词(a，an，the)，指示代词(this，that，these，those)等修饰名词了。
例：This is his book.
例：This is his a book.
名词性物主代词
1、在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词是大家都知道的。
例：There is a book on the desk. It's hers.
这里有只钢笔在桌上。这是她的。
2、为避免重复使用名词，可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”
名词性物主代词三形容词性物主代词+名词
例：Mary's bag is pink, his bag is black, my bag is blue.
-Mary's bag is pink, his is black, mine is blue.
3、物主代词的数
物主代词在作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其所指的数而定
例：-Is this your bicycle
这是你的自行车吗
-No，it' hers. Mine is black.
不，是她的。我的自行车是黑色的。
(mine后面用is是因为，mine指代my bicycle，所以调语动词用单数)
反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。简单理解为当句子的主语和宾语指同一人时，宾语用反身代词。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he she it him her it his her its his hers its himself herself itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
练习题
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. –Whose pencil is this —It’s_________(I).
2. She is__________ (I) friend.
3. Miss Li often look after_________(she) brother.
4.These are (he)sisters.
5.That is (she)mother.
6.This is (I)friend.
7.What is ( you ) name
8. (He ) is a good boy.
9.This is my bike , that is (your).
10. (They)house is large. But (we) is small.
11.This is my cat. name is Mimi. is a lovely cat. I like .
12. English teacher is Miss Gu. She loves very much.
13.Look at the boy. is my friend. This is bike. I often play with .
14.Lucy and Lily are twins. are in Class Two.
15. This is classroom. Miss Li is English teacher. She likes very much. （我）
选择题。
1. Is that schoolbag -Yes, is.
A. my; this B. you; it c. your; it
2. names are Lucy and Lily.
A. They B Them C. Their
3. –ls this _cake -No, it isn't. It's mine.
A. my B. your C. you
4.-Whose kite is this -It's _
A. she B. Her C. him D. hers
5.-ls this _ruler -Yes, it's _. Thank you.
A. your; mine B. yours; mine C. yours; my
The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please.
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
7.They asked___ to do the work.
A. you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him
8.Who's that at the door ____ is the postman.
A. She B. This C. It D. He
9. ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That B. It C. This D. It's
10.Who taught you English last year Nobody taught me . I taught _____.
A. Me B. myself C. mine D. I

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