2025届高考英语一轮复习 常考熟词生义(含详细例句)(素材)

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2025届高考英语一轮复习 常考熟词生义(含详细例句)(素材)

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【高考英语】常考熟词生义
(含详细例句)
1.about (熟义:关于) prep.&adv.
生义:到处=(美)around 到处
We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.
我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。
be about to do 正要做某事
2.accept vt.&vi.(熟义:接受)
生义 ① 同意(接受别人的观点,看法)
Tom accepted her explanation.汤姆同意她的解释。
② 认可,领受,认为
I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea.飞机只有坠入大海,别无他法,我只好认命了。
3. accommodate 熟义:住宿,留宿
生义:容纳;提供
This hotel can accommodate more than 5oo guests. vt 容纳
He accommodated me when I asked him for help. v. 准予,提供
4.act (熟义:行动)
生义vi.起作用
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
只需几分钟,药物就起作用了。
5.across 熟义:横过; 越过
生义:
(1)到、在对面(adv/prep)
He lives across the street.他住在街对面。
the house across the street 街道对面的房子
(2)宽(adv)
The river is 50 meters across.河宽50米。
The tree measures 50 cm across. 树宽50厘米。
6. add 熟义:增加,加起来
生义:接着说,补充说 “They don’t know.” he added. vt.接着说,又说;补充说
7. address 地址;住址(n)
生义:
(1)演说; 正式讲演 an address of welcome欢迎词
(2)对...讲演或发表演说(vt)
address a meeting向大会发表演说
address the whole nation 向全国发表演
addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈
称呼;用特殊的头衔称呼
How shall I address you 我应当怎样称呼您呢
Don't address me as ‘boss’.不要叫我“老板”。
(4)写姓名地址(vt) address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址
The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
8. adapt (熟义:适应)
生义:vt.使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。
This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
9. adopt (熟义:收养; 过继)
生义:vt.采纳;采取;采用
We adopt their teaching method. 我们采用了他们的教学方法
10.admit 熟义:承认
生义:
(1)准许进入 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取
(2)接[容]纳;容许
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.
这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
11.afford 熟义:担负得起费用
生义:抽得出(时间)
He can't afford an hour for lunch. 他抽不出一小时的时间来吃午饭。
I can't afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。12.against 熟义:反对, 逆着,倚靠着,
生义:
(1)与…成对照 against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照
The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。
(2)防备;防御 against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天
be prepared against war and natural disasters备战备荒
13. agree with (熟义:同意)
生义:与……一致,协调,适合
Your story agrees with what I heard.你讲的与我所听到的一致。
Long plane trips don't agree with me.我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。
14. air 熟义:空气,天空
生义:
1. 发表(意见等) air one's views发表意见 =voice one’s opinion
2. 使通风, 使通气
She aired the room by opening the window. 她打开窗子使房间通风。
15.allow 熟义:允许,准许
生义:给予;使得到
allowed him £1000 for expenses 给他每年1000英镑的开销
容许(of) allow of no excuse不容辩解
The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。
考虑到;体谅;顾及(for) We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。
酌留;预allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀
allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁
16.alone 熟义:单独地, 独自地
生义:[用在名词或代词之后]只有/唯有/仅仅
Smith alone knew what happened.只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。
The key alone will open the door.只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
17.attend 熟义:出席,参加
生义:侍候,照应,与on/ upon 连用)
处理、料理(+to) attend the very sick patients 照料重病人
attend on / upon a very sick man照应重病人
18.apply(熟义:申请)
生义: v.应用,运用; 适用
What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。
19.arm (熟义:n.手臂)
生义:n.武器 v.武装Lay down your arms or we'll fire!放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!
Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。
20. appreciate 熟义:v. 欣赏,感激,感谢
生义:意识到
I appreciate that I may be wrong. 我意识到我可能错了。
21. arrival 熟义:n. 到达
生义:n. 到达的人或事物
All stood up to welcome the new arrival. 所有人站起来欢迎新来的人。
22. assume 熟义:vt. 假定,错误地认为
生义:vt. 担任
He will assume the directorship of the project. 他将担任该项目的主管。
23. account for 熟义:占...比例
生义:解释说明...的原因;
His illness accounts for his absence. 他生病了,所以缺席了。
24. aggressive 熟义:adj. 好斗的,侵略的
生义:adj. 进取的
If he wants to succeed, he has to be aggressive. 如果他想要成功,必须要有进取心。
25. alike 熟义:adj/adv. 想象地;相似的
生义:adv. 同样地
Teachers should care for all the pupils alike. 老师应该同样关心所有的学生。
26. age 熟义:n, 年龄
v. 使变老Worry aged him rapidly. 担忧使他迅速变老。
27.alive 熟义:adj. 活着的
生义:adj. 充满(活的或动的东西)
The street are alive with people. 街道上挤满了人。
28. available adj. 熟义: adj. 可得到的,可找到的
生义:(人)有空的
The worthy professor is now available. 这个值得尊敬的教授现在有空了。

29.beat 熟义:连续击打,揍
生义:击败,战胜(比赛中)
beat sb at the table tennis match
规律性地拍击 to beat a drum 击鼓
The heart beats. My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。
搅拌 to beat eggs 打鸡蛋
鼓(翼) The bird beat its wings.鸟扑打翅膀。
30.beyond 熟义:超出.超过[表示范围, 限度]
生义:除…以外[常用于否定句和疑问句]
ask for nothing beyond peace and quiet. 除平安和平静外一无所求
晚于.迟于...,到...以后
Don't stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
在[向]...的那边,在...之外
The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。
Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边
beyond one’s reach 够不到
beyond ones comprehension 超出某人理解力
31.block 熟义:(大)块;(大)片;街区
生义:
阻塞; 堵住,阻挡(vt) The police have blocked the road.警察已封锁了道路。 block out light阻挡光线
(2) 障碍物;阻塞(n) a block in the pipes 管道阻塞
to put up a road block 设置路障
32. book 熟义:书
生义:预定 You'll have to book up early. 你们以后要早点预定。
33. build 熟义:建造, 建筑
生义:体格;体型
We’re of the same build. 我们体型相同
a man of strong build体格健壮的人
34. business 熟义:商业, 买卖,交易, 生意,
生义:商店,商行
He has a business in the town.他在城里有一家商店。 run / operate/ manage a business
营业 in business; on business
35.bitter 熟义: adj. 苦的,痛苦的
生义:adj. (...如此强烈的)
bitter tears 心酸的眼泪
36. blanket 熟义: n. 毯子
生义:vt.以厚层覆
The whole village was blanketed with heavy snow.
整个村庄都被覆盖着厚厚的雪。
37. break down[熟义:(机器等)出故障
生义:(计划)失败
All our plans broke down.我们所有的计划都失败了。
38. bring (熟义:带来)
生义:v.引起
The cries brought the neighbours running.哭声让邻居跑了过来。
39. build (熟义:v.修建)
生义:n.身材,体型
The football player has a solid build.足球运动员体格健壮。
40.back (熟义:n.背)
生义:vt.支持Many of his friends backed his plan.
他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
41.badly (熟义:坏)
生义:adv.迫切, 很
English teachers are badly needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。
42.before (熟义:以前)
生义:conj.才;就
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.过了很久我才再睡着。
I hadn't waited long before he came.我没有等多久,他就来了。
Three years passed before I realized.不知不觉三年过去了。
Water the flowers before it gets dark. 趁着天未黑浇花。
43.blow (熟义:吹,刮)
生义:n. 打击
His wife’s death was a great blow to him.
他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。
44.buy (熟义:购买)
生义:v. 相信
No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。
45. capital 熟义:首都, 首都的
生义:资本;资金;资方;
The Smith Company has a capital of $ 30.000. 史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。
大写字母;大写的
capital letters 大写字母
46.charge 熟义:收费,索价(vt)
生义:费用(n)
指控(v /n)
(charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth)
a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控
猛冲;攻击; The boy charged into the room.男孩冲进屋里。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋
充电、装(满), 装料
charge a gun with powder 用火药填满炮
47. coin 熟义:硬币
生义:(1)造币;铸币
coin gold铸造金币
杜撰设计(新单词或短语)
Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.不要生造谁也不懂的词语。
(3)coin (adj.)投币式的(操作需要一块或多块金属币的);自助式的
a coin washing machine 投币洗衣机
48. collect 熟义:收集
生义:(1)收(租, 税,帐等);募捐
collect the electricity fee收取电费
collect taxes收税
collect (raise) money 募集资金
领取(信件等);接走(人\物)
Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。
(3)使镇静;集中(思想等)
The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited."
老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。
"Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.
在你开始讲话之前,你应当集中你的思想和意念。
collect one's emotions.镇定情绪
collect oneself心平气和, 平心静气, 镇定一下
pany 熟义:公司,
生义: 陪伴,伴侣
He kept me company.他陪伴我。
in the company of在...陪同下
I had no company on the journey.我在旅行中没有同伴。
50. content 熟义:n.内容, 容量, 目录,满足(to one's heart's content心满意足)
生义:adj.满足的,满意的
使…满意或满足vt.
Nothing contents her, she is always complaining.
没有什么能使她满意,她总是抱怨。
He contented himself with one piece of cake.
(他)吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足。
含量 the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量
51. corner 熟义:角落, (街道)拐角处,
生义:把…难住;使走投无路 The dog cornered the rat. 狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。
52. count 熟义:数数, 计算 (count down倒计时)
生义:(1)依靠,依赖 (on)
You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助
认为;视为;
count it an honor (to do sth.) (把做某事)引以为荣
(3)有价值;重要;有用
Every second counts.每一秒钟都很重要。
You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要
53. cover 熟义:盖子, 封面;覆盖
生义:(1) 占(时间或空间)
The town covers 5 square miles.小镇占地5平方英里。
走完(一段路程)
I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里
采访(事件)
cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻
(4) 够付(费用)足以抵补
These expenses are covered by the state.这些费用都由国家负担。
cover the loss弥补损失
(5)包括;包含;论及
The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。
(6)看完(多少页书) cover fifty pages in 15 minutes
54. crazy 熟义:疯狂的;精神错乱的;
生义:着迷的;狂热的
She's crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。
be crazy about [over]热衷于, 醉心于 ;爱上, 迷恋着
补充:like crazy [mad] [口]发疯似地; 拼命地; 猛烈地
They were running around like crazy.他们拚命地跑着。
55.cause ( 熟义:n.起因,v.引起)
生义: n.事业
The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace.联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。
56.chance (熟义:机会)
生义:n.可能性
There is a chance that I will see him.我有可能见到他。
57. check 熟义:vt. 检查
生义:vt. 阻止,制止
We should check the spread of the disease. 我们应该阻止疾病的传播。
58. class 熟义:n. 班级
生义:n. 阶级,阶层,等级
Lower class下层社会 upper class 上层社会 working class 工人阶级
59. climate 熟义:n. 气候
生义:n. 风气;思潮;倾向
The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting.
这里的文化氛围有点令人不安。
60. cloudy 熟义:adj. 阴天的,多云的
生义:adj. 不明朗的,不清晰的
Who did it still remains cloudy. 谁干的这事还不清楚。
61. contain 熟义: v. 含有,包含;克制
生义:vt. 抑制
He is too excited to contain his laughter.他太兴奋了,不能抑制笑声。
62. can(熟义:能)
生义:n.罐头vt.做成罐头
Mother cans fruit. 妈妈将水果做成罐头。
63. course (熟义:过程)
生义:n. 课程;航线;一道菜
I’d like to take a refresher course to improve my driving.
我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。
The plane was off the course.飞机偏离航向。
They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch.
午饭招待他们的是有五道菜的正餐。
64. cross 熟义: v. 跨越,横穿 n. 十字
生义: adj. 生气的
Don't be cross with him---after all, he meant to help.
别生他的气,毕竟,他是想帮忙的。
65. cut 熟义:vt 砍,割,切
生义:vt. 伤感情
His rude remarks cut me. 他的粗俗的话伤到我了。
66. case 熟义: n. 情况,状况
生义:n. 病例,案例
There are three cases of fever in school. 学校有三起发烧案例。
67. casual 熟义: adj. 偶然的,随意的
生义:adj. 临时的
He was employed as a casual labourer.他被雇佣为临时工。
68. cater 熟义: v. 为社交活动提供饮食;承办酒席
生义:v. 满足需要,迎合
TV must cater for many different tastes. 电视必须迎合多种需求。
69. challenge 熟义: v. 挑战
生义:v. 对…质疑
I challenged the view. 我质疑这个观点。
conduct 熟义: v. 实施,指挥,做
conduct an experiment做实验
生义:v. 举止,表现
He conducted himself far better than expected.
他表现得比预期的好得多。
71. consume 熟义:vt. 消耗,消费
生义:vt. 烧毁, 毁灭
The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighbourhood.
大火很快就烧毁了这一带的旧木头房子。
72.carry (熟义:搬运,携带)
生义:v.持有,带有;刊登
Police in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪。
Today’s newspapers carry full reports of the president’s visit.
73.catch (熟义:抓)
生义:v. 明白;领会
Sorry, I didn’t quite catch what you said. 对不起,我没听清你的话。
74.change (熟义:变化)
生义:n. 零钱,找头
Have you got change for a five-pound note 你有没有5英镑的零钱?
75.cost (熟义:花费;值……)
生义:vt.使失去(生命、健康等)
The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.
病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。

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