资源简介

(共33张PPT)
构词法 派生词
典题在线
语法精讲
巩固提升
典题在线
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In 1844 they bought it for ＄1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their __________ （marry） ceremony in 1842.
marriage
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：1844年，他们以1 200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年主持了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；提示词marry意为“结婚” ，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
2It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________ （develop） of the local areas.
development
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
3.Many people in China have limited __________ （expose） to English, which makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
exposure
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：许多中国人对英语的接触有限，这使得学习和练习英语变得格外困难。根据空格前的形容词limited可知，此处填入名词exposure。故填exposure。
4.With our study, we think we can now ____________
（confident） conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.
confidently
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：通过我们的研究，我们认为我们现在可以自信地得出结论，至少有些狗可以辨别人类的面部表情。空格处应填副词来修饰动词conclude，故填confidently 。
5.Chinese New Year is a ____________ （celebrate） marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
celebration
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。根据句子结构可知，设空处被前面的冠词a限定，作表语，需要用所给词的名词形式。故填celebration。
6.Branches of Plum Blossoms （梅花）: The __________
（beauty） long branches covered with pink-colored buds （蓓蕾） make fantastic decorations.
beautiful
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：梅花枝：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，这是极好的装饰。根据句子结构可知，设空处与long一起修饰后面的名词“branches”，需用所给词的形容词形式。故填beautiful。
7.Filled with __________ （curious）, the artist packed his bags and left.
curiosity
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：心中充满了好奇，这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当with的宾语，所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity。
8.As the small boat moved ________ （gentle） along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
gently
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：当小船顺着江轻轻移动时，群山在水中的无声的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处单词修饰As引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved，所以要用其副词形式。故填gently。
9. Historical __________ （accurate） is important but so is entertainment.
accuracy
[解析] 考查词性转换。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词accuracy作主语。
10.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ （poor） studied.
poorly
[解析] 考查词性转换。此处修饰过去分词studied，因此应用副词形式，故答案为poorly。
11.Her years of hard work have ________ （final） been acknowledged after a customer nominated （提名） her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
finally
[解析] 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词，故应用副词finally。
12.“... We are so proud of her. It’s ___________ （wonder）.”
wonderful
[解析] 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，本空在系动词is后作表语，故应用形容词wonderful。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
______________
mostly→most
[解析] mostly“主要地”；most“最”。由句意可知应用most。
2. Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
________________
simply→simple
[解析] 句意：今天我尝试亲自做一道简单的菜。形容词作定语修饰名词dish, simple简单的。
3.I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
_____________
surely→sure
[解析] 句意：我确信你会玩得很开心。此处I’m sure （that）+从句是固定句式，故将surely改为sure。
4.I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
______________________
interesting→ interested
[解析] interesting“有趣的”；interested“感兴趣的”。become interested in“对……感兴趣”。
5.First， I wanted to be a fireman， whose uniform looked so coolly.
______________
[解析] 本句中looked意为“看起来”，为系动词，故应用形容词cool作表语。
coolly→cool
6.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
__________________
amazing→amazed
[解析] be amazed at意为“对……感到惊奇”。
7.What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
____________________
ordinarily→ordinary
[解析] cafe为名词，故此处应用形容词修饰，故把ordinarily改为ordinary。
语法精讲
考点1 名词与其他词类的词形转化
1.动词变名词的后缀
（1）-al表示人、物、行为（特殊：去e+-al）
approve赞成→approval赞成
survive幸存→survival幸存
arrive到达→arrival 到达
refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝
propose提议→proposal提议；建议
（2）-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为
appear出现→appearance出现；外貌
perform表演→performance表演
exist存在→existence存在
prefer较喜欢→preference偏爱
refer参考；查阅→reference参考；查阅
depend依靠→dependence依赖；依靠
＊guide指引→guidance引导；指导
（3）-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为
direct指挥；指导→direction方向；指导
expect期待→expectation期待；期望
＊explain解释→explanation解释
invite邀请→invitation邀请；请柬
solve解决→solution解决
compete竞争→competition比赛；竞争
pronounce发音→pronunciation发音
describe描述→description描写
repeat重复→repetition重复
（4）-s（s）ion表示行为或状态
discuss讨论→discussion讨论
admit承认→admission承认；准许加入
＊decide决定→decision决定
（5）-ing具有……（特征）的
hear听→hearing听力；听觉
listen听→listening听；听力
＊begin开始→beginning开始部分
（6）-ment表示行为、结果等
achieve达到；完成→achievement成就
develop发展→development 发展
＊argue争论→argument争论；论据
（7）-ure/-ture表示行为或状态
fail失败→failure失败
press压；挤→pressure压力
mix混合→mixture混合物
＊expose暴露→exposure 面临；暴露
（8）-y表示……的动作（或过程）
recover恢复→recovery恢复；痊愈
discover发现→discovery发现
＊其他常见变化：
choose选择→choice选择
vary相异→variety多样化；品种
tend倾向→tendency趋向；趋势
grow生长→growth生长
marry结婚→marriage婚姻
carry搬→carriage客车厢；运输
pack收拾（行李）→package包；盒
post邮寄→postage邮资；邮费
store贮存→storage贮存
respond 回应→response响应
2.形容词变名词的后缀
（1）-age表示性质、状态
short短的→shortage不足；短缺
（2）-cy表示性质、状态
fluent流利的→fluency流利；流畅
accurate准确的→accuracy准确（性）
private私有的→privacy隐私
efficient效率高的→efficiency效率
（3）-dom表示地位、状况等
free自由的→freedom自由
wise明智的→wisdom智慧
（4）-ness表示性质、状态
dark黑的→darkness黑暗
weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱
kind友好的→kindness善良
cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠
aware知道的；意识到的→awareness知道；意识
（5）-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态
warm温暖的→warmth温暖
true真的→truth真相
＊deep深的→depth深（度）
strong强壮的→strength力量
long长的→length长度
wide宽的→width宽度
（6）-y/-ity表示性质或状态
difficult困难的→difficulty困难
honest诚实的→honesty诚实
＊safe安全的→safety安全
cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍
responsible负责的→responsibility责任
（7）-ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance
different不同的→difference不同（之处）
silent沉默的；不说话的→silence寂静
patient有耐心的→patience耐心
absent缺席的→absence缺席
present出席的→presence出席
confident自信的→confidence信心
convenient方便的→convenience便利
important重要的→importance重要（性）
考点2 形容词、副词后缀
1.名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy， luck→lucky， health→healthy， sleep→sleepy
词尾加-（e）d gift→gifted， talent→talented， advance→advanced
词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless， care→careful/careless， help→helpful/helpless， harm→harmful/harmless， home→homeless，colour→colourful, use→useful/useless， thank→thankful， peace→peaceful
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable， knowledge→knowledgeable， accept→acceptable， respect→respectable
类别 例词
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous， courage→courageous， humour→humorous
词尾将-ce变为-t confidence→confident， difference→different
词尾加-al music→musical， person→personal， nation→national， education→educational， tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly friend→friendly， week→weekly， love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden， wool→woolen
续表
类别 例词
其他常见变化 energy→energetic， fool→foolish， pleasure→pleasant/pleased， science→scientific
[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y（如sun→sunny， fun→funny等），以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y（如noise→noisy,ice→icy等）]
动词词尾加-（a）tive/-ive attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive
续表
2.区分-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……的”（-ing），还是“感到……的”（-ed）；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征（-ing），还是感受（-ed）。具体如下：
（1）-ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常意为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
The story is very interesting.
这个故事很有趣。（故事本身有趣）
The man is very interesting.
这个人很有趣。（人本身或人的性格有趣）
（2）-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常意为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile（微笑）、feeling（感觉）、appearance（外貌）、cry（哭）、face（面部表情）、voice（声音）、mood（情绪）、look（表情）等表示某人情感状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。（a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑）
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。（a very excited voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音）
3.形容词转化为副词的规律
类别 例词
形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly， great→greatly， loud→loudly， sudden→suddenly， sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y变为i再加-ly happy→happily， angry→angrily， lucky→luckily， heavy→heavily， noisy→noisily
词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly， possible→possibly， gentle→gently，probable→probably， comfortable→comfortably， responsible→responsibly， suitable→suitably
词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly
类别 例词
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully， dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically， scientific→scientifically， specific→specifically， automatic→automatically
续表
巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This gives the paintings deeper __________ （mean） and more elegance.
meaning
2.The girl then plants a kiss on the grass in a heart-warming show of __________ （affect）.
affection
3.My ____________ （apply） was successful and I spent an enjoyable month learning film-making.
application
4.Grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting ________ （distance） cities.
distant
5.I really needed snow， because it was good for my __________ （recover）.
recovery
6.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. ______________ （fortunate）， I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
Unfortunately
7.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is， no knowledge is _________ （use）.
useless
8.There are so many different labels on food nowadays. They are not only ___________ （confuse） but also misleading.
confusing
9.The old people there were talkative and they told us their __________ （person） stories cheerfully.
personal
10.After some time, when both of you have renewed your ____________
（confident） in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.
confidence
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom， I found the teachers patient.
___________________________
Disappointing→Disappointed
2.Similar， people prefer movies that reflect their mood.
__________________
Similar→Similarly
3.She is determined to carry on with her educate.
___________________
educate→education
4.I have read lots of inspired stories of kindness.
___________________
inspired→inspiring
5.In order to make myself understood， I told him how to go there as clear as possible.
______________
clear→clearly
6.First， we must be friendly and kindly.
______________
kindly→kind
7.I’m looking forward to your kind reply at your earliest convenient.
________________________
convenient→convenience
8.Even closest friends have quarrels， so don’t take it too serious.
__________________
serious→seriously
9.In a danger part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin.
___________________
danger→dangerous
10.To most young children, being laughed at by others is a（n） pleasant experience.
____________________
pleasant→unpleasant

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