资源简介

(共35张PPT)
第二部分　语法精研
专题二　动词
返回
目录
目录
CONTENTS
要点聚焦·精准导练
01
专项练习·能力通关
02
命题点一　动词的基本形式
知识必备　动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、
过去分词和现在分词。
形式 构成 示例
动词原形 动词原形 be， do， have， come
第三人称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s work→works，
read→reads
以s， o， x， sh， ch结尾的
动词后加-es go→goes， wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动
词，变y为i加-es fly→flies， study→studies
形式 构成 示例
过去式/过去分词 （规则变化）（不规则变化详见“词汇默写册”附录P65） 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed listen→listened，
develop→developed
以e结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed，
decide→decided
以辅音字母加y结尾的动
词，变y为i加-ed study→studied，
carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只
有一个辅音字母的动词，双
写此辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped，
plan→planned
形式 构成 示例
现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep→sleeping，
wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加-ing smile→smiling，
move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ing sit→sitting，dig→digging
plan→planning
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y加-ing die→dying， lie→lying
小试身手
用括号内所给词的适当形式完成语篇。
Jiang Shumei, born in 1937， 1. （spend） most of her
time working in a factory. In 1996, she 2. （learn） her first
Chinese character. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of
her own stories. It was not easy. Sometimes, 3. （complete） a single sentence could take a day.
spent　
learned　
completing　
　　In 2013, her first book was published and proved to be a success. The
book helped Jiang 4. （get） a lot of fans and sympathy
（同情）. “Don’t 5. （feel） sorry for me,” she says to her
fans. “The hardships I 6. （experience） in the past are
over now. Without them, I could never have finished this book.”
（to） get　
feel　
experienced　
　　So far, the elderly woman 7. （write） six books,
totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. She 8. （live）
a healthy life, exercising every day and eating a balanced diet. “If I could
live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me to start after
60 ” she says jokingly.
has written　
lives　
命题点二　实义动词
知识必备　实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，分为及物动词和不及
物动词。
【注意】有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
类别 用法
及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。常用的三种句式结构如下：
·主语＋谓语＋宾语
·主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
·主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
不及物动词 不及物动词自身意义完整，不用接宾语
命题点三　系动词
知识必备　系动词不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语构成系表结构，
说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态。
类别 用法
状态系
动词 be动词， keep，
remain， stay， lie ①表示主语状态或显示出的状态
②表示主语继续或保持某种状况或态度
形式 构成 示例
感官系
动词 look， sound ， feel，
smell， taste 后接形容词作表语，也可接介词
like＋名词
变化系
动词 become， grow， turn，
fall， get， go 表示主语变成什么样
表象系
动词 seem， appear， look 表示“似乎，看起来像”等意义
命题点四　助动词
知识必备　助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。助动词
在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态和语态，或帮助
构成否定句或疑问句等。常用的助动词见下表：
助动词 功能 示例
be动词 构成进行时 What are you doing
构成被动语态 I was deeply moved by his words.
助动词 功能 示例
do （does， did） 构成疑问句或否定句 Do you like playing basketball
He doesn’t like to talk about his private life.
加强语气 Do get here on time.
代替前面出现的动词 I watered the flower as he did
before.
用于倒装句 Never did I expect to meet him
there.
助动词 功能 示例
have （has，had） 构成完成时 I have been in China for ten years.
shall/will 构成一般将来时，shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称 I shall go to Japan next week.There will be a football match tonight.
命题点五　情态动词
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
can 表示能力，意为“会能” Though the boy is only five years old, he can play football very well.
表示请求或许可，常用在
口语中，意为“可以”，
相当于may Can I ask you a question
could could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力 I couldn’t read such a difficult book
when I was at the age of 5.
用于疑问句中，表示委婉地提出请求 Could you tell me where the
restroom is
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
may 表示请求或许可，常用于正式场合，意为“可
以”。may用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用can’t或者mustn’t，不用may not －May I come into the room to see my mother
－No, you mustn’t. She needs to have a good rest.
may用于祈使句，表示 祝愿 May you be happy all your life.
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
might may的过去式 She was afraid that he might lose
confidence.
表示请求或许可，意为
“可以”，但是语气比
may弱 Might I join you
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
must 表示有做某一动作的必要或者义务，强调主观看法，意为“必须” We must stop and look both ways before we cross the road.
－Must I attend the meeting
－No, you needn’t.
注意：以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用
must/have to，否定回答用needn’t或者don’t/doesn’t
have to，而不能用mustn’t We must stop and look both ways before we cross the road.
－Must I attend the meeting
－No, you needn’t.
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
have to 表示因客观需要而迫使主语不得不做某事，意为“不得不” I have to finish my work today.
should 表示责任、义务或者建
议，意为“应该” We should learn to look after
ourselves at school.
表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中 What should we do
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
shall shall表示征求意见或请
求，用于第一人称，意为“……好吗？” Shall we go to the park for a picnic
this weekend
shall表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、决心、允诺”等意思，用于第二、三人称 You shall not throw rubbish
everywhere.
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
will 表示询问、请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称 Will you lend that book to me
表示意志、愿望和决心 Your parents will try their best to
help you.
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
would 表示询问、请求，比will更委婉 Would you have dinner with me on
Friday
表示意志、愿望和决心，是will的过去式 I promised this boy’s father I would
give him 100 yuan in return.
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
need 用于疑问句，意为“需要” Need I call him now
否定形式needn’t用于否定句， 意为“不必” You needn’t do it again.
以下是李华的一篇习作，其中有六处错误，请找出并进行改正。
　　I love running and I start running for half an hour every day. When I
was in Grade 7， I am not good at sports. I was afraid of running and never
pass my running test. One of my cousins said to me， “If one keeps
doing， he can makes it.” He gave me many suggestions. From then on，
I began to practice runevery day after school. Sometimes， I was so tired
start
am
pass
makes
run
keep
was
passed
make
running
that I really wanted to give up. But I didn’t. I tried my best practice running.
Now I do very well in running. I’m proud of myself and I’m ready for any
challenge in the future.
practice
to practice
一、单句填空。
1. How your mother go to work every day
2. When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, waiting my favorite
songs.
3. （2024·长春）Lili be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick
apples.
4. When the signal light yellow, car drivers should slow down
and prepare to stop.
5. （2024·宿迁）Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he do
DIY well with his special mind.
does　
for　
can’t　
turns　
can　
二、（2024·青海改编）用方框中所给词的适当形式完成语篇。
　look　learn　die　 take　 help　have　be　decide　
　　Wu Muliang is a photographer from a village. He is a young and kind
boy. He 1. photos for old people in his village.
takes　
　　Wu’s grandparents took care of him when he was a little boy. Wu’s
grandpa 2. years ago. But there was no picture of him for the
family to remember. This made Wu and his family very sad. Wu knew that
many old people in his village didn’t 3. their pictures either. So
Wu 4. to help them take pictures.
died　
have　
decided　
　　Wu took pictures of his grandma and other old people in the village.
Some of them were not very old， but they wanted pictures to remember
themselves when they 5. younger.
　　Wu 6. that it’s important to spend time with family from
his experiences. In the future， he will 7. more old people in his
village and other places too. He would like to see them smiling happily when they 8. at their pictures.
were　
learned　
help　
look　

展开更多......

收起↑