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第二部分　语法精研
专题十四　复合句
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CONTENTS
要点聚焦·精准导练
01
专项练习·能力通关
02
命题点一　并列复合句
知识必备　两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起而构成的句子
叫做并列复合句。其基本结构是“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。并列
句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的
关系。
并列连词 作用 示例
and, not only...but also...,
neither...nor...等 表并列 She likes singing and she is
good at it.
but, yet, while, or（否
则，常用于祈使句）等 表转折 The twins study in the same
school, but they’re in different
classes.
并列连词 作用 示例
or, either...or...等 表选择 You can go to the museum by
bus or you can take a taxi.
so, for等 表因果 I have to look after my sister so
I can’t come to your party.
小试身手
用适当的连词填空。
　　How do you go to school？Do you walk 1. ride a bike？ Do you
go by subway or by bus？ For a lot of students, it’s easy to get to school.
2. for the students in one small village, it is difficult. There is no
bridge 3. the river is too quick for boats. 4. the students
there go on a rope way to cross the river to school. It’s their dream to have a
bridge. I do hope one day their dream can come true.
or　
But　
and　
So　
命题点二　主从复合句
知识必备　主从复合句是由一个主句和一个（或一个以上）的从句构成
的。主句作为句子的主体，从句充当句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成
为一个句子。
1. 宾语从句
　　在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。基本
结构：主句＋连接词＋宾语从句。宾语从句的三要素：连接词、语序、
时态。
（1）连接词
连接词 用法 示例
that 本身无意义，一般情
况可省略 He said （that） he could
finish his work before
supper.
if，whether 意为“是否”，不作
句子成分，不可省略 She asked if/whether I
wanted a drink.
连接词 用法 示例
连接代词（what，which, who, whose,
whom） 在句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等 She was never satisfied
with what she had
achieved.
连接副词（when,
where, how, why） 在从句中作状语，如地点状语、时间状语等 He didn’t tell us where we
would see the dolphin
show.
（2）语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋从句（主语＋谓语＋
其他）”。如：
The teacher told us that science was interesting.老师告诉我们科学
很有趣。
She asked me whether/if I could swim. 她问我是否会游泳。
Can you tell me when the shop opens？你能告诉我商店什么时候开门吗？
【注意】
当连接词本身作宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。
I want to know what is the matter. 我想知道发生了什么。
I don’t know who will come tonight. 我不知道晚上谁会来。
（3）时态
主句时态 从句时态 示例
现在时态 根据实际情况而定 I don’t know when she will come
back.
过去时态 相应的过去时态 She told me that she was going to
Beijing the next week.
主句时态 从句时态 示例
任意时态 一般现在时（说明客
观事实、真理或自然
现象等） My geography teacher told us that the
earth goes around the sun.
宾语从句时态口诀：主现从随便，主过从必过，真理永一现。
1. 宾语从句由what， how， where等引导时可转换为“疑问词＋动
词不定式”结构。如：
I don’t know how I can get to the movie theater.
＝I don’t know how to get to the movie theater. 我不知道如何到达
电影院。
2. 宾语从句的否定转移。如果满足以下情况：①主句中的主语为第一人称（I/we）；②谓语动词为think, believe, guess, expect， suppose等表示观念、信念、推测的词；③主句时态为一般现在时，常把宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句谓语动词为否定形式，宾语从句谓语动词为肯定形式。如：I don’t think he will help us. 我认为他不会帮助我们。
小试身手
用适当的连接词完成语篇。
　　Mrs.Haworth’s class required lots of attention. This was especially hard
for me because I was balancing a new school with a new part－time job. My
grades soon began to fall. Just as I began to get a D, Mrs.Haworth asked
me 1. I needed help. Then I nodded and told her
2. my problem was. She listened to me and I knew she truly cared
about my life and my problem.
if/whether　
what　
She told me 3. she understood me but I needed to learn 4.
to manage my time better. Mrs.Haworth greatly developed my ability to
solve my problem on my own.And she would hand my paper over and
encourage me to deal with the ones I missed and find out 5. I hadn’t
worked them out. Thanks to her help, I made great progress and got an A in
the final exam.
that　
how　
why　
2. 状语从句
　　在复合句中作状语的句子叫作状语从句。它可以出现在主句之前、
之后或中间，用连词引导，具有丰富的语义和语法功能，有助于表达复
杂的语言思想和逻辑关系。初中阶段常见的状语从句有：时间状语从
句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结
果状语从句等。
（1）时间状语从句
◆when， while与as
　三者都有“当……时”的意思，注意以下用法与区别：
连词 用法 示例
when 从句的谓语动词通常是短暂性
动词，表示某一时刻的动作 When we got to the mountain
top, it was raining hard.
谓语动词为延续性动词时，从
句用过去进行时 The doorbell rang when I was
telephoning.
连词 用法 示例
while 从句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词 Judy ran to the garden while/when her parents were hiding the Easter eggs.
当主句和从句的时态都是进行时的时候，用while连接 Zhu Hui was watching the dragon boat races on TV while his mother was making zongzi in the kitchen.
as 侧重在某事发生的过程中另一件事发生 As the sun rose, the fog slowly disappeared.
意义及用法 示例
用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，
主句的动词一般是延续性动词，表示该
动作延续到till/until所表示的时间为止 We stayed there till/until it
stopped raining.
◆till与until
意义及用法 示例
用于否定句，not...until...意为“直到……
才……”，主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，
表示该动作直到till/until所表示的时间才发生 Sam isn’t leaving until
he comes back.
【注意】主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来
时。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.直到所有的人都上了车，车才开走。
◆since
意义及用法 示例
意为“自从……；从……
起”，从句常用一般过去
时，主句用一般现在时或现
在完成时 It’s five years since I began to study
English.
We’ve celebrated the festival since the first
pioneers from England arrived in
America.
连词 意义 示例
before 在……前；
到……为止 Did she leave a message before she left？
It was some time before I realized the truth.
after 在……以后 I’ll call you after I’ve spoken to them.
◆before与after
（2）原因状语从句
连词 意义及用法 示例
because 意为“因为”，表示
直接原因，常用来回
答why引导的特殊疑
问句 On Thai New Year, people go on the
streets to throw water at each other
because the new year is a time for
cleaning and washing away bad luck.
（3）条件状语从句
连词 意义 示例
if 如果 Kids will play a trick on you if you
don’t give them a treat on Halloween.
unless （＝if...not） 除非 Our dream won’t come true unless we
try our best.＝Our dream won’t come
true if we don’t try our best.
as/so long as 只要……
就…… As long as you plan well and work
hard, your resolution will come true.
【注意】 条件状语从句的时态要遵循“主将从现”“主情从现”“主
祈从现”的原则。
（4）让步状语从句
连词 意义及用法 示例
although/though 意为“虽然”，在同一个句子里，although 和but 不能连用 Although many things have changed
a lot， my love for sports hasn’t
changed a bit.
even though/ even if 尽管；即使 I went to my favorite cafe even
though it was two blocks away from
my office.
（5）目的状语从句
连词 意义及用法 示例
so that/ in order
that 意为“为
了……”，当主
句和从句的主语
相同时，从句可
以转化为动词不
定式（即to do） Children walk around the neighborhood so
that they can ask for more candies.
＝Children walk around the neighborhood
in order that they can ask for more
candies.
连词 意义及用法 示例
so that/ in order
that 意为“为
了……”，当主
句和从句的主语
相同时，从句可
以转化为动词不
定式（即to do） ＝Children walk around the neighborhood
in order to ask for more candies.
＝Children walk around the neighborhood
to ask for more candies.
（6）结果状语从句
连词 意义及用法 示例
so…that 如此……以至于…… so＋adj./adv.＋that从句 Hou Yi was so sad that he called
out his wife’s name to the moon
every night.
such…that 如此……以至于…… such＋（a/an）＋adj.＋n.
＋that从句 It’s such a pleasant trip that I
will never forget it.
小试身手
用方框中适当的连词完成语篇。
　when　 because　 until　 although 　so that　 as long as　
　　In the 2023 Asian Cup final, the Chinese women’s basketball team got
the Asian Cup champion （冠军） after 12 years.
　　The coach Zheng Wei said, “1. we weren’t in a good
situation at first, we changed ourselves in time. From the semi-final （半
决赛）, all the players pulled together 2. we could win the
competition.” Zheng Wei also said that the Chinese team faced many
difficulties. For example, 3. some players were injured （受
伤的）, there were even not enough players for games. She added, “We
didn’t show our best 4. we fought against Australia in the semi-
final.”
Although　
so that　
because　
until　
　　The Chinese women’s basketball team has the same spirit as Zheng Wei.
5. there is a hope, they won’t give up. As for the coach,
Zheng Wei has performed well since she was a player. Zheng said the
teammates felt tired after they trained all day, but they never complained
（抱怨）. She believed that only 6. they really experienced
difficult training would they overcome difficulties in the real competition.
　　Under Zheng Wei’s leadership, the Chinese women’s basketball team
will go further.
As long as　
when　
3. 定语从句
　　在复合句中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被
定语从句修饰的词为先行词，引导定语从句的词为关系词。关系词
可以分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）。基本结构为：主句＋先行词＋关系词＋定语从句。如：
My sister likes the delicious cake. （delicious修饰cake）
My sister likes the cake which is made by me.（定语从句which is made by
me修饰cake）
（1）关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 示例
that/which （作主语或
宾语） 物 I love movies that/which are funny.（作主语）
The story （that/which） he told was very funny.
（作宾语）
Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.（作宾语）
关系代词 先行词 示例
that/who（作主语或宾语） whom（作 宾语） 人 She is the girl who/that I saw yesterday.（作宾语）
The woman who/whom you met in the street is Mary.（作宾语）
I have a friend who/that prefers listening to pop music.（作主语）
关系代词只能用that的情况
1. 先行词是all， something， anything， few， none， little， much等不
定代词或前有all， any， no等限定词。如：Is there anything that I can do
for you？有什么需要我帮忙的吗？
We should do all that is good for the environment.我们应该做一切对环境
有益的事。
2. 先行词由序数词或形容词最高级修饰。如：
She is the first student that gets full marks.她是第一个得满分的学生。
Mark is the funniest boy that I have seen.马克是我见过的最有趣的男孩。
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰。如：
She’s the only girl that has finished reading this book. 她是唯一读完这本书的女孩。
4. 先行词中既有人又有物。如：
The writer and his book that you told me just now attract me. 你刚刚告诉我
的那个作家和他的书都很吸引我。
关系副
词 在从句中
的成分 先行词 示例
when 状语 表示时间的名词 I will never forget the day when I got
the first prize.
where 表示地点的名词 I went to the village where I was born.
why 状语 reason That’s the reason why I look up to
him.
（2）关系副词的用法【仅作理解】
小试身手
用适当的关系代词填空。
1. （2024·省适应性测试二）Lucky people are able to notice the
chance we might miss.
2. （2024·泸州）A true friend is a person will always be
there to share your laughter and tears.
3. （2024·太原一模）Here are a few more people told us
about their lives, their ideas, their feelings, and their stories.
that/which　
who/that　
who/that　
4. （2024·山西）It would be a thing was expected to
happen if math study was going to be paper-folding, Alex thought.
5. （2023·山西）These tests can’t measure （衡量） all the things
make you wonderful and special. Your results from these tests will not tell
you everything.
that/which　
that　
以下是李华的一篇习作。请你读完后，根据文后要求完成任务。
　　In my free time, I often volunteer outside.①I think volunteering can
help others and myself. I often go to the nursing home to help the elderly,
pick up garbage in the park and give out leaflets to let people care for the
environment.
　　I still remember my experience of being a volunteer. Last year, ②I
joined a group. The group was set up to help clean up the community. Every day, I got up very early and collected the rubbish from door to door.③I felt a little tired at first. I kept doing it for two weeks. To my joy, I received a thank－you letter from the neighbors in the end.
　　I feel proud of being a volunteer. What is more, I am also thankful for the people who have helped me.
根据所给提示改写句子。
①not only...but also...引导的并列句

②定语从句

③although引导的让步状语从句

I think volunteering can not only help others， but also help myself.
I joined a group that/which was set up to help clean up the community.
Although I felt a little tired at first， I kept doing it for two weeks.
一、单句填空。
1. （2024·河北）Jeff still works hard he has achieved
great success.
2. （2024·泸州）You will never truly understand your parents’ great
love you grow up.
3. （2024·长春）As a science lover， I hope I can invent a
bike can fly in the sky.
although/though　
until/till　
that/which　
4. （2024·常州）Practice is very important. You will forget the new
words you often use them.
5. （2024·连云港）Our school life is more interesting now we
can enjoy ourselves in different clubs.
unless　
because　
二、用适当的连词完成语篇。
　　On April 8, in Hangzhou, a young man called Andy packed his
breakfast at a local noodle house. 1. to his surprise, he got much
more than he expected.
But　
　　Andy shared a video on the Internet about his experience. In the
video, he was so shocked to find a couple of thousand yuan in his bag
instead of breakfast. Andy knew that he could just take the money, but he
said he knew 2. he needed to do.
　　“Now I have to return it 3. I’m a good person,” Andy
said, putting the money back into the bag.
what　
because　
　　After he walked into the noodle house, he gave the bag to a worker at
the door. The worker realized he returned the money 4. they
were looking for. With the grateful smiles on their faces, one worker asked
5. they could give him a hug. Andy agreed.
that/which　
if/whether　
　　Back in the car, Andy recalled what he had done. “The workers were
just all hugging me and thanking me. I got such a great feeling of pride
6. I saw the look of joy on their faces, ” he said. “Honesty
can lead me forward and make my future more colorful,” he wrote in his
diary.
when　

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