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英语一轮复习语法填空之提示词为动词
Presented by Xu Yan 2024 /11/5
ⅠLearning objectives:
培养对语法填空提示词为动词的敏感度。
2. 掌握语法填空提示词为动词的解题思路和做题方法。
Ⅱ.考情分析
动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点、核心考点。
提示词为动词的个数
2024年 新课标Ⅰ卷 3
新课标Ⅱ卷 5
2023年 新课标Ⅰ卷 5
新课标Ⅱ卷 3
2022年 新课标Ⅰ卷 4
Ⅲ.提示词为动词解题思路
“一定三思”法
Ⅳ提示词动词作谓语动词解题方法
例1 (2021年全国新高考1卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
例2 (2021年浙江卷) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
例3 (2021年全国甲卷) The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It__________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
微技能1：确定谓语动词时态的四种方法
方法 1：慧眼识别时间标志词
链接：重要时间标志词速记
1.一般现在时:every day、always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等。
2.一般过去时:yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day 、one rainy day、in 2021、once 等。
3.现在完成时: already、lately、recently, for+一段时间、since+过去的时间点、so far/up to now/till now , ever since、in/over/during the past ten years等。
4.一般将来时: tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon等。
5.现在进行时: at present、now、at this moment等。
6.过去完成时: two days before, by/by the end of+过去时间点。
1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
3. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________(make) over the years.
4. (2020年 浙江高考)By about 6000 BC, people ___________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise．Later, they learned to work with the seasons...
方法 2：瞻前顾后找并列
常用并列连词速记：and, but, or, neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but aslo...等，同一个主语的两个或两个以上的谓语动词时态一般要保持一致。
1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
3. (2020年江苏卷) There, he not only did well as a student but also _________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
方法 3：常用句式记心间
常用句式速记：
1. sb was/were doing sth when sb did. . . 某人正在做某事这时突然...
2. This/It/That is/was the first/second. . .time that sb have/had done. . . 某人第...次做某事
3.祈使句＋and/or+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
4. It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth 是某人应做某事的时候了
1. This was the first time I _________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
2. I _________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
3. I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exercise and you_________ (feel) better.”
4. Therefore, it is high time that we_________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
方法 4：认真体会辩语境
如果分析句子结构，发现没有时间标志词和其它提示词，应根据上下文语境判断谓语动词的时态。通常和上下文保持时态一致性。
1. (2020·浙江高考）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64　 　rise of science, changes began. New methods________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming．
2. As a result, as the number of qubis (量子位) ________(increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
微技能2：确定谓语动词的语态
1. 主语和谓语动词是主动关系，用主动语态；若是被动关系则用被动语态。
2. 常见被动语态基本形式：
一般现在时：am/is/are done
一般过去式: was/were done
一般将来时: will be done
现在进行时：am/is/are being done
过去进行时：was/were being done
现在完成时：have/has been done
过去完成时：had been done
情态动词+be done
主动形式表被动形意义也要注意：
①当sell,cut,read,wear, write, wash, cook,lock,shut, dry, drink 等表示自身具有某种性质且动词带有状语修饰语时，用主动形式表达被动含义。
The book sells well . 这本书很畅销。
The cloth dries easily. 这种布料很好洗。
②need, want, require, worth, deserve 等后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
The plants need/want/require watering=The plants need/want/require to be watered.
The book is worth reading.
③在某些“ 形容词+不定式”的结构中，不定式与句子的主语有动宾关系，不定式常用主动结构。这类形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, nice, dangerous, important, heavy等。
The sentence is difficult to understand.
The box is too heavy for me to lift.
1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm…
3. The book which is based on a true story_________(sell) so well that it__________(sell) out since two days ago.
微技能3：主谓一致三原则
主谓一致三原则：
语法一致原则：主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to 等时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致即就远原则。
就近一致原则：由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致原则：单数名词/不可数名词/to do 不定式/动名词doing/不定代词/主语从句作主语一般表单数概念，谓语动词用单数；定语从句从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
1. (2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers , ______(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2. Chinese American shef, Ken Hom, who______(work) on British TV for over 30 years, says: “Chinese food in the 1980 in the UK was mainly sweet.”
3. Not only the children but also their father______(move) deeply by the moving story at that time.
Ⅴ. 提示词动词作非谓语动词
例1：(2024年新课标Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
例 2： (限时练4) Among them, Xidi and Hongcun villages, _________(declare) by UNESCO to be World Heritage sites in 2000 for their outstanding preservation of ancient rural architecture, welcome visitors who came to appreciate their distinctive Huizhou style houses and a full display of the Hui culture.
归纳总结: 若所给提示词为动词，分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词，考虑填____________, 再判断用什么形式。不定式表________和________, 现在分词表________和________，过去分词表________和________。
微技能 1 巧解非谓语动词作主语
句子缺少主语，找到句子的谓语动词，确定用动名词 doing 作主语还是不定式 to do 作主语。动名词做主语通常表示抽象的，一般性的或者习惯性的行为。
不定式做主语通常表示具体的，一次性的或尚未发生的动作。
Smoking is harmful to health.
To climb the mountain tomorrow is my plan.
2. 牢记it为形式主语，动名词doing 和 不定式 to do 作真正主语的句型：
①It’s+adj. for sb+to do sth.
It is beneficial for us to walk on a regular basis.
②It’s+adj.(表品质性格) of sb+to do sth.
It is generous of you to help the people in need.
③It is no use/good doing sth.
It is no use crying over the split milk.
④It takes sb some time to do sth.
It took us almost an hour to get there.
⑤It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
It is worthwhile spending/to spend time studying English.
1. __________ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
3. ______(write) diary helps her relieve stress.
4. _______(do) well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.
微技能 2 巧解非谓语动词作宾语
1. 介词后常跟doing 作宾语，构成介宾结构 。
2. 牢记只跟doing作宾语的动词和短语：喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid)；不禁放弃大冒险(cannot help、give up、risk)；感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth)；介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off)；允许完成是期望(allow、permit、finish、look forward to)；建议继续勤操练(suggest、keep on、practise)；致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on)；注意成功不错过(pay attention to、succeed in、miss)
3. 牢记只跟to do作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise)；两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse)；设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide、determine)；不要假装在选择(pretend、choose、select)；打算提出一计划(intend、offer、plan)；申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford)；准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)
跟doing和to do 作宾语意义不同：
mean to do sth 打算作某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事;
remember to do sth 记得要去做 remember doing sth 记得做过；
forget to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事
regret to do 遗憾去做某事 regret doing 遗憾做了某事
try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事
go on to do sth 接着（去做另外一件事） go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
stop to do 停止（某件事）目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事
1. (2021年全国甲卷) After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2. (2021年全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
3.(2018年全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
微技能 3 巧解非谓语动词作定语
1. 现在分词 doing 作后置定语修饰名词表主动关系或正在进行；表心理状态的现在分词形容词，意为令人...的；过去分词 done 表被动关系或完成；表心理状态的过去分词形容词，意为人感到...的。
2. 由 first、second、last等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰的名词时常用不定式作定语；抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、plan、promise、attempt、desire等后常用不定式作后置定语。
1. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
3. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
4. (2015卷I) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
微技能 4 巧解非谓语动词作状语
1. 现在分词 doing作状语, 句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 表伴随、时间或条件、自然而然的结果等；when/while doing 当做某事时。
2.过去分词 done 作状语, 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者。
3.不定式作状语可以用作目的状语;
only to do sth作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果;
形容词或过去分词后接不定式作原因状语，常见词有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。
1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
4. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
5. _________(compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can caculate 100,000 times faster.
微技能 5 巧解非谓语动词作表语和宾语补足语
1. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。表心理状态的现在分词形容词作表语修饰物, 意为“令人……的”,而过去分词形式作表语修饰人, 意为“感到……的” 。
2. 常用不定式作宾语补足语: tell/order/allow/require/permit/enable/encourage/ask/invite sb to do sth等;
现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行:
see/notice/watch catch/find/keep/have/hear sb doing sth等；
过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。
常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have/make/get/see/notice/watch/hear sb/sth done等。
have的固定用法：have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直做;
have sth done 让某事被做；
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
1. (2021年全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions....
2. (2014年全国2卷) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________ (disappoint).
3. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) They are required __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
Ⅵ. 提示词动词词性转化
解题方法: 如果所给提示词为动词，既不作谓语动词，又不作非谓语动词，就要考虑词性转化,一般把动词转化为名词或形容词。
1：(2021年浙江卷) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _________(marry) ceremony
2：We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful.
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
4. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.
5. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
6. There is no doubt that he is a _______ (rely) person.
Ⅶ Reflect
关于语法填空提示词为动词的解题思路，我学到了什么？
Ⅷ Homework 第九期学英语报纸第一版和第四版两篇语法填空。

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