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Unit 5 - What are the shirts made of
1. 课文主题概述
本单元的主题是描述物品的材质和制作过程，并学习被动语态的用法。通过本单元，学生将能够：
讨论日常物品的材质和用途。
学习用英语描述制造过程。
掌握被动语态的基本结构和应用场景。
2. 单词与短语讲解
核心单词：
material (n.) 材料
例句：Wood and metal are common materials.
衍生：raw material 原材料
cotton (n.) 棉
例句：This shirt is made of cotton.
衍生：cotton clothes 棉质衣物
recycle (v.) 回收利用
例句：Glass bottles can be recycled.
衍生：recyclable (adj.) 可回收的
leather (n.) 皮革
例句：This bag is made of leather.
plastic (n./adj.) 塑料；塑料的
例句：The bottles are made of plastic.
核心短语：
be made of 用……制成（材质不变）
例句：The table is made of wood.
be made from 用……制成（材质改变）
例句：Paper is made from trees.
be made by 由……制作
例句：The cake was made by my mother.
be used for 被用来……
例句：This tool is used for cutting wood.
be known for 因……而著名
例句：This place is known for its handmade carpets.
3. 句型与语法重点
A. 被动语态的基本结构
定义：被动语态用于强调动作的承受者，而非动作的执行者。
基本结构：
主语 + be动词 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 执行者）
例句：The book is written by a famous writer.
时态变化：
一般现在时：is/are + 过去分词
例句：The shirts are made of cotton.
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
例句：The house was built last year.
一般将来时：will be + 过去分词
例句：New rules will be introduced soon.
B. 被动语态的应用场景
描述制作过程：
These cars are produced in Germany.
强调动作承受者：
The letter was sent to the wrong address.
不知道或不需要提及动作执行者：
English is spoken in many countries.
练习：将下列句子改为被动语态：
People make paper from trees.
→ Paper is made from trees.
4. 课文重点解析
课文围绕日常物品的材质及制作展开，通过对话讨论以下问题：
材质描述：
What are these bags made of
They’re made of leather.
制作过程：
How is paper made
It’s made from wood.
用途讨论：
What is this tool used for
It’s used for cutting metal.
5. 课堂练习
A. 翻译句子
这些瓶子是用塑料做的。
棉花被用来制作衣服。
这块手表是瑞士制造的。
这个房子是去年建造的。
B. 选词填空
选词：made, known, used, material, recycled
This chair is ________ of wood.
The city is ________ for its beautiful beaches.
Glass can be ________ and made into new products.
This tool is ________ for fixing bikes.
Cotton is a common ________ for making clothes.
C. 改写句子
They make toys from plastic.
→ ___________________________________________
People speak English in many countries.
→ ___________________________________________
6. 拓展阅读与写作
A. 阅读短文
主题：How Plastic is Recycled
Plastic is one of the most common materials in our daily lives. To recycle plastic, it is first collected and sorted. Then, it is cleaned and melted into small pieces. These pieces are used to make new products, such as bottles or bags. Recycling plastic helps reduce waste and protect the environment.
问题：
What is the first step to recycle plastic
Why is recycling plastic important
B. 写作任务
题目：Describe How an Object is Made
要求：用5-8句话描述一种物品的制作过程，包括：
物品名称和用途。
制作的材料。
制作的步骤。
范例：
Paper is a very common product. It is made from trees. First, the wood is cut into small pieces. Then, it is mixed with water and chemicals to make pulp. The pulp is pressed and dried to form paper. Paper is widely used for writing, printing, and packaging.
【编者注：这份讲义涵盖了Unit 5的重点单词、短语、句型和语法，帮助学生理解物品制作的过程及被动语态的使用。】

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