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Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
Unit 6 Earth First
Learning aims
To understand the main idea of the passage.
To learn the changes of people’s attitudes to sharks .
To master the useful words and phrases.
To raise student's awareness of protecting wild animals.
Leading-in
What is the video about
Leading-in
Look at the title and pictures. What will the passage talk about
1.How are sharks described in the film Jaws
Sharks are described in the film as dangerous and bad animals that eat humans.
2.Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage.
To criticise Peter Benchley's misleading description of sharks in his book and advocate the protection of sharks.
To explain people's misunderstanding of sharks and raise awareness of shark protection.
To inform people about sharks and recommend the film and the book to them.
FAST READING
Task 1: Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.
Sharks:
Dangerous or Endangerd
Para _________
dangerous.
Para ___ +Para 4
_____________.
Para 5
More people want to
_________________.
1 and 2
3
endangerd
protect sharks from extinction
FAST READING
Task2:Read the passage quickly and organize the structure of the passage.
1. Jaws changed people’s idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
2. Some people are afraid of swimming in the sea because they saw Jaws.
3. After 1975, the number of large sharks around South America fell quickly.
4. People cut off the fins and then throw sharks onto the beach where sharks die slowly and painfully.
5. Benchley began to protect sharks after he realized that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour.
T
F
F
F
T
CAREFUL READING
Task1: Read the passage carefully and do the T or F questions.
Task 2: Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.
People have a normal fear of sharks.
People have always been scared of sharks because they are considered 1___________________.
People are more frightened of sharks.
People who saw the film Jaws believed 2_____________________________
_________.
Some people stopped 3__________________ while others started to 4_______________.
The number of large sharks fell quickly due to 5_______________________.
as dangerous animals
sharks were bad animals that ate humans
swimming in the sea
fish for sharks
fear of sharks and finning
More people are against finning and wish to protect sharks.
Peter Benchley admitted that his book 6____________________________ and fought 7____________ them.
Experts have proved that 8____________________________, and they attack us by mistake.
Some people became intersted in 9___________________ and more are willing to 10____________________________.
was wrong about sharks' behaviour
to protect
sharks do not see people as food
understanding sharks
protect sharks from extinction
The 1975 film Jaws was a great success, 1. (attract) huge audiences and winning many awards. People have always been 2. (scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. Many people 3. saw the film considered sharks as bad animals. Some even began to fish for sharks. As 4. result, the number of sharks fell quickly. This was not only due to fear of sharks, 5. also finning. After finning, the sharks 6. (throw) back into the sea where they die painfully. In 1980, Peter Benchley came across an awful sight. He 7. (admit) that his book was wrong about sharks’ 8. (behave). 9. (fortunate), more people become interested in sharks now, and they want 10. (protect) them from extinction.
POST READING
Fill in the blanks.
attracting
scared
who/that
a
but
are thrown
admitted
behaviour
Fortunately
to protect
1. How do you think Peter Benchley felt after his diving trip in 1980？
Peter Benchley might feel sad for the sharks being killed; he might feel regretful for depicting the great white shark as a dangerous animal in his book; he might also feel angry about finning.
2. What other films or books do you know that feature wild animals Do they “paint” a good or bad picture of these animals Say how the animals are described.
Think & share
1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.
人们总是害怕鲨鱼，但是《大白鲨》使事情变得更糟。
He scared the students into silence.他把这些学生吓得不敢出声。
Once people were scared of taking the buses late at night.
从前人们害怕在深夜乘坐公共汽车。
The small animals were scared to run away when they saw a tiger walking towards them.小动物看见一只老虎朝他们走来，吓得跑开了。
Language points
【知识归纳】
(1)scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb. into (doing) sth.威胁/恐吓某人(做)某事
(2)scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事
(be) scared to death 吓得要死
(3)scaring adj.让人害怕的
【即学即练】单句语法填空
⑴They scared the little boy _______ stealing foods in the supermarket.
⑵The little girl is scared of ______(go)out alone.
⑶The shy boy is scared ____________ (ask) for help at school.
into
going
to ask
2.target v.把……作为目标 n.目标
“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.
“鲨鱼不以人类为目标，”他说。
The campaign will target American insurance companies.
这场活动将以美国各保险公司为目标。
The area has become a prime target for supermarket development.
该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。
We should set a target and try to achieve it.
我们应该设定一个目标，并努力实现它。
【知识归纳】
achieve one’s target达到目标
aim at a target瞄准目标
hit/set a target完成/设定指标
【即学即练】
（1）Google used the data collected from users________________(target) advertising better.
（2）（2022·北京高考）We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to (target) by viruses.
（3） The woman_________________________(瞄准目标) but hit the wall.
to target
aimed at the target
be targeted
3. fortunately adv. 幸运地
Fortunately , not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks
幸运的是，并不是每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼。
I was late，but fortunately the meeting hadn’t started.我迟到了,不过幸好会议还没有开始。
【知识归纳】
（1）fortune n.运气；大笔的钱
try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune 发财
（2）fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate to do sth.幸运地做某事
（3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的→ unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【即学即练】
(1)　　　 　（fortunate），after six years’ hard
work，he founded his own company.
(2)Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. 　　 　（unfortunate），
neither of them could swim.
(3)He went to Australia and soon made 　　 　fortune.
(4) I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（很幸运找到一份工作）that I love.
Unfortunately
a
Fortunately
am fortunate to find a job
4. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种
Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.
时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人想要保护它们免遭灭绝。
【知识归纳】
species in danger of extinction 有灭绝危险的物种
be close to extinction 濒临灭绝
protect...from extinction 保护……免于灭绝
lead to the extinction of many animals 导致许多动物的灭绝
extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的
an extinct species 已灭绝的物种
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1) The 　　　　（extinct）of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.
完成句子
(2)According to Jack，it is global warming that leads to ___________________________（许多动物的灭绝）.
(3) Conservationists are trying to 　　　　　　 　　　　　　（保护鲸类以防止其灭绝）.
extinction
the extinction of many animals
protect the whale from extinction
5.due to 因为
（2022·北京高考）Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.
由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。
【知识归纳】
表原因的介词短语： because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。
词义辨析　
(1)due to 意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。
(2)thanks to意为 “多亏；由于”，只作状语。
(3)owing to意为“由于” 常作状语。
(4)as a result of意为“由于” 作状语。
【即学即练】完成句子
（1）The production has been increased by around 30 percent _________________________ (由于新技术).
同义句转换
（2）They have had another good harvest ________________ the heavy snow of last winter.
→They have had another good harvest ___________________________ the heavy snow of last winter.
due to the new technology
thanks to
due to/because of/owing to
6.cut off 切断
Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
捕鲨割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在那里鲨鱼被捕获，他们的鳍被切断。
【知识归纳】
cut down削减；删节；砍伐
cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
cut up 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿过；穿透
cut in 插入；插嘴；超车抢道
【即学即练】
(1)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome，Alaska.The town was ___________ from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
(2)Every one of us can make a great effort to ____________ the use of energy in our country.
(3)She kept _________ on our conversation，which made us very angry.
(4)__________ the carrots before you put them into the pot.
(5)He __________ the park and got there in time.
cut off
cut down
cutting in
Cut up
cut through
7. have an effect upon/on对……有影响
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.捕鲨割鳍对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响，电影《大白鲨》就是根据他的书改编的。
【知识归纳】
take effect生效，实行
come /go into effect开始生效，开始实施
put sth. into effect实施，实行
【名师点津】
(1)affect常作及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。
(2)effect常作名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”。
【即学即练】用effect有关短语的适当形式填空
⑴Her illness ______________________________ her work.
⑵It won’t be easy to ____________ the changes ________________.
⑶The new tax rates ________________ from April.
同义句转换
⑷After a heated discussion at the meeting，a new plan came into being，which would affect greatly the cultural life of the people.
→After a heated discussion at the meeting，a new plan came into being，which would______________________________ the cultural life of the people.
have a great effect upon/on
has had a bad effect upon/on
put
into effect
came into effect
8.be wrong about在……方面是错的； 误解……
He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.
他承认他的书对鲨鱼行为的描写是错误的。
【知识归纳】
go wrong 犯错，弄错
do wrong to sb. 对待(某人)不公平；冤枉某人 　
【名师点津】wrong 的一词多义
(1)adj.错误的；有毛病的；不适当的；不道德的
(2)adv.错误地
(3)n.不义行为；坏事；犯罪；欺骗；错误；不公正
(4)v.冤枉；不公正地对待
【即学即练】
(1)We can often _________________(误解)each other，so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!
(2)Sometimes you can __________(犯错)，but this is the best way to learn this new language.
(3)Mary’s friend felt regret for he ________________(冤枉她).
be wrong about
go wrong
did wrong to her
9.Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
幸运的是，并不是所有看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对理解鲨鱼很感兴趣。
【句式分析】
not everyone是部分否定用法。
部分否定的构成：含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词(如all，everything，always等)与not连用。
It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。
Both of the windows in my bedroom are not facing to the south.
我卧室里的两扇窗户不都是朝南的。
We all agree that everything in the office isn’t satisfying.
我们都认为办公室里的一切并不都令人满意。
【即学即练】完成句子
(1)But _________________(并非这两个城市都) develop slowly over a long period of time.
(2)__________________ (不是所有的文化) greet each other the same way.
(3)It is __________________(并不总是容易的) for the public to see what use a new invention can be of to human life.
not both cities
Not all cultures
not always easy
一句多译
(4)事实是并不是每个人都重视合理安排时间。
The truth is that ________________ is attaching great importance to time management.
→The truth is that ________________ attaching great importance to time management.
(5)并不是两道数学题都很难。
Both of the two maths problems __________________.
→__________________ the two maths problems are very difficult.
not everyone
everyone is not
are not very difficult
Not both of
1. scare→ scared→scaring
2. strong→strength
→strengthen
3. frighten→frightened
→frightening
4. fortunate → fortunately
5. extinct → extinction
6. pain → painful→painfully
认知词汇
拓展词汇
shark
surface
underwater
scene
fin
dive
attack
awful
horrible
target
Summary
应用词汇
1. effect:have an effect on;take effect;put...into effect;
2. scare:be scared of; be scared to do; scare sb away
3. cover:be covered with/by
4. attack: under attack
5. attitude:attitude to/towards
6.fortune:make a fortune; try one's fortune
fortunate:be fortunate to do
核心短语
1. the number of
2. due to
3.cut off
4. have an effect on
5.come across
6. be covered with
7.by mistake
8.rather than
9.see...as...
10. be wrong about
11. the other way round
1.部分否定
...not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks...不是所有……
2. 定语从句
It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.
Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks are bad animals that ate humans.
重点句式
【即学即练】I 单词拼写 1. The birds were (害怕的) by the sudden barking of a dog. 2. The airline industry is being (把……作为目标)for a recruiting drive now. 3. I was late in getting to the station, but (幸运地) for me, the train was late too. 4. What shall we do towards the species which are suffering the danger of (灭绝 5. So as for students like us, we should have a good (态度) towards failure.
scared
targeted
fortunately
extinction
attitude
II 单句语法填空
（1） A double room with a balcony has been reserved 　　　　 him.
for
（2） As we all know，he is a generous， 　　　　（devote），reliable and warm-hearted friend.
devoted
（3） The Mayor will personally present the gold medal 　　　　 the winning athletes at the sports meeting.
to
III 补全/翻译句子
1. Charlie （砍掉）the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.
2. She always focused on what her friend said and seldom （插嘴）.
3. Don’t （砍倒）the tree that gives you shade.
4. The captain of the ship was advised to turn back （由于）a sudden heavy storm.
5. These measures are just beginning to （生效）.
6.他们两个人并非都可靠。
译文: 　 　　　 　 　　　 　 　　　.
cuts off
cut in
cut down
due to
take effect
Not both of them are reliable
Have an aim in life, or your energies will all be wasted. — R.Peters
人生应有目标，否则白白浪费精力。
—彼得斯

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