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长难句专题2------解构“两步走”
第一步：直击谓语
第二步：找准断句点（介从非谓）
1.介词：on、from、at、with、by，before、after、等
2.从句：连词+wh-系列，what*which*how*where...
3.非谓：to do.....//doing....//（done...）
注意:两逗号中间的同位语直接删，
你会抓住句子核心吗
include well-researched, timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.
结构分析：
直击谓语：谓语形式有哪些：
主句谓语是：
找准断句（介从非谓）:
提取句子核心：
词汇与表达：
Broaden v.扩宽
Informative adj. 提供丰富信息的,增长见识的
Article n.文章
Finance n.金融
Humor n.幽默 （humorous adj.幽默的）
Field n.领域，田野
参考译文
仿写：
You will discover that our focus has broadened to include articles
你会发现，我们的焦点拓宽了。为了干什么？为了包括一些文章。
句子使用 对前面的内容进行补充，这是该结构的重要功能之一。类似的情况其实非常常见，比如下面的例子：
I am glad . 我很高兴见到你。
He showed me a way .他给我展示了一个学习英语的方法。
It provides an opportunity 它提供一个和其他人社交的机会
well-researched, timely and informative articles ////articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.
把一个名词描述得更加具体，有两种手段是比较常见的——在名词前面加形容词，或在名词后面补充介词短语。例如：核心内容：a boy 一个男孩
名词前面加形容词：an boy 一个活泼的男孩
名词后面补充介词短语：an energetic boy 一个来自我们班的活泼的男孩
需要大家掌握的是，在看到这一大堆东西的时候：
“形容词，形容词，形容词，形容词 and 形容词 名词 介词短语，短语，短语，短语，and 短语” 一眼抓住里面唯一的核心名词。其中修饰的成分并列格式如下：
and表示并列有
两者并列：A and B（不需要逗号）
三者并列：A，B，and C（需要逗号）
He is an boy. 他是一个活泼的、有趣的、善良的男孩
Tu Youyou is . 屠呦呦是一个慷慨随和的人。
The activity focuses on improving students’
. 这个活动专注于提升学生的听说读写能力。
如何解释原因？
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas.
结构分析：
再次强调英文句式规则：
1、绝大多数情况下，从句是从引导词开始的，你要在引导词的旁边把它断开；
2、遇到没有动作发出者的谓语动词，也可能需要断开；
3、一个句子一个谓语动词，如果需要两个或以上，则要有连词。
因此拆分结果如下：
The real reason 名词
why I ask students to leave technology at the door 从句引导词why断开
is 没有动作发出者的谓语动词
that I think there are very few places 从句引导词that断开
in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. 从句引导词which断开，注意定语从句介词in前置现象
删掉句子修饰成分（介从非谓）后提取句子核心：
词汇与表达：
ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事、
leave sth 留下某物
technology 不要狭隘地理解为“技术”，而是和技术有关的一系列事物，在这指的是电脑手机ipad等电子设备
there be句型，表示“某处有某物”
few places，表示否定，几乎没有这样的地方。few和little加不加冠词含义不同，如果基本功不扎实，阅读中非常容易错误理解。a few / a little “有一些 表示肯定” “few / little 几乎没有 表示否定”
参考译文
仿写：
The reason why …… is that …… 为什么会……的原因是……
前面的why……是一个定语从句，用于说明什么事的reason，后面的that是一个表语从句，用于说明具体是什么reason。如果把两个从句的内容写为“原因”和“结果”，这个句式是这样的：
The reason why 结果 is that 原因
结果：I recommend this book 我推荐这本书
原因：there are many interesting stories in it 它里面有许多有趣的故事
合并：
我推荐这本书的原因是它里面有许多有趣的故事。
结果：we won the victory of the competition 我们取得了比赛的胜利
原因：all the team members devoted themselves wholeheartedly 所有队员全身心投入
合并：
我们取得了比赛的胜利的原因是所有队员全身心投入。
结果：I would like to run for the chairman of Student Union 我想要竞选成为学生会主席
原因：the position will improve my team management ability and social skills.这个职位可以提升我的管理能力和社交技能。
合并：
我想要竞选成为学生会主席的原因是这个职位可以提升我的管理能力和社交技能。
I think there are very few places 我觉得几乎没有地方
首先需要注意的是there be句型，表示“某处有某物”，写作里使用的频率极高。注意，中文里“有”的概念，在英文里是两种情况：
某人有某物（拥有） sb have/has sth，动词单复数由sb决定
某处有某物（存在有） there are/is sth，动词单复数由sth决定
例句：
有很多人看这个文章。
每个人都有权力说不。
教室有34个学生。
每个学生都有机会申请成为学生会主席。
in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas 在这些地方我们能进行深入的交谈并且真正接触复杂的想法
这个定语从句就在补充前面的places，到底是什么样的地方。which作为定语从句关系代词，指代的就是前面的places，所以in which就等于in the places 在这些地方。
句子里的两个动词短语，积累下的写作素材。
have deep conversations 进行深入的交谈
truly engage complex ideas 真正接触复杂的想法
具体在写作的时候可以自由灵活地调整内容。参考如下（建议摘录背诵）：
English corner gives us a precious opportunity and
.
英语角给我们提供了宝贵的机会去和其他人进行有趣的对话并且真正接触到不同的想法。
如何对比？
In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.
结构分析：
句子谓语是：were developed //while是连词//and是连词
断句如下：
In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed
while others remained undeveloped,
and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.
删掉句子修饰成分（介从非谓）后提取句子核心：
词汇与表达：
much of / many of表示“许多的……”
develop主动语态表示“发展、变化、出现影响”;被动语态表示“开发、研制” 例如：The medicine develops. 药物发展了；The medicine is developed. 药物被研制了。
present v.呈现，给= give n.礼物=gift；现在
unique adj. 独一无的，特殊的=special
Challenge n.挑战=difficulty
in both cases 在两种情况下
参考译文
仿写：
some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, 有些铁路部分被开发了而其它的保持未开发
“Some …… , while others …… 有些……而另一些……”，这个对比句型和there be句型一样，属于高考英语必备的写作句式，主要用于描述两者对比或两方分工，while是重要的表示对比的逻辑连词，
例如：
In holidays, prefer staying at home, while others choose to go out for a travel. 假日里，有些人选择呆在家里，而另一些人选择出去旅游。（两者对比）
Some were hanging up banners, while were putting maps in order.有的人在悬挂横幅，而其他人在把地图摆放整齐。（两方分工）
一些学生非常激动，而另一些学生非常冷静。
多者并列的写作思路
In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
结构分析：
句子谓语是：discover //why 、how 是连词//and是连词
断句如下：
In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations,
students discover 主句的主语和谓语
why these operations work,
how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics,
and how these operations can be used practically.
删掉句子修饰成分（介从非谓）后提取句子核心：
词汇与表达：
in addition to sth，除了……以外=apart from sth， (介词短语)
Perform v.表现、表演 阅读和写作里的重要含义是“开展、进行”。
Various adj.各种各样的=different
mathematical operations数学运算
Work: sb work叫“工作”，sth work叫“有用、有效”。比如“The medicine works”就是“这个药起作用了”。
A relate to B:A与B有关联
sth be used practically，某物被实际应用，
Practically adv.实际地 （practice n.实际；练习 v.练习）
参考译文
仿写：
In addition to ……, students discover why ……, how ……, and how ……
除了……以外，学生发现为什么……，如何……，以及如何……
比如：
邀请类应用文里介绍活动具体内容：邀请某人参加汉语讲座——汉语讲座里面讲什么？需要你列出来三至四件事，
learning the of Chinese characters, the participants will discover Chinese develops, is the difference between ancient and modern Chinese, and Chinese influences other languages in the world. 除了了解汉字的历史以外，参与者会了解到汉语是如何发展的，古代汉语和现代汉语区别是什么，以及汉语如何影响了世界上其它的语言。（建议记录背诵）
在一个绘画活动里会有什么事发生？列出三到四个，
In addition to famous paintings, you will have a great chance to
, techniques, and with our own hands.除了欣赏著名画作以外，你会有机会了解不同绘画风格的发展，理解传统的绘画技法，并且亲手尝试绘画。
老师对学生做的事有哪些？列出三到四个，
In addition to giving us regular classes, the teacher also cares about we understand the basics of the knowledge, we meet some unexpected questions, and we have the confidence to continue our study.除了给我们常规上课以外，老师还关注我们是否理解了知识的基础，我们是否遇到意想不到的问题，以及我们是否有信心继续学习。
students discover 学生发现
很多同学对I think、I believe、I find后面会省略宾语从句的引导词that没有概念，具体基础如下
I think you are right. = I think that you are right.
I . = I believe that you are right.
I . = I find that English is easy.
这里是主句+从句，所以不要因为有两个谓语感到奇怪……
高分作文的句子长什么样？
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.
结构分析：
句子谓语是：starts // and是连词//so as to是连词短语
断句如下：
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts
and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, 连词and并列前一句的谓语
so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. 连词短语so as to表示目的
删掉句子修饰成分（介从非谓）后提取句子核心：
词汇与表达：
start from sth 从某事开始
Relatively adv.相对地
Concept n.概念
Troublesome同义词=difficult、challenging表示“困难的、麻烦的、有挑战的”
ones指代前面的concepts
move on to sth 继续进行到某事
so as to 为了=in order to =to do
steady and sure表示“扎实的和确切的” steadily adv.扎实地，稳定的
参考译文
仿写：
so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.让学生更扎实确切地理解材料
so as to这个表示目的的短语
I work hard get a good score.我努力工作，为了取得一个好成绩。
The government announced a series of policies .政府颁布一系列措施来改善环境。
sth start from … , and gradually move on to … , so as to …
某事从……开始，然后逐步进行到……，为了……
把汉语讲座的句子再改造一下：
The participants will learning the history and development of Chinese characters, and to the difference between ancient and modern Chinese, get a chance for everyone to appreciate the charm of our mother tongue.参与者将从了解汉字的历史和发展开始，然后逐步进行到古汉语和现代汉语的区别，这样可以让大家有机会去欣赏我们母语的魅力。(高分作文的句子长这样长这样长这样，连接的嘎嘎好)
阅读理解：
练习1：
Submission Guidelines
Before sending us a manuscript（稿件）, look through recent issues（刊物）of the Post to get an idea of the range and style of articles we publish. You will discover that our focus has broadened to include well-researched, timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.
1．Before sending a manuscript to the Post, a contributor is advised to .
A．get a better understanding of American issues
B．find out the range of the articles in the post
C．increase his knowledge in many fields
D．broaden his research focus
练习2：
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.
1．the underlined word “engage ”in para.4 probably means ____
A．explore B．accept C．change D．reject
2．according to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may ____
A．keep students from doing independent thinking
B．encourage students to have in-depth conversations
C．help students to better understand complex themes
D．affect students’ concentration on course evaluation
3．According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ________.
A．allow students to get on well with each other
B．improve teaching and offer more help
C．help students to better understand complex themes
D．prohibit students being involved in class
练习3：
The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.
1．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways
A．Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B．Some railroad stops remained.
C．Land in the West was hard to manage.
D．Land grants went into private hands.
练习4：
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents (指数), the order of operations, and square roots.In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
Basic Math stats from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense"of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandable field of study.
1.What does the course Basic Math mainly cover
A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics C. Arithmetic. D.Mathematics Education.
2. The underlined word in the paragraph 3 may mean
A. Relevantly B. comparatively C. gradually D. steadily
3.what can students obtain in Basic Math
A. The ability to work out different math problems. B.A work related to mathematical operations.
C.Some particular Chinese topics. D.Some useful math practices.

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