资源简介

1.occasion　　　场合2.situation　　　情况，处境3.take over　　接管4.exchange　　　交换5.command　　　命令6.confirm　　　　证实7.cultivate　　　　培养8.prosperously　　　繁荣的9.suspect　　　　　怀疑10.relatively　　　　相对的，比较的11.acknowledge　　　承认，鸣谢12.ambition　　　　　抱负，野心13.quality　　　　　质量，品质14.protection　　　保护15.equally　　　　平等地16.promise　　　承诺17.clearly　　　　　清楚地18.grateful　　　感激的19.remove　　　　移开20.force　　　　强迫21.apologize　　　道歉22.terrible　　　可怕的，糟糕的23.stubborn　　　固执的24.actively　　　积极地，主动地25.spiritual　　　精神的，心灵的26.magical　　　魔力的27.willingly　　　愿意地28.strengthen　　　加强29.image　　　　　形象plexity　　　复杂31.cautious　　　小心的32.manage　　　管理，成功做成33.prejudice　　　偏见34.economic　　　经济的，合算的35.academic　　　学术的36.control　　　控制37.adopt　　　　收养，采取38.consume　　　消费，消耗39.unique　　　独一无二的40.beneficial　　　有益的41.varied　　　多变的，各种各样的42.demanding　　　要求高的43.appropriate　　　合理的44.entertainment　　　娱乐45.deliberately　　　故意地46.purchase　　　购买47.tough　　　艰难的48.bright　　　明亮的49.remain　　　留下，保持50.terrify　　　使害怕51.disappointing　令人失望的52.formal　　　正式的53.desire　　　愿望54.share　　　分享，共有55.fulfill　　履行(诺言)，执行(命令)56.admit　　　承认57.evident　　　明显的58.consequently　　　因此，所以59.accustomed　　　习惯的60.accumulate　　　积累61.participate　　　参加62.absence　　　缺席63.presence　　　出席64.bravery　　　勇敢65.horror　　　恐惧66.spotless　　　无暇的67.fundamental　　　基础的68.employment　　　就业，雇用69.involve　　　　包含，使参与70.actually　　　事实上71.harmony　　　和谐72.basically　　　基本的73.inspire　　　激发，鼓舞74.imitate　　　模仿75.awful　　　糟糕的76.generous　　　慷慨的，大方的77.wealthy　　　富有的78.function　　　功能79.stressful　　　有压力的80.persistent　　　坚持不懈的81.reluctant　　　勉强的，不愿意的82.diligent　　　勤奋的83.attentive　　　注意的，周到的84.unbearable　　　不能忍受的85.accommodation　　　住所86.attractive　　　有吸引力的87.constant　　　连续的88.brilliant　　杰出的，才华横溢的89.clumsy　　　笨拙的90.declare　　　宣布，声明91.obtain　　　获得92.interactive　　　相互的，互动的93.incident　　　事件94.adventure　　　冒险95.in particular　　　尤其96.in reality　　　事实上97.emphasize　　　强调98.overlook　　　忽视99.deny　　　否认100.ensure　　　确保101.financial　　　金融102.budget　　　预算103.on the whole　　　整体上104.potential　　　潜在的，潜能105.on the contrary　　　相反106.loyalty　　　忠实107.assume　　　假设108.establish　　　建设109.flexible　　　灵活的110.sensitive　　　敏感的111.essential　　　必不可少的112.unfair　　　不公平的113.expectation　　　期待114.impression　　　印象115.examination　　　考试，检查116.contribution　　　贡献117.certainty　　　肯定118.confuse　　　使迷惑，使混淆119.trap　　　　陷阱，困住120.secondary　　　次要的121.turn up　　　出现122.show off　　　炫耀123.break in　　　闯进124.settle down　　　定居，安定下来125.relief　　　安慰，减轻126.justice　　　公正127.previous　　　先前的，早先的128.instantly　　　立即地129.regularly　　　规则地，规律地130.occasionally　　　偶尔地131.independence　　　独立132.keep up with　　　跟上133.catch up with　　　追赶上e up with　　　想出135.put up with　　　忍受136.guarantee　　　保证137.convince　　　使确信，说服138.atmosphere　　　气氛139.sympathy　　　同情140.punish　　　惩罚141.puzzled　　　感到迷惑的142.scared　　　害怕的143.embarrassed　　　尴尬的144.reaction　　　反应145.forgiveness　　　原谅146.imaginary　　　想象力丰富的147.be filled with　　　充满148.be pleased with 对......感到满意149.be crowded with　　　挤满150.be equipped with　配备有......151.possession　　　财产152.precious　　　珍贵的153.appreciate　　　欣赏，感激154.admire　　　钦佩155.wander　　　闲逛156.get rid of　　　消除，摆脱157.particularly　　　尤其，特别158.purpose　　　目的，意图159.courage　　　勇气160.determination　　　决心161.roll　　 　　　　　滚162.drop　　 　　　掉下163.undoubtedly　　　毫无疑问地164.temporarily　　　暂时地165.thankfully　　　幸运地166.lean against　　　靠着167.challenge　　　挑战168.fierce　　　激烈的169.practical　　　实际的，实用的170.straight　　　直接的171.delighted　　　高兴的172.congratulate　　　祝贺173.faint　　　头晕的174.consult　　　咨询175.messy　　　乱的176.review　　　复习，评论177.curious　　　好奇的178.graduation　　　毕业179.honor　　　　　荣耀fortable　　　舒服的，舒适的181.tiresome　令人生厌的，无聊的182.set up　　　建立183.hold up　　　举起，支撑184.pick up　　　拾起，学会，接185.possess　　　拥有186.crowded　　　拥挤的187.march　　　行军，前进188.apartment　　　公寓189.frightened　　　害怕的190.turn out　　　结果是，证明是191.figure out　　　算出，想出192.anxious　　　焦虑的193.hunt　　　寻找，打猎194.amused　　　愉快的，顽皮的195.optimistic　　　乐观的196.demonstrate证明，演示，显示197.realize　　　意识到198.meaningful　　　有意义的199.faithful　　　忠实的，忠诚的200.grasp　　　抓住，理解201.decorate　　　装饰202.pressure　　　压力203.obvious　　　明显的204.predict　　　预测205.audience　　　观众206.contain　　　包含207.gesture　　　姿势208.pioneer　　　先锋209.afford　　　支付得起210.affair　　　事情211.dependent　　　依赖的212.properly　　　合理地213.sincerely　　　真诚地214.severely　　　严厉地215.guidance　　　指导216.appearance　　　出现，外貌217.astonishment　　　惊讶218.sharpen　　　使锋利ment　　　评论220.privately　　　私人地221.frequently　　　频繁地222.physical　　　身体的，物理的223.donate　　　捐赠224.manufacture　　制造，制造业225.original　　　原始的，起初的226.effective　　　有效的227.object　　　反对228.typical　　　典型的229.possibility　　　可能性230.accidentally　　意外地，偶然地231.immediately　　　立刻232.concern　　　关心，担心233.concentrate　　　集中234.tragedy　　　悲剧235.neglect　　　忽视236.approach　　接近，途径，方法237.disturbance　　　打扰238.arrest　　　逮捕239.restore　　　恢复240.available　可得到的， 可利用的241.accompany　　　陪伴242.characteristic　　　特征，特性243.automatic　　　自动的244.approve　　　批准，同意245.roughly　　　粗略地246.indicate　　　暗示247.hesitation　　　犹豫248.attach　　　系着，附着249.plain　　平的，朴素的，简单的250.mercy　　　怜悯251.sample　　　样本252.considerable　　　相当大的，值得考虑的253.enthusiasm　　　热情254.confirm　　　证实255.phenomenon　　　现象256.modify　　　修改257.annual　　　每年的258.isolation　　　隔离，孤立259.ceremony　　　典礼，仪式260.acceptable　　　可接受的261.eventually　　　最后262.target　　　目标263.expose　　　暴露264.absolutely　　　绝对地265.negative　　　消极的，否定的266.steady　　　稳定的267.consistently　　一贯地，一致地268.permanent　　　永久的269.professional　　职业的，专业的270.dismiss　　　解雇271.countless　　　数不尽的272.thoroughly　　　彻底地273.standard　　　标准274.tolerate　　　忍受275.memorable　　　值得纪念的276.leave for　　　离开去到277.adapt　　　适应，改编278.somehow　　　不知怎么地279.somewhat　　　稍微，有点280.acquire　　　获得281.occupy　　　占据282.accompany　　　陪伴283.urgent　　　紧急的284.technology　　　技术285.giant　　　巨大的286.invisible　　　看不见的287.evaluation　　　评估288.magnificent　　　壮丽的289.inefficient　　　效率低的290.nonsense　　　废话，荒谬的291.preserve　　　保护，保存292.career　　　事业293.profession　　　职业，专业294.exhausted　　　筋疲力尽的295.crash　　　撞碎，坠毁296.suspicious　　　怀疑的297.requirement　　　要求298.athletic　　　运动的，运动员的299.prohibit　　　禁止，阻止300.depressed　　　沮丧的，萧条的301.instruction　　　教导，说明302.slightly　　　轻微地303.meaningful　　　有意义的304.principle　　　原则305.undeserved　　　不应得的306.betray　　　背叛307.moderate　　　中等的，适度的308.evaluate　　　评价，估价309.honorable　　　值得尊敬的310.artificial　　　人造的311.concept　　　概念312.symbolize　　　象征313.promising　　　有前途的314.conflict　　　冲突315.display　　　显示，陈列316.definitely　　　明确地，肯定地317.interrupt　　　打断318.recall　　　回想起319.recite　　　背诵320.resist　　　抵制321.desperate　　　绝望的322.elegant　　　优雅的323.attempt　　　试图324.random　　　随机的325.profitable　　　有利可图的326.treasure　　　珍惜，宝藏327.poisonous　　　有毒的328.dilemma　　　窘境329.correctly　　　正确地330.system　　　系统331.complicated　　　复杂的332.application　　申请，应用程序333.simple　　　简单的334.recognize　　　认出，认可335.cruel　　　残忍的fortable　　舒服的，舒适的337.feared　　　害怕的338.replace　　　代替339.method　　　方法340.seize　　　抓住341.misunderstand　　　误解342.mistake　　　错误，弄错343.imply　　　暗示344.disease　　　疾病345.repay　　　偿还，报答346.describe　　　描述347.contract　　　合同348.promote　　　促进，提升349.sacrifice　　　牺牲350.generally　　　一般来说351.trouble　　　麻烦352.pleased　　　满意的353.certainly　　　肯定地，当然354.national　　　国家的，民族的355.cultural　　　文化的356.entrance　　　入口357.annoying　　　令人恼怒的358.polite　　　有礼貌的359.unconscious　　　无意识的360.patient　　　有耐心的361.theory　　　理论362.classification　　　分类363.smart　　　聪明的364.mature　　　成熟的365.average　　　平均366.creative　　　有创造力的367.graduate　　　毕业，毕业生368.program　　　节目369.intelligent　　　智能的，聪明的petent　　　有能力的371.independent　　　独立的372.separate　　　单独的，分开的373.voluntarily　　　自愿地374.doubt　　　怀疑375.reflection　　反射，沉思，映象376.conclusion　　　结论377.adult　　　成年人378.talented　　　有天赋的379.outstanding　　　出色的380.expression　　　表达，表情381.check　　　检查382.attend　　　参加，照料383.be aware of　　　意识到384.be fond of　　　喜欢385.be worthy of　　　值得386.expect　　　期待，预计387.decision　　　决定388.style　　　风格389.pretend　　　假装390.explain　　　解释391.cause　　　原因，事业392.perform　　　表演，执行393.probably　　　可能地394.struggle　　　挣扎，奋斗pletely　　　完全地396.wonder　　　想知道397.experience　　　经验，经历398.fail　　　失败399.develop　　　发展400.responsible　　　有责任的401.valuable　　　有价值的，贵重的402.ability　　　能力403.affect　　　影响404.destroy　　　毁坏405.confident　　　自信的406.request　　　要求407.traditional　　　传统的408.modern　　　现代的409.relationship　　　关系410.cooperation　　　合作411.distinguish　　　区分412.identify　　　鉴定，识别413.thought　　　想法，思想414.discourage　　使气馁，使沮丧415.prepare　　　准备416.observe　　　观察，遵守417.energy　　　精力418.nervous　　　紧张的419.proud　　　自豪的420.notice (无意中)注意到421. closely 密切地；仔细地；暗中422. still 静止的（地）423. post 帖子；张贴；创造（记录）424. well up 涌出；潸然泪下425. announcement (口头)通知1
话题一 求助信
一、假定你是李华，当前你在英语学习方面遇到了一些问题。于是你向你校的外籍老师Tom写一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下：
1.本人简介。2.求助内容。3.希望得到Tom的帮助。
Dear teacher,
My name is Li Hua. I’m writing a letter to you to ask for some help.
I have met much difficulty in learning English. First, I find our texts full of new words that are very difficult for me to remember. Besides, the texts are too long for me to recite. What’s more, grammar is also very difficult to learn.
Faced with so much difficulty, I have to ask you for some help. Would you like to introduce to us some good ways to learn new words so that we can remember them more easily In the meanwhile, I beg you to teach the text more slowly so that the average students can easily follow you. Also, I would like you to introduce some rules and good ways to learn grammar.
I’m sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help.
二、假定你是李华，你正在为高考紧张复习，但最近你遇到了-些问题导致无法集中精力学习。于是你给你校的外籍心理老师Kate写一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下：
1.作业多，没有时间运动。2.压力大，难以入睡。3.希望得到Kate的帮助。注意: 1. 词数100左右。
Dear Kate,
I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student. Recently, I’ve been busy preparing for my College Entrance Exam, but unfortunately I find it quite hard to concentrate on my study. So I’m writing to ask you for help.
I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to take sports. Moreover, the high expectation from the teachers and my parents makes me extremely stressful because I don’t want to let them down. What troubles me most is that it’s difficult for me to fall asleep every night.
Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help. Could you please offer me some advice on how to solve these problems
Yours sincerely,Li Hua
2
话题二 建议信
一、假定你是李华。你的笔友晓东是某学校一名高一学生。最近他来信说不知道如何学好高中英语，感到苦恼。请你给他写一封回信，提出你的建议。建议内容如下：
1.尽量用英语交流，不要怕犯错误；2.坚持每天早晚朗读英语；3. 多读英文报纸，看英文电影。
Dear Xiao Dong,
I’m sorry you are having trouble in learning English in senior high school. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you.
Firstly, why not try to communicate with others in English If you do so, you will feel confident gradually. Also, don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes. Secondly, you should keep on reading aloud English sentences every morning and evening. That way, you’ll learn many important expressions. Thirdly, it would be a good idea if you read more English newspapers and watch English movies.
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
二、假定你叫李华，你的美国朋友Jack 来信，说他寒假期间要来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下：
1.大胆自信；2.放慢语速；3.借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。
参考词汇：自信的 confident 肢体语言 body language
Dear Jack,
How is everything going I’m glad to learn that you’re going to China this winter. You say you’re worried about your Chinese if you are in China. Now let me give you some advice.
First, you should be brave and confident to speak Chinese when you communicate with others. We Chinese are very friendly, so you don’t be afraid to make any mistakes. Second, speak Chinese slowly and clearly when you talk to others. In this way, you can make yourself understood easily. Finally, you can use pictures or drawings and body language. As you know, most of body language is in common in the world. I hope these suggestions will help you.
Best wishesYours, Li Hua
3
话题三 感谢信
一、假定你是李华，你们学校和一所美国中学签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里，你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据下列写作要点和要求给Sue写封电子邮件。
1.对她表达感谢之意。2.介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情。3.希望了解她的近况。
Dear Sure,
I’m Li Hua, one of your students in China. It’s almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us.
We are busy as usual. We had an English speech contest the other day. I won the first prize! This again reminds me of all your kind help. Do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school Yesterday, we went there and watered them. The tree you planted yourself is growing well, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood. Will you come back to see it
How is everything with you lately We hope to know more about you and your American students. Hope to keep in close touch.
All the best.Yours, Li Hua
二、假定你是李华，你被自己心仪的大学录取了。请你给你的外教Mrs. Wilson写封感谢信，感谢在校期间她对你的教导和帮助，内容包括：
1.对老师的辛勤教学工作表示感谢；2.感谢在校期间老师对自己的教导；3.表达对老师的想念以及衷心祝愿。
Dear Mrs. Wilson,
I’m glad to write to share with you my happiness of being admitted to college, which I have been dreaming of. Firstly, I’d like to express my gratitude for your excellent teaching and your care as well as love for me! Thank you for your encouraging words, which never fail to brighten my way ahead. It’s you who cheered me up. Never will I forget what you said-- doors open to the very man with full confidence and instant action. Without your help, I could never have enjoyed such a joyful harvest. And I really appreciate your instruction.
I wish more and more of your students could go to their ideal colleges. Are you still too busy How I miss you, my beloved teacher! Wish you all the best.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua
4
话题四 告知信
一、假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；2.内容：学习唐诗；3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
Dear Leslie,
How are you Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and I’m writing to tell you something about our next lesson.
The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang Poetry. You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class.
If there is anything that I can help you, please don’t hesitate to tell me.
Looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua
二、假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1.到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3.餐桌礼仪。
Dear Terry,
How are you doing In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.
Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.
Best wishes!
5
话题五 申请信
一、假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括：1.自我介绍(包括英语能力)；2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家)；3. 希望获准。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and I'd like to take part in it. I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English. What is more, I'lI be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
Looking forward to your reply!
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I’ve learned on the Internet that your summer camp, which is going to be held in Singapore, is round the corner. I am really interested in it.
I, who am active and enjoy various activities, hope to take part in it very much. I know the ability of communication is of great importance and I can speak English quite fluently. In addition, in your camp, there are so many students from different countries. Therefore, I can communicate with the students from different parts of the world. Not only can I introduce China to them, but I can know more about their countries as well.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Regards, Li Hua
6
话题六 通知
一、你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则英文通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
.短片内容：学校的发展；2.放映时间、地点; 3.欢迎对短片提出意见。
Notice
In order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2:30 to 4:00in the afternoon on June 9th. It is organized by the Student Union. Here are some relevant details about it.
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. As we all expect, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. What’s more, everyone of you will be welcome to take part (participate) in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments./ Everyone is welcome to participate in it.
The Student UnionJune 8, 2019
二、假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。时间：下周五6：00—8：00 地点：教学楼101室
内容：1.唱中国歌 ；2.比赛用筷子；3.学习包饺子。
Good afternoon, everyone. May I have your attention, please
I’m the chairman of the Students’ Union. As the New Year is around the corner（即将到来）, we are going to hold a New Year party for you, which is intended to enable you to have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
During the party, not only can you sing a Chinese song, but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks. What’s more, you’ll learn at the party how to make dumplings. Sounds great, doesn’t it The party is scheduled（计划于） in Room 101of the Teaching Building from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. next Friday.
Please make sure you won’t miss it. Thank you for your attention.
7
话题七 邀请信
一、假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀她一同前往，
内容包括：1.出发及返回时间；2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。
I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
It's the day for the elderly in our culture. We'll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly there. We'll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which I hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
If you are able to come with us, please let me know and we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. Looking forward to your reply.
二、假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。
信的内容包括：1.主题：环境保护；2.展览时间；3.投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@.
Dear Peter,
How are you getting along I'm writing to invite you to join in the International Students' Photography Show held by the photography club of our school.
As your best friend, I know you are skilled at taking photos. Now the International Students Photography Show is a chance for you to display your talent., The theme is environmental protection, aiming to call on more people to do what they can to protect the environment. The show will last from 8 June to 12 June,
If you want to join in the activity , please send your photos to intIphotoshow@ before May 31. Don't hesitate to ask me for help if you have any questions.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,Li Hua
8
话题八 道歉信
一、假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bob,
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
Shall we go on Saturday morning We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books. If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.
9
话题九 新闻报道
5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果.打扫.聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100-120个词的新闻报道。1.时间.地点.任务.活动；2.老人们的反应；3.简短评论。　
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
On May Day, Student Volunteers from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, they were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
Student Volunteers were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper
10
话题十 咨询信
一、假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。参考词汇：住宿 accommodation
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I've seen your ad，and I'd like to know something more about your six-week English course. First，when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation isincluded.Would there be host families or university dormitories
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.
As a student of Oxford University, I’d like to know if you have special price for students. As for the money you charge(索要), does it include the entrance fees for visiting the places What about lunch Is it included Or do I need to bring my own food
How long will the tour last Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, I’d like to know the time to return. Besides, is there any time for travelling I really want to have a look at the places of interest in London.
11
话题十一 演讲稿
假如你是高三学生李华，请写一篇演讲稿，准备代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下：1.毕业的心情；2.高中三年的收获；3.感谢和决心。
Good morning, everyone.
I’m Li Hua. It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech. It has been three years since I started my high school. At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in university. During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge.
Before leaving, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. It was they who patiently answered our endless questions. Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates. Without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties. Now I’ve been determined to lead a more meaningful life in university and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents.
Thank you for your listening.1. 充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, becrowded with
2. 区分 distinguish/tell A from B
3. 亲自 personally, in person
4. 只有 only, nobody/nothing but
5. 出版 come out, be published
6. 尤其 particularly, in particular
7. 锻炼 exercise, work out
8. 谋生 make/earn a living
9. 代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of
10. 结合 combine, mix sth up
11. 前进 advance, move forward
12. 舒适 comfortable, at ease
13. 十年 decade, ten years
14. 两周 fortnight, two weeks
15. 二十 score, twenty
16. 十二 dozen, twelve
17. 成人 adult, grown-up
18. 删除 delete, cut out
19. 下降，减少decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce
20. 移走 remove, take away
21. 吸收 absorb, take in
22. 与...一致 agree /be consistent /correspond with
23. 把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
24. 用...替换 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative to. . .
25. 回答 answer, reply to
26. 收割 harvest, gather,get in
27. 抵制boycott, refuse to accept, resist,reject
28. 与...相反/对立contradict, be opposite to
29. 代替 replace, take the place of
30. 背诵 recite, learn. . .by heart
31. 害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of
32. 退（学） quit, drop out of (school)
33. 推迟 delay, postpone, put off
34. 去拿来 fetch, go and bring back
35. 相匹配 match, go with
36. 精力充沛 energetic, full of energy
37. 少数a minority of, a small number of
38. 打扰cause trouble to, bother,disturb
39. 描述 describe, give a description of
40. 后来 afterwards, after that, later on
41. 缺席 be absent from, be not present at
42. 目前 nowadays, at present,at the present time
43. 宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public
44. 重要count, matter, be important, be of importance,significant,vital,crucial
45. 担心worry about, be concerned /anxious about
46. 提到 mention, refer to, talk about/of
47. 偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, bychance/accident/coincidence,casually, occasionally
48. 展览 on show/display/exhibition
49. 勇敢（去做）be brave to,have courage to
50. 违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law
51. 满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need
52. 放弃 abandon, go away from, leave,give up
53. 信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in
54. 在农村／城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas
55. 劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do
56. 取消 cancel, call off
57. 劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do取消
58. 除·······之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from
59. 制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan
60. 逃跑escape, run away
61. 开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence
62. 进入enter, come/go into
63. 防...止疾病protect. . .from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness
64. 用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up
65. 方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means
66. 情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation
67. 置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to
68. 高兴起来cheer up, become happy
69. 全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally
70. 重力gravity, the pull of the earth
71. 算出calculate, figure out
72. 与·······不同differ from, be different from, vary from. . .to. ..
73. 乱七八糟in a mess,in disorder
74. 气喘吁吁breathless,out of breath
75. 做出决定determine, decide, make a decision
76. 对······有害do harm to, be harmful to
77. 相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to
78. 低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice
79. 寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for
80. 茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused
81. 取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse
82. 提高，改善improve, make/become better
83. 庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration
84. 长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat
85. 熟悉know. . .well, be familiar with
86. 处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with
87. 到处everywhere, here and there
88. 加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
89. 值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth
90. 保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
91. 把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb
92. 一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
93. 可进入, 可接近的be accessible,be easy to enter/reach/use
94. 使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do
95. 宁做A不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B
96. 出国go abroad, go to a foreign country
97. 控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth
98. 成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth
99. 突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst outlaughing/crying
100. 不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to
101. 挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger
102. 充当；起······的作用act as, serve as
103. 榜样model, example
104. 怒视glare at, look at sth angrily
105. 平静的calm, not excited
106. 抽象的abstract, not specific
107. 积极的active, not passive
108. 残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly
109. 复杂的complicated, not simple, complex
110. 人造的artificial, man-made
111. 故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely
112. 再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again
113. 独自地alone, by oneself
114. 有危险in danger, at risk
115. 占...比例account for, make up
116. 青少年adolescent, teenager
117. 看医生go to see/consult a doctor
118. 更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better
119. 使生气annoy sb, make sb angry
120. 报道此事cover/report the event
121. 影响交通hold up/block traffic
122. 澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear
123. 可得到的be available, be easily got
124. 吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention
125. 无论如何anyhow, in any way
126. 在·······后面behind, at the back of
127. 无论什么whatever, no matter what
128. 使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy
129. 雇用某人employ/hire sb,take sb on
130. 受欢迎的be popular with, be well received (by...)
131. 得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion
132. 弄明白figure out, find out
133. 试验try out, test, experiment (on /with)
134. 反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of
135. 认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that
136. 做报告give a presentation /talk/speech
137. 辍学，退学drop out of/leave school
138. 优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than
139. 对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb
140. 有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth
141. 对·····全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about
142. 告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth
143. 致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to
144. 旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth
145. 老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly
146. 聪明的clever, bright, wise, smart
147. 因某事感激某人thank sb for sth; be thankful to sb for sth; be grateful to sb for sth;express one’s gratitude to sb for sth;appreciate sth
148. 参加（活动／比赛）join in; take part ingo in for; participate in; get involved in; compete in
149. 吸引某人attract sb; draw sb appeal to sb; have a strong appeal to sb
150. 喜欢，爱好like; love; enjoy; be interested in; be fond of; have a bent for;have anamazing appetite for; be keen on/about; be drunk with; be crazy about; beaddicted to; be bent on
151. 有利于，有助于be good for; do good to be beneficial to;contribute to
152. 即将到来be coming soon be approaching; be around the comer
153. 记住某事remember sth keep sth in mind;bear sth in mind
154. 相信，认为be sure that....; think/believe that...; hold the firm belief that. .. ;beconvinced that. . .;have the confidence that...
155. 帮助某人help/aid/assist sb; give sb a hand; do sb a favor
156. 考虑某事think about sth; consider sth; take sth into consideration/account
157. 期望做某事expect/want to do sth; look forward to doing sth; can’t wait to do sth;desire/long to do sth
158. 全神贯注于focus on;put one’s heart into; concentrate on; be absorbed in; be devotedto
159. 影响affect; have an effect/influence/impact on
160. 拒绝refuse; reject;turn down; decline (谢绝）；say no to
161. 尊敬，尊重respect; show respect for; look up to; admire
162. 使用，利用use; employ; make use of; take advantage of; make the best of
163. 参观visit; pay a visit to; go to. . .for a visit
164. 发生happen; occur; hit /strike sp. ;take place; come about
165. 想到sb think of sth; sth occur to/strike sb; sb come up with sth
166. 建议suggest that. . . ; advise that. . .; put forward the suggestion that. . .;recommend that. . .
167. 促成；导致cause; contribute to; lead to; result in; bring about
168. 提高improve; raise; increase; promote; strengthen
169. 把时间用于spend time (in) doing sth/on sth ; devote all one’s time to doing sth
170. 向某人道歉apologize to sb; say sorry to sb; make an apology to sb
171. 决心做某事decide to do sth; determine/be determined to do sth; make up one's mind todo sth
172. 位于be in; lie in. . .; be located in; be situated in. . .
173. 知道，意识到know; realize; be aware of/that; be conscious of; come to realize
174. 同意某人的观点agree with sb; share the same idea with sb
175. 重视，关注value; pay attention to; take sth seriously; attach great importance to;laystress on
176. 试图做某事. 尽力做某事try to do sth; try one's best to do sth;attempt/seek to do sth; make an attempt to do sth; spare no efforts to dosth;make every effort to do sth
177. 对······满意be satisfied with; express one’s satisfaction with
178. 对某人生气be angry with sb；be annoyed with sb; be cross with sb
179. 忙于···be busy with；beoccupied with; bury oneself in
180. 由···组成be made up of; consist of; be composed of
181. 擅长做···,精通，熟悉be good at; be skilled at/in; be expert in; do wellin;have a good command/knowledge of; be familiar/acquainted with
182. 适当的，适合的be fit for; be suitable for; be appropriate for
183. 一···就... on doing; immediately, directly, instantly; the moment, the minute, thesecond, the instant; as soon as,no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when
184. 因···而著名be famous for; be well-known for; be noted for;becelebrated for
185. 习惯于（做）某事be used to (doing) sth; be accustomed to (doing) sth
186. 重要的important; essential; significant; vital; crucial; ofimportance/significance
187. 富裕的rich; wealthy; well-off; well-to-do
188. 许多的many; much; a lot of; lots of; plenty of; numerous; a large number of; alarge quantity of; a large amount of
189. 累的；精疲力竭的be tired; be worn out; be exhausted
190. 有时sometimes;once in a while; occasionally; at times; now and then; from timeto time
191. 立即；马上immediately; without hesitation;without delay
192. 事实上in fact; in reality; as a matter of fact;in practice;in effect
193. 越来越多的more and more; an increasing/a growing number of
194. 取得，赢得get; win; gain; obtain; attain; acquire; earn
195. 实现（目标）realize; reach; accomplish; achieve; attain
196. 赞成，同意agree with; approve of; be in favor of; stand by one's side
197. 当前, 目前now; nowadays; at present;presently; at the presenttime
198. 缺点，不利条件shortcoming; weak point;weakness; disadvantage; drawback
199. 成功，成就success; accomplishment; achievement
200. 除···之外（，还）besides; apart from; in addition to; along with
201. 优秀的good; excellent; outstanding; distinguished
202. 需要need; call for; require; demand; be in need of
203. 与···相联系 be related to; be relevant to; be linked to; beconnected with
204. 因为because of;on account of; due to; owing to; thanks to; for the reason that
205. 表达express; convey
206. 养成；培养develop; train; foster; cultivate
207. 指望depend on; rely on; count on
208. 应该should; be supposed to
209. 富于be rich in; be abundant in
210. 厌倦 be tired of; be bored with; be fed up with
211. 普通的ordinary; common; average
212. 严重的serious; severe
213. 各种 all/different kinds/types of; a variety of; varieties of; a (wide) rangeof
214. 最后finally; eventually
215. 期间during; in the course of
216. 评价judge; evaluate; convince
217. 说服persuade
218. 理解understand; comprehend
219. 足够的enough; adequate; ample
220. 忍受bear; stand; put up with;tolerate
221. 弥补make up for; compensate for
222. 挑选choose; select; pick out
223. 总计add up to; amount to
224. 照顾 look after ;take care of; tend; attend
225. 面对；面临face; be faced/confronted with
226. 走（30英里路程）walk/travel (30 miles); cover (30 miles)
227. 有益的good; helpful；beneficial; rewarding
228. 大多数most; the majority of
229. 非常very; greatly; extremely;badly
230. 突然suddenly; all of a sudden
231. 聪明的clever; bright; intelligent; brilliant
232. 显然obvious; apparent
233. 捐赠give...away; donate; contribute
234. 激增increase rapidly; multiply; rocket
235. 一定做be sure/certain to do; be bound to do
236.漂亮的beautiful; pretty; attractive; appealing, charming百搭词组
1. 努力做某事
try one's best to do sth → spare no effort to do sth
make joint / combined efforts to do sth
共同努力做某事
go to great lengths to do sth
devote / commit / dedicate oneself to doing sth
2. 尝试做某事
try to do sth → attempt to do sth = make an attempt to do sth
have a go at doing sth
3. 采取有效 / 立即 / 具体 / 相关 / 强有力的行动(措施)做某事
take effective / immediate / concrete / relevant / forceful action / measures / steps to do sth
被动也不错：
Immediate measures should be taken to address the problem.
Measures should be taken to address the problem without delay.
4. 某事很重要
play an important / vital / essential role (in sth)
be of vital importance to sb / sth
类似 be of great value / benefit to sb / sth
双重否定表强调：Nothing is of more importance than sth.
5. 重视某事
attach (much) importance / significance to sth
lay emphasis / stress on sth
stress the importance of sth
双重否定：We can never lay too much emphasis on sth
6.（不能）忽视某事
turn a blind eye to sth; turn a deaf ear to sth
By no means should we ignore / neglect / overlook the importance of sth
7. 倾向于做某事
tend to do sth → have a tendency to do sth
There is a tendency for sb to do sth
8. 可能做某事；某事可能发生
be likely to do sth
It is likely that sb / sth will do sth.
There is a high possibility that… = Chances are that…
9. 一定会做某事，某事一定会发生
be bound / sure to do sth
10. 不得不做某事
have no choice / alternative but to do sth = can't choose but do sth
11. 将某事考虑进去
take sth into consideration / account
take it into consideration / account that 从句
12. 将某事牢记在心
keep sth in mind / keep it in mind that 从句
13. 认为某事理所当然
take sth for granted / take it for granted that 从句
14. 产生积极 / 消极 / 深远影响 / 副作用
have positive / negative / far-reaching / side effects on sth
do / cause (great) harm / damage to sth
15. 有做某事的权利 / 自由 / 机会 / 动力 / 渴望 / 魔力
have the right / freedom / opportunity / motivation / desire / magic to do sth
16. 做某事有困难
have (great) trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth
17. 给某人树立榜样
set a good example to sb
act / serve as a role model to sb
18. 向某人学习，效仿某人
follow the example of sb
follow in the footsteps of sb
19. 呼吁某人做某事
call on sb to do sth
appeal to sb to do sth = make an appeal to sb to do sth
20. 提高某人对某事的意识
raise one's awareness of sth = make sb aware of sth
make sb have a better understanding of sth
21. 做某事前三思
think twice before doing sth
22. 设身处地为某人着想
put oneself in sb's shoes
23. 从另一个角度看待某事
see sth from another angle / a different angle
24. 某事使某人想起
sth remind sb of sth
25. 某事使人深思
sth set sb thinking
26. 在一定 / 很大程度上
to a certain / a large degree / extent
27. 短 / 长期看来
in / over the short / long term
28. 变得越来越流行
become more and more popular → become increasingly popular = gain increasing popularity
sth has become a hit
已经变成风靡一时的流行 / 成功
29. 问题变得日益严重
The problem is becoming increasingly serious → sth is becoming more of a problem
sth has become a headache
成为令人头疼的问题
30. 随着某物的发展
with the rapid development of the Internet / people's living standards
as the internet is developing at a fast rate
31. 在一个信息爆炸的世界
in a world of information explosion
in the era of globalization
在全球化时代
32. 发自内心地
from the bottom of one's heart
33. 全心全意地
wholeheartedly = heart and soul
34. 毫无疑问 / 毫不犹豫 / 毫不耽搁 / 毫无保留地
without doubt / hesitation / delay / reservation
35. 不管是什么情况 / 理由
whatever the situation / circumstances / reason
regardless of any possible difficulties 不顾任何困难
36. 关于个人发展
broaden one's horizons and expand one's scope of knowledge
开阔视野，拓展知识面
boost one's confidence and inspire one's motivation
增强信心，激发动力
enhance one's willpower and contribute to one's future success
增加意志力，促进未来成功
form correct values and morals
形成正确的价值观与道德观
37. 关于该做什么
overcome difficulties and conquer obstacles / challenges
克服困难，征服阻碍 / 挑战
resist the temptation and stick to our principles
抵制诱惑，坚持原则
share our sorrows and double our joys
分担悲伤，分享喜悦
drive away our loneliness and get rid of our tiredness
驱走孤独，摆脱劳累
cherish what we already possess and pursue what we truly need
珍惜我们已经拥有的，追求我们真正需要的
reflect on our mistakes and give thought to ways to correct them
反思错误，思考改正方法
百搭句型
1丨定语从句，尤其是非限制定语从句
e.g. Without goals, we would be like ships with no destination, in which case we might end up getting nowhere.
2丨强调句
e.g. It is our heart-warming gestures towards people in need that can make a difference to the world we live in.
3丨倒装句5大类型
1） 否定放句首倒装Not only should we …，but also we ought to do … 表“既要做，又要做”，“既可以，又可以”
Under no circumstances / By no means / On no account / In no caseshould we … 我们绝不能...
2） Only + 状语放句首倒装Only in this way / by doing sth / when … can we…
3） So / Such 放句首倒装，表“如此…以至于…”e.g. So shameful are these behaviors that they stain the reputation of China.
Such a meaningful event is the street store program that I am willing to participate in it.
4） 让步状从的倒装，表“尽管”e.g. Convenient as / though digital reading is, it will not replace traditional reading in a million years.
5） if虚拟语气从句中的倒装e.g. Were I a participant of this event, I would appeal to my friends to get involved in it.
4丨祈使句，+and / or +完整句子
e.g. Smile at our life, and we are sure to get a smile in return.
05丨固定句型
1) There is no doubt that … 毫无疑问的是
2) There is no denying that… 不容否认的是
3) There is no need to do sth 做某事没有必要
4) There is no point / sense in doing sth 做某事没有意义
5) It doesn’t make (much) sense to do sth 做某事没道理 / 意义
6) It is no good/use doing sth 做某事没好处/没用
7) It is high / about time that sb did / should do sth 是时候做某事了
8) It is high on the agenda that sb should do sth 做某事是当务之急
9) The time is ripe for sb to do sth 做某事的时机已经成熟了
10) It goes without saying that … 某事是不言而喻的
11) It is likely that … = There is a high possibility that… = (The) chances are that … 很有可能
12) It is not uncommon for sb to do sth; It is not uncommon that sb do sth 某事很常见
13) It is a must for sb to do sth 做某事是必须的
14) What impresses me most is that …使我印象最深刻的是…
15) It is not A but B that really counts. 不是A而是B才是真正重要的
16) It is A rather than B that make a difference. 产生影响、发挥作用的不是A而是B
17) It is important / necessary for sb either to do A or do B 某人要么做..要么做..是很重要/必要(等)的
18) This is especially true when it comes to … 当提到 … 这一点也很适用
19) (Doing) sth is the key to doing sth (做)某事是…的关键，很重要
20) Doing sth is also a good choice / a wise option. …也是一个不错的选择 / 英明的抉择
5丨主题句、承上启下句
1) When it comes to ..., I hold the view that … 当提到…，我认为…
2) I applaud / am in favor of / stand up for / can’t agree more with one's viewpoint that … 我赞同某人…的观点
3) Every coin has two sides, and sth is no exception. 凡事有利有弊，…也不例外
4) Just like a double-edged sword, sth has both advantages and disadvantages. 就像一把双刃剑，…既有利也有弊
5) The reasons why … can be listed as follows. 某事的原因可以罗列如下
6) There are many factors that can account for sth 有很多因素可以解释某事
6丨有文采的词句表达 (恰当的习 / 谚语，常用的比喻等）
1) sb / sth has become a household name 家喻户晓
2) a blessing in disguise 伪装成坏事的好事，祸中有福
3) stop eating for fear of chocking因噎废食
4) look on the bright side (of sth) (对坏情况)，看到光明的一面，持乐观态度
5) Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗中总有一线光明，困境中也有积极面
6) a stepping stone towards success 通向成功的垫脚石
7) climb the ladder of success 攀登成功的阶梯
8) keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life 使神圣的友谊之灯长明
9) Where others see failure, they see possibility. Where others see a closed door they see an open window.
10) When one door of opportunity closes, another will open.
11) Every failure is a stepping stone towards success, and we keep learning along the way.
12) A proper goal is like a lighthouse, guiding us in the darkness towards the right direction.
13) We can find in real books the peace which has almost disappeared in a chaotic and fast-paced world.
14) Life is like a winding path surrounded by flowers, butterflies and delicious fruits, but many of us blindly spend much time looking for happiness around the next corner.一、开头常用句子
1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer...
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人持……的观点，而另外一些人则更喜欢……
【例句】Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city.
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇，而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。
2.When asked about..., the vast majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But...当被问及……时，多数/大多数/许多人认为/回答……但是……
【例句】When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice.
当被问及在选择居住地方时，多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。
3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe...当提及……时，有人认为……
【例句】When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one.
当提到运动时，有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。
4.It has become apparent to us that...
对我们来说，……已经变得很明显了
【例句】It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable.
对我们来说，住在小城镇更加舒服。
5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that...
如今，人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑……
【例句】Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable.
如今，人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利，但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。
6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着……的快速增长，……日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
【例句】With the rapid growth of hi-tech skills, cellphone has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着高科技的快速增长，手机在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
7.Recently the issue/ problem of...has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention/ in the limelight/ posed among the
public.
近来，……的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
【例句】Recently the issue of studying abroad has been brought into focus.
近来，出过留学的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
8.One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is...
人们热烈讨论的话题之一就是……
【例句】One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is going abroad for study.
人们热烈讨论的话题之一就是出国留学。
二、中间常用句子
1.Apart from this, other ways/ aspects/functions are...
除此之外，另外一些方法/方面/作业是……
【例句】Besides, other ways are also under considered.
除此之外，其他方法也在考虑中。
2.The last but not the least is...
最后但并非不重要的是……
【例句】The last but not the least is that we should get up early.
最后但并非不重要的是我们要早起。
3.On the one hand,...,on the other hand,...
一方面……，另一方面……
【例句】On the one hand, we need to be helpful; on the other hand, we should be on the alert to protect ourselves.
一方面我们要乐于助人，另一方面我们要提高警惕保护自己。
4.No less important/ harmful is...
同样重要/有害的是……
【例句】No less important is saving water.
节约用水也是同样重要的。
5.But, you may ask, why is...important/ indispensable/ necessary
但你也许会问，为什么……很重要/必不可少/有必要？
【例句】But, you may ask, why is water important
但你也许会问，为什么水很重要？
6.Nothing/ Few things can approach/ equal/ match/ parallel...
没有什么能与……相比。
【例句】Nothing can approach my study.
没有什么能与我的学习相比。
7.Despite the fact that most of them like..., I would like to choose...尽管大部分人喜欢……，我还是倾向于……
【例句】Despite the fact that most of them like swimming, I would like to choose running.
尽管大部分人喜欢游泳，我还是倾向于跑步。
8.People differ greatly on their attitudes towards this problem. Some maintain that... Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that... Personally, I stand on the side of...
人们对于这个问题的态度差异很大。有人坚持认为……与此相反，有人认为……就我个人而言，我站在……这一边。
【例句】People differ greatly on their attitudes towards this problem. Some maintain that living in the big city is better. Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that living in the small country is better. Personally, I stand on the side of the latter.
人们对于这个问题的态度差异很大。有人坚持认为居住在大城市比较好。与此相反，有人认为小城镇比较好。就我个人而言，我站在后者这一边。
9.To understand the truth of..., it is necessary to analyze...
为了了解……的真相，有必要分析……
【例句】To understand the truth of air pollution, it is necessary to analyze automobile exhaust.
为了了解大气污染的真相，有必要对汽车尾气进行分析。
10.Different people have different opinions/ views/ ideas about... Some people take it for granted that... On the contrary, some other people think...
对于……的观点因人而异。有人想当然的认为……相反，有人则认为……
【例句】Different people have different opinion about choosing living place. Some people take it for granted that big city is better. On the contrary, some other people think small town is the perfect choice.
对于居住地的选择因人而异。有人想当然的认为大城市更好。相反，有人则认为小城镇是最好的选择。
11.We have been brought up believe that... Yet...
我们从小到大都相信这种说法……然而……
【例句】We have been brought up believe that study is the most important thing. Yet playing is also very important.
我们从小到大都相信学习是最重要的这种说法。然而玩耍也是很重要的。
12.Given the fact that..., it by no means indicates that...
尽管……是事实，但是并不意味着……
【例句】Given the fact that book is important, it by no means indicates that it is everything.
尽管书籍很重要是事实，但是并不意味着书就是一切。
13.Some reasons can explain this trend. First of all,... Secondly..., Furthermore,...
一些原因可以解释这一趋势。首先，……；其次，……；另外，……
【例句】Some reasons can explain this trend. First of all, air pollution is more and more common. Secondly, water is also polluted. Furthermore, animals are in danger.
一些原因可以解释这一趋势。首先，大气污染越来越严重；其次，水资源也被污染了；另外很多动物也濒临灭绝。
14.Thanks to/ Owing to/ Due to/ Because of/ As a result of…
因为……
【例句】Thanks to my mom, I become an excellent person.
因为我妈妈，我成为了一个优秀的人。
15.There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I consider the following as the typical ones. To begin with,... Secondly,... Last but not least,...
有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而已，我认为以下原因比较典型。一个是……；第二个是……；最后，……
【例句】There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I consider the following as the typical ones. To begin with, air pollution. Secondly, water pollution. Last but not least, ocean pollution.
有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而已，我认为以下原因比较典型。一个是大气污染；第二个是水污染；最后是海洋污染。
16.No one can deny the fact that...
没有人可以否认……的事实。
【例句】No one can deny the fact that we are brothers.
没有人可以否认我们是兄弟的事实。
17.Legend/ Rumor has it that...据说……
【例句】Rumor has it that they have got married.
据说他们已经结婚了。
18.People are coming to realize the importance of... They have begun to try their best to... We believe that...
人们开始意识到……的重要性，正竭力……。我们相信……
【例句】People are coming to realize the importance of science. They have begun to try their best to work on science. We believe that science will make our life better.
人们开始意识到科学的重要性，正竭力钻研科学。我们相信科学会使我们的生活更美好。
19.Anyway...不管怎么样……
【例句】Anyway, we are brothers.不管怎么样，我们都是兄弟。
三、结尾常用句子
1.From above...综上所述……
【例句】From above, I think living in a big city is better.
综上所述，我认为居住在大城市是更好的。
2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...
因此，不难得出以下结论……
【例句】Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that living in a big city is better.
因此，不难得出居住在大城市更好的结论。
3.In a word, the whole society should pay close to the problem of... Only in this way can...in the future.
总之，全社会都应该密切关注……，只有这样将来才能……
【例句】In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of protecting the environment. Only in this way can we have a good place to live in the future.
总之，全社会都应该密切关注环境保护问题，只有这样将来我们才能有一个生存的好地方。
4.To be sure, there may be difficulties we cannot overcome, but if we...
确实，有些困难我们无法克服，但如果我们能够……的话，……。
【例句】To be sure, there may be difficulties we cannot overcome, but if we work hard, we can figure out another way to solve the problem.
确实，有些困难我们无法克服，但如果我们能够努力的话，我们就可以找到解决问题的另一种方法。
5.Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that...
考虑到所有因素，我们得出结论，……
【例句】Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that study hard is good to us.
考虑到所有因素，我们得出结论好好学习对我们是有好处的。
6.In summary/ conclusion/ a word,...总之……
【例句】In summary, we should study hard.总之，我们要好好学习。
7.As mentioned above,...综上所述……
【例句】As mentioned above, living in the small town is more comfortable.综上所述，居住在小城镇更加的舒适。
8.Therefore, we have no reason to make a fuss about. All in all,...所以我们没有理由为……大惊小怪。总之，……
【例句】Therefore, we have no reason to make a fuss about artificial intelligence. All in all, artificial intelligence will be more and more common in the future.所以我们没有理由为人工智能大惊小怪。总之，未来人工智能会越来越普遍。
四、加分谚语
1. A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.
说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
2. A good medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口。
3. Doing is better than saying.
与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。
4. Eat to live, but not live to eat.
人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。
5. Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
自己的命运自己掌握。
6. Every minute counts.
分秒必争。
7. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。
8. Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
9. One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬之千里。
10. Rome was not built in a day.
伟业非一日之功。
11.First things first.
凡事有轻重缓急。
12. Action speaks louder than words.
行动胜过语言。
13. A word spoken is past recalling.
一言既出，驷马难追。
14. Kill two birds with one stone.
一箭双雕。
15. Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
16. Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
17. Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。
18. Unpolished pearls never shine.
玉不琢，不成器。
19. A young idler, an old beggar.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
20. Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
天才就是努力和勤奋。
21. The value of a man should be seen in what he gives and not in what he is able to receive.
一个人的价值应该在于他贡献什么，而不是他能获得什么。
22. The best preparation for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.
为把明天的工作坐好，最好的准备是把今天的工作坐好。
23. The house of everyone is to him as his castle and fortress.
家是一个人的城堡。
24. Good health is over wealth.
健康是最大的财富。
25. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起身体好。
26. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事只怕有心人。
27. Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.
近朱者赤近墨者黑。
28. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑长一智。
五、高级词汇
1. 经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy
2. 人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement / steady growth of people’s living standard
3. 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4. 面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5. 人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed / recognized that…
6. 社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development
7. 引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern / draw public attention
8. 不可否认It is undeniable that… / There is no denying that…
9. 热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion / debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11. 完全不同的观点a totally different argument
12. 一些人……而另外一些人……Some people…while others…
13. 就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am concerned / Personally,
14. 就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…
15. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons
16. 双方的论点 argument on both sides
17. 发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…
18. 对……必不可少be indispensable to…
19. 正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20. ……也不例外… be no exception
21. 对……产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive / negative effects on…
22. 利远远大于弊the advantages far out weigh the disadvantages
23. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in
24. 复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon
25. 责任感/成就感sense of responsibility / sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon / broaden one’s vision
28. 学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29. 经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden
30. 考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account / consideration
31. 从另一个角度from another perspective
32. 做出共同努力make joint efforts
33. 对……有益be beneficial / conducive to…
34. 为社会做贡献make contributions to the society
35. 打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36. 综合素质 comprehensive quality
37. 无可非议blameless / beyond reproach
38. 取得很大（快）进步 come a long way / make rapid progress
39. 致力于/投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41. 不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求satisfy / meet the needs of…
43. 可靠的信息源a reliable source of information
44. 宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45. 因特网the Internet(一定要有冠词，字母I大写)
46. 方便快捷convenient and efficient
47. 在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life
48. 环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49. 社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress
50. 科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51. 对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue
52. 支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former /latter opinion
53. 有/提供如下理由/证据have / provide the following reasons / evidence
54. 在一定程度上to some extent / degree / in some way
55. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice
56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…
57. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition
58. 眼前利益immediate interest / short-term interest
59. 长远利益interest in the long run
60. ……有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits / advantages and disadvantages
61. 扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62. 取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.
63. 对……有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to
64. 交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas / emotions / information
65. 跟上……的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with / keep abreast with the latest development of…
66. 采取有效措施来……take effective measures to do sth
67. ……的健康发展the healthy development of…
68. 有利有弊Every coin has its two sides./No garden without weeds.
69. 对……观点因人而异views on…vary from person to person
70. 重视……attach great importance to…
71. 社会地位social status
72. 把时间和精力放在……上focus time and energy on…
73. 扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge
74. 身心两方面both physically and mentally
75. 有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…
76. 提出折中提议set forth acompromise proposal
77. 可以取代“think”的词:believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief that
78. 缓解压力/减轻负担relieve stress / burden
79. 优先考虑/发展……give (top) priority to sth
80. 与……比较compared with…/ in comparison with
81. 相反in contrast / on the contrary
82. 代替replace / substitute / take the place of
83. 经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis cannot hold water
84. 提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86. 毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87. 增进相互了解enhance / promote mutual understanding
88. 充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of1. This time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.这次我要向你介绍唐诗，它对学习汉语有很大帮助。
【核心短语】introduce sb / sth to sb 向某人介绍某人/某事物(be) of help 有帮助的
2. In class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese.课堂上，你将主要学习唐诗，唐诗反应了中国的传统文化，并且深受中国人的喜爱。
【核心短语】is deeply loved by 深受……喜爱
3. You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class.上课之前，你最好准备充分并且对唐朝历史有一个简单的了解，这会使你上起课来更容易。
【核心短语】make full preparations 准备充分have a brief understanding of... 对……有简单的了解
4. Not only will our club's works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist of this field.不仅我们俱乐部的作品将会被展示，而且我们也会让这个领域的著名艺术家创作一套有价值的剪纸。
【核心短语】not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
5. Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture.而且，将会有许多有用而有趣的活动，从中你可以对中国文化有一个更清晰的认识。
6. Thank you in advance. 先行致谢。
【核心短语】in advance (of... ) 提前 (于……)；预先 (于……)
7. Thank you for your concern.谢谢你的关心。
8. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学前来参加。
9. I sincerely hope you could join us.我真诚地希望你能加入我们。
10. I would appreciate it if you could take my proposal into consideration.如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。
【核心短语】I'd appreciate it if … 如果……我将不胜感激
take sth into consideration 考虑到某事；顾及某事
11. We would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.如果您能尽早回复，我们将不胜感激。
【核心短语】at your earliest convenience [书信用语] 尽早；尽快
12. Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and I’m writing to tell you something about our next lesson.很高兴看到你在汉语学习方面的进步。写信的时候，我会告诉你关于下次课的一些事情。
【核心短语】have made some progress in... 在……方面取得了进步
13. The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502.下周二下午3点到5点在502教室上课。
14. If there is anything that I can help you, please don't hesitate to tell me.如果有什么需要我帮忙的，请尽管告诉我。
15. Now I'm glad to tell you there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.现在，我很高兴地告诉你，我们学校将会举办一场中国剪纸展览。
16. I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这场艺术盛宴。
17. I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation.如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激。
18. I'm sure it can leave a wonderful impression on you!我确定它能给你留下深刻印象。
【核心短语】leave a wonderful impression on 给……留下美好的印象
19. Occasionally learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills.偶然间了解到你对乒乓球很着迷，我写信是诚挚地邀请你参加我们学校的乒乓球队，这个球队旨在开发我们的兴趣和培养我们的技能。
【核心短语】be addicted to 对……入迷
20. If you are interested in what I have stated above, sign upon our school website before September 1st.如果你对我以上的陈述感兴趣，请在9月1号前在我们学校的网站上报名吧。
【核心短语】sign up 报名
21. I'm looking forward to your early reply.期待您早日回复。
22. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.任何感兴趣的学生都可以来参加。
23. If you want to join, you can send your photos to photoshow@gm..如果您想加入，可以将照片发送至photoshow@gm.。
24. I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity.我相信大家都会从这个活动中获益良多。
【核心短语】benefit from sth 受益于某事物
25. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.我希望能成为你们夏令营中的一员。
【核心短语】accept sb as... 接纳某人成为……
26. Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.户外活动确实对我增强体质和丰富学校生活有益。
【核心短语】be helpful in doing sth 对做某事有帮助
27. As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
28. On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.我代表我校，向您表示热烈的欢迎。
【核心短语】on behalf of 代表express welcome to sb 对某人表示欢迎
29. We should take an active part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.我们应该经常积极参加体育运动和户外活动。
【核心短语】take an active part in 积极参与
30. The activity got us close to nature and gave us relaxation from heavy school work.这次活动让我们走近了大自然，使我们从繁重的课业中解脱出来。
【核心短语】get close to 接近
31. As time went by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life.随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
【核心短语】go by 流逝adapt oneself to sth 使自己适应某事物
32. The table-tennis team of our school is admitting new players.我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员。
33. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.我阅读了你们在网上发布的夏令营布告，对此很感兴趣。
【核心短语】be interested in 对……感兴趣
34. I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.我一直不断练习，直至我有足够的信心向优秀选手挑战。
35. Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge, after-class activities also free me from the heavy work of study.除了强身健体和丰富知识之外，课后活动也让我从繁重的学业中解脱了出来。
【核心短语】free sb from 使某人摆脱
36. My teacher always gave me confidence every time I lost heart.每当我灰心丧气的时候我的老师总是给予我信心。
【核心短语】give sb confidence 给某人信心lose heart 灰心
37. Word came that a reading festival would be held by our school.有消息传来说我校将要举办一个阅读节。
【核心短语】word came that … 有消息传来……
38. The table-tennis team will hold a range of activities, including some training and matches.乒乓球队将举办一系列的活动，包括一些训练和比赛。
【核心短语】a (wide) range of 一系列的 / 各式各样的
39. Li Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class.李月因她为我们班做的贡献，被授予“每周学生之星”的称号。
【核心短语】award sb sth 授予某人某事物
40. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.经过激烈的讨论，我们同意制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。
41. The students and teachers shared a great time.学生和老师们共度了一段美好的时光。
42. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.因此，应该制定规则并严格遵守。
43. Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.我们班提出了更好地利用废旧材料的想法。
【核心短语】come up with the idea 提出想法
44. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.我们做的如此好，以至于被邀请和学校所有学生分享我们的想法和经历。
【核心短语】share...with... 和……分享……
45. In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources.总之，全世界的人都应当保护水资源。
【核心短语】in conclusion 总之
46. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
【核心短语】spare no effort 不遗余力
47. Last but not least, we should make good use of water in our daily life.最后但同样重要的是，我们日常生活中应该合理用水。
【核心短语】last but not least 最后但同样重要的是make (good) use of （合理）利用
48. As far as I'm concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution to air pollution.就我个人而言，骑自行车是一个解决空气污染的好办法。
【核心短语】as far as … is concerned 就……而言；关于
49. Littering makes our school dirty, and does harm to the image of our school.乱扔垃圾使我们的学校又脏又乱，并且有损学校的形象。
【核心短语】do harm to... 对……有害
50. Immediate actions should be taken to better the environment.应当立即采取行动来改善环境。
【核心短语】take immediate actions 立即采取行动
51. Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.在线投票越来越盛行，很多比赛都让人们参与进来投票。
【核心短语】increasingly popular 越来越流行be / get involved (in / with) 参与
52. Chinese knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.中国结象征友谊、爱情和好运。
【核心短语】stand for 象征
53. With their help, I have made great progress.在他们的帮助下，我取得了很大的进步。
【核心短语】with sb's help 在某人的帮助下make progress 取得进步
54. He inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.他鼓励我在大学主修英语，成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。
【核心短语】inspire sb to do sth 鼓励 / 激励某人做某事major in 主修
55. As a student, there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.作为一名学生，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
【核心短语】there is nothing better than... 没有比……更好的了
56. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.为实现自己的学习目标，我曾尝试过一些有效的方法。
【核心短语】used to do sth 过去常常做某事achieve one's goal 实现目标
57. I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.我英语学得很好，因此被选为英语老师的助手。
【核心短语】have a good command of 精通be elected as... 被选为……
58. Helen has set an excellent example to all of us.海伦为我们大家树立了好榜样。
【核心短语】set an example to sb 给某人树立榜样
59. My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.我同桌非常欣赏我流利的英语，他的称赞使我很受鼓舞。
60. Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily.要不遗余力地获取知识，决不轻易灰心。
【核心短语】spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事acquire knowledge 获取知识
61. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我们应该通过学习努力提升自己，并为将来作好准备。
【核心短语】take pains to do sth 努力 / 下苦功做某事get / be prepared for 为……作好准备
62. It is my / an honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.能在这里和大家分享在高中应该学什么的看法，我感到非常荣幸。
【核心短语】It is an honour to do sth 很荣幸做某事
63. I decided on science as my main subject of study. The reasons are as follows.我决定主修理科，理由如下。
【核心短语】as follows 如下
64. So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning.目前我们已经开展了各种各样的英语学习活动。
【核心短语】conduct activities 开展活动a variety / varieties of 各式各样的
65. High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science.高中生面临着选文科还是选理科的问题。
【核心短语】be faced with 面临
66. I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English.我学习英语已经10年了，能说一口流利的英语。
67. I'd like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school.我想就我校的英语教学提出一些建议。
【核心短语】make suggestions on... 对……提出建议
68. In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.我们读书除了为获取知识外，还可以得到乐趣和灵感。
【核心短语】in addition to... 除……之外（还）
69. For one thing, reading literary books help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life.首先，阅读文学书籍有助于提高我的写作技能并开阔视野。再者，还能丰富我的生活。
【核心短语】for one thing …, for another (thing) … 首先……，再者……
70. I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.我也想知道这门课我要付多少钱，是否包括住宿费。
71. I'm kind, easy-going and always ready to help others.我亲切、随和，总是乐于助人。
【核心短语】be ready to do sth 准备做某事
72. With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.在我的精心照料下，妈妈很快就康复了。
73. I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
【核心短语】be engaged in sth 忙于某事pay attention to 注意
74. I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.我容易相处并且喜欢交朋友。
【核心短语】get along with... 与……相处融洽
75. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.作为一个活跃的年轻人，我喜欢体育运动和户外活动。
76. Some of us always take it for granted (that) our parents or grandparents should take care of us.我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
【核心短语】take ... for granted (that)... 认为……理所当然
77. I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places.我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。
78. If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.如果你方便的话，我们8点半在学校门口碰面吧。
【核心短语】It is convenient (for sb) to do sth （某人）方便做某事
79. I can do my bit to help with the housework, so as to share mother's daily burden.我尽自己的一点力来帮忙做家务，以分担妈妈的日常负担。
【核心短语】do one's bit 尽自己的本分so as to 为了
80. Let me know what time suits you best.告诉我什么时间你最方便。
81. I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition.我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览。
【核心短语】join sb in doing sth 和某人一起做某事
82. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates.我学习努力，与老师同学相处融洽。
【核心短语】got along with... 与……相处融洽
83. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.我们必须学会冷静明智地处理冲突。
84. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.我设法说服了同学们接受我的想法。
【核心短语】manage to do sth 设法做某事persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
85. Good listening can show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.认真倾听可以表示尊重，增进理解，并改善人际关系。
86. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.总之，认真倾听确实能使我们拉近彼此的距离。
【核心短语】in a word 总之enable sb / sth to do sth 使某人 / 某事物做某事get close to 接近
87. Everyone in our society should help those in need.我们社会上的每个人都应该帮助那些有困难的人。
【核心短语】in need 在困难中；在困境中
88. It is greatly important to try to keep a good relationship with other classmates.努力和其他同学保持良好的关系非常重要。
【核心短语】keep a good relationship with... 与……保持良好的关系
89. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more.我们应该多沟通，而不是互相指责。
【核心短语】instead of 代替；而不是
90. It is a good opportunity for the only child like me to learn to share and work together.这是一个像我这样的独生子女学习分享和共同协作的好机会。
【核心短语】an opportunity to do sth 做某事的机会
91. I'd be more than happy to help.我非常乐意帮忙。
【核心短语】more than 非常
92. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.爬山时，我们沐浴着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。
93. With the Spring Festival drawing near, people will hold all varieties of activities.随着春节的临近，人们将举办丰富多彩的庆祝活动。
【核心短语】draw near 接近 / 靠近a variety / varieties of 各式各样的
94. Watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.看电影被视为一种很好的娱乐方式。
【核心短语】be regarded as 被认为 / 视作a means of ……的方式
95. I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.我想邀请你下周六重阳节和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。
96. We'll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.我们将和那里的老人一起包饺子、做蛋糕。
【核心短语】the elderly people 老年人
97. We'll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.我们也会一起愉快地唱歌、跳舞和玩游戏，我们希望这能使他们快乐。
98. We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
【核心短语】follow rules 遵守规则rather than 而不是
99. What's worse, some drivers do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.更糟糕的是，一些司机认为遵守交通规则并非十分重要。
【核心短语】what's worse 更糟糕的是think it vital to do sth 认为做某事至关重要
100. Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且可能危及到人们的生命。
【核心短语】not only … but also... 不仅……而且……专题一 定语从句
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词的用法
that指人或物在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which指物在从句中作主语、宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）
who指人在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom指人在从句中作宾语
whose指人或物在从句中作定语
as指人或物在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
but指人或物在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词
2. as的用法
(1) 常用于下列结构：such … as; so … as; the same … as; as … as
注意：the same … as表示同一类，不同一个；the same … that表示同一个。
(2) as与which的区别
a. 位置不同
as可放在主句后、主句前或主句中；which只能放在主句后。
b. as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case， 一般不能用which代替as。
c. 在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况
1. 先行词为all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very, right等修饰时。
3. 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5. 当先行词是数词时。
6. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
7. 如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。
8. 主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。
9. 被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。
10. 先行词为what，关系代词用that。
11. 有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
三、只用which不用that的情况
1. 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中。
3. 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
四、只用who不用that的情况
1. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone或those时。
2. there be结构中。
3. 当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。
4. 为了避免重复或引起歧义。
5. 当先行词是l, you, he, they等时（常用于谚语中）。
6. 先行词是指成员的集体名词。
7. who可以引导非限制性定语从句。
8. 先行词是拟人化的名词。
9. 先行词指特定的人时用who，不指特定的人用that。
五、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when时间状语
注意：It/This/That+be+the first/second/last time that … 只能用that，that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。
2. where地点状语
注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point, situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where。
3. why原因状语
先行词为reason。
六、介词与关系代词
1. 介词如何确定
(1) 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
(2) 依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定
(3) 根据意思来确定
(4) 为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词
2. 关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
(1) whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(2) 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
(3) 关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(4) 关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。
3. “名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级 … +of+which/whom。
七、定语从句中的主谓一致
1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
2. “one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况
1. 当先行词是way，且意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。
注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。
2. 当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
专题二 状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1. when的用法
(1) when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当……时候”。
(2) when在be about to do … when …, be doing … when …, had done … when …, be on one's way … when …, be on the point of doing … when …等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。
(3) when也可作“既然，鉴于；尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；如果”讲。
2. while的用法
(1) 表示“当……时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。
(2) 用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。
(3) 引导让步状语从句，相当于although，意为“虽然”，位于主句前。
(4) 引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。
3. as 的用法
(1) 表示“当……时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。
(2) 说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。
(3) 表示“一边……一边……”。
(4) 强调两个动作紧接着发生。
(5) 表示“虽然，尽管”。
(6) 其他含义“正如，正像”，“作为”，“由于，因为”。
4. before的用法
(1) 一般意为“在……之前”，“……才”, “……就”，“还没有……”，“免得”， “不知不觉”，“宁可，宁愿”，“否则，要不然”。
(2) It+will be/was+时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为“多长时间之后才”；在否定句中，意为“用不了多长时间就”。
5. until和till
(1) 与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。
(2) 与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才，在……之前不……”。
注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句
强调句：It is/was not until … that …
倒装句：not until放句首时，主句要部分倒装
6. since的用法
(1) since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为“做某事多久了”；since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。
(2) It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时
7. 表示“一......就...... ”的句型
(1) as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一……就……”，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
(2) on doing sth.或“on one's+名词”作时间状语。
8. 有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句
注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。
二、地点状语从句
1. 地点状语从句由where, wherever引导
注意：where与wherever的区别：where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。wherever=to/at any place where
2. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无先行词。
三、原因状语从句
引导词：because, since, as, now that, not that …, but that …, seeing that, considering that, in that
注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。
四、目的状语从句
引导词：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that (以便，为了), in case, for fear that, lest (以免，以防)
目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would等。
注意：
1. in case还可表示“万一，假如”。
2. 目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
五、结果状语从句
引导词：so ... that (如此……以至于……), such ... that (如此……以至于……), so that (结果是), with the result that (所以，结果是)
注意：
(1) so ... that与such ... that的区别
so+形容词/副词+that …
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that …
so+many/few+复数可数名词+that …
so+much/little+不可数名词+that …
such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that …
such+形容词+复数可数名词+that …
such+形容词+不可数名词+that …
such+不可数名词+that …
(2) so that引导的目的状语从句与so that引导的结果状语从句
目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词；结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。
(3) so ... that与so ... as；such ... that与such ... as
so ... that/such ... that为结果状语从句；so ... as/such ... as为定语从句。
六、条件状语从句
引导词：if ( 如 果 ) , unless ( 除 非 ) , if only (只要，但愿), only if ( 只 有 ) , in case ( 万 一 ), suppose/supposing(that) (假设), provided/providing(that) (只要，假若), on condition that (要是，在……条件下), so/as long as ( 只 要 ) , (let's/let us) say (假设)
七、方式状语从句
引导词：as (像……一样，正如……), as if/as though (好像，宛如)
注意：as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。
引导词：though/although/as (虽然，尽管), even if/though (即使，尽管), whether/no matter whether ... or (not) (不管……是否，不管是……还是), wh-ever/no matter wh-ever (无论……)
注意：
(1) though, although, as的区别
though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；as引导的从句必须倒装；although引导的从句不能倒装。
(2) though可用作副词，放在句末，意为“不过，但是”。although无此用法。
(3) 某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为“尽管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of (the fact that)
引导词：as ... as (和……一样), not as/so ... as (和……不一样), than (比), the more ... the more ... (越……越……)
八、状语从句中的省略问题
1. 在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分。
若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。
用whether/if均可，但有区别：
(1) that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
It+be+形容词 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句
It+be+名词词组 (no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句
It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句
(2) that可以省略，但that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。
2. 宾语从句
(1) 常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。
(2) that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。
3. 表语从句（that不可省略）
4. 同位语从句
连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。
二、whether/if从句
1. 在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if；当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可；discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。
2. 在宾语从句中：
(1) 及物动词后：whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if；if不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not；whether后可以加不定式。
(2) 介词后：只能用whether，不用if。
三、特殊疑问词引导的从句
1. 主语从句：特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。
2. 宾语从句：
(1) 常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
(2) 作介词宾语。
3. 同位语从句、表语从句。
四、名词性关系从句
what=the thing(s) which/that,
whoever=anyone who,
whichever=anyone/anything that,
whatever=anything that,
where=the place where,
when=the time when
五、名词性从句的几个难点
(一) that不可省略的情况
1. 主语从句，that从句置于句首时。
2. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二哥和以后几个从句的that不可省略。
3. 由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可以省略。
(二) wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
(三) as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句
注意：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause，而且since, as不能引导表语从句。
(四) that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
that引导的同位语从句成分是完整的，that在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的，that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
专题三 动词的时态和语态
一般现在时（主动：do/does；被动：am/is/are done）
一般过去时（主动：did；被动：was/were done）
一般将来时（主动：will/shall do；被动：will/shall be done）
过去将来时（主动：would/should do；被动：would/should be done）
现在进行时（主动：am/is/are doing；被动：am/is/are being done）
过去进行时（主动：was/were doing；被动：was/were being done）
将来进行时（主动：will/shall be doing；无被动）
现在完成时（主动：have/has done；被动：have/has been done）
现在完成进行时（主动：have/has been doing；无被动）
过去完成时（主动：had done；被动：had been done）
一、一般现在时
1. 表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always, usually, seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2. 表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4. 书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。
5. 时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7. 用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus!
How it rains!
二、一般过去时
1. 表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。
2. 表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。
3. 用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4. 有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn't know …或I forgot …等。
5. 一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。
三、一般将来时
1. will/shall do
(1) 表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month …, at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。
(2) 表示将来经常发生的动作。
(3) 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。
(4) 表示说话过程中做出某种决定。
注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。
2. be going to do
(1) 表示已经决定或安排要做的事。
(2) 表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。
3. be to do
(1) 表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
(2) 表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。
(3) 表示注定要发生的事情。
4. be about to do
(1) 表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。
(2) 不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。
5. 某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
四、过去将来时
1. would/should do表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。通常用于其主句的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中。
2. were/was to do表示过去将来时间的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消，没有实现，则用was/were to have done表示。
五、现在进行时
1. 表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
3. 有时可表示即将发生的动作（只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词），这时常有一个表示将来时间的状语。
4. 常与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。
5. 有些表示感觉、情感的动词不能用进行时，如know, understand, love, like, hate, feel, desire, wish, want, refuse, remember, hear, see, have等，这些动词一般不用进行时，通常用一般现在时态，表示说话时发生的动作。
六、过去进行时
1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语（从句）或由上下文来表示。
2. 表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。但说话时不一定正在进行。
3. 表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词。（见现在进行时3）
4. 与always, frequently等副词连用，表示感彩。
七、将来进行时
1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。
2. 表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。此时一般有具体的时间状语。
3. 表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事。
4. 表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉。
八、现在完成时
意义：
继续：表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态
经验：表示过去某一时期到现在的经验
完成：表示现在刚完成的动作
成果：表示现在是“做了……”的结果
1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的状语有already, yet, just等。
2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week, lately, recently, in the past few days, since, for a long time等。
注意：
(1) 非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
(2) 此类动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。这类动词有：begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, born, die, buy, arrive。
3. 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时：表示某一已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时：只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
九、现在完成进行时
1. 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。
2. 重复的动作表示感彩。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
(1) 现在完成时表示动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。
(2) 状态动词、知觉动词或情态动词，如：see, feel, know, love等，不用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
十、过去完成时
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，若两个动作紧接着发生，则不需用过去完成时，尤其是在含有before和after的复合句中，常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
2. 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式表示即：hoped/planned … +to do。
3. 过去完成时用于hardly … when, no sooner … than等固定句型中。
十一、不能用被动语态的情况
1. there be结构及所有的不及物动词或词组充当谓语时，无被动语态。
2. 系动词无被动语态。
3. 一些表示状态的及物动词，如cost, have, own, possess等不能用被动语态。
4. 表示“希望，意图”的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等不能变被动语态。
5. 当及物动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所（包括组织、团体、军队、国家等）的名词时，不可变为被动语态。
十二、主动形式表被动意义
1. 某些动词形式上主动，但含有被动意思，往往表示主语本身的性质，而且主语应该是事物。
2. 在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时，不定式用主动语态，否则用被动语态。
3. 在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。
4. 在某些词组中，用动词的主动形式表被动。
(1) be worth doing
(2) want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3) with复合结构
十三、被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况

展开更多......

收起↑