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Lesson 5 No Wrong Numbers
★ Warm up
1、现在完成时态和一般过去时态
★ Listening
1. How many garages has Mr. James had up to now
2. What does he do for his new garage
3. What did a pigeon that Mr. James bought do yesterday
4. What does “No wrong numbers” mean
★ Vocabulary
● pigeon [ p d n] n. (可数) 鸽子
【记忆】pigeon 谐音 “披荆”→ 信鸽“披荆斩棘”送信。
【搭配】carrier pigeon 信鸽
homing pigeon 信鸽、传信鸽
Young pigeon 乳鸽
It’s not my pigeon. 不关我的事/这不是我的错。
【搭配】dove, pigeon 这两个名词均表示"鸽"之意。
dove 指较小品种的鸽，美国称为野鸽。
pigeon 多指家鸽。
【例句】A homing pigeon was sent forth to carry the message. 一只信鸽被放出去递送消息.
● message [ mes d ] n. (可数) 信息
【记忆】message = me (我) + ss (象形蛇：两条蛇) + age (年龄) → 信息是有关我和两条蛇的年龄的信息。
【近义】information n. (不可数)信息
【搭配】short/text message 短信 leave a message留个话
take a message for sb 替某人捎口信 send sb. on a message派...出去报信
take a message to sb 给某人信息
【辨析】information, data, message 这些名词都含有"资料，信息"之意。
information和data作“资料”解时，前者仅指所获得、提供或描述的慨况，而不指具体的数据或资料，后者则指具体的资料。
data是datum的复数形式，本义指作为计算和测量基础的资料。
message : 指通过书写、谈话和信号等方式所进行的通讯“信息”。
【例句】I got a message you were trying to reach me. 我收到一条留言，说你想跟我联系。
● cover [ k v r] v. 越过 covers (三单)；covering (现在分词)；covered (过去式/分词)
⑴ vt. 盖、覆盖
The ground was covered with snow.
⑵ vt. 走过（通常不用被动）
cover + 距离 越过、走过
We have covered three cities in a week.
⑶ n. 覆盖物、盖子、罩子、套子
Put a cover on the box! 给盒子盖上盖子。
● distance [ d st ns] n. (可数) 距离
【记忆】distance = dis分开+stance=stan站,立→分开站着→有距离→距离
【拓展】distant adj. 遥远的、冷淡的、远离的、远隔的
distantly adv. 远离地、冷淡、关系较远地
【搭配】long distance call长途电话 keep sb. at a distance 对某人保持疏远
keep distance 保持距离 short distance 短距离、短程
keep one's distance from 远离....... in the distance 在远处
【例句】 In the distance I could hear the chug of farm machinery. 离老远，我都能听到农机具的突突声。
● request [r kwest] n. (可数) 要求; vt. 要求、请求
【记忆】request = re再+quest寻求,询问→在寻求→请求、要求
【拓展】require v. 请求、要求
requester n. 请求者
【搭配】request code 请求码 on request 已经要求
at sb.'s request [at the request of sb.]应某人要求 comply with sb.'s request答应某人的请求
in great request 非常需要 make (a) request for请求, 要求
request sth. from sb. 向某人要求某物 request for 对.......有请求、要求
request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
【例句】The request for money made them feel uncomfortable. 索要金钱让他们有些不安。
● spare [sper] adj. 多余的、空闲的、剩下的、备用的 ; vt 节省、俭省
【记忆】spare = spa (SPA) + re (热)→ 空闲时间做个SPA，太热了。
【搭配】spare money 余款、闲钱
spare no efforts 不遗余力、竭力
spare part 备件
【例句】There was hardly a spare inch of space to be found. 几乎找不到一丁点空余的地方。
● service [ s :rv s] n. (可数) 业务、服务 ; v. 维修
【记忆】service = serv服务+ice→n.服务;公共设施;维修保养;行政部门 v.维修
【拓展】serve v. (为...) 服务、提供、招待 serviceable adj. 有用的、耐用的
servant n. 佣人、仆人 serviceability n. 有用性、适用性、可维护性
【搭配】service charge 服务费 service call 业务电话
at your service听您吩咐；随时供您使用 do sb. a service/favor 给某人帮忙
be of service 可以提供帮助 give service to 为......效劳
【例句】I thanked them for their long and loyal service. 对于他们长期以来忠诚的效力我非常感谢。 Mr.
★ Text
James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
★ Language points
▲ Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
⑴ garage n. (可数) 车库、汽车修理厂
garageman n. 汽车修理厂工人
⑵ 英语中表示“另一个、其它的”的词汇总结
① another 泛指许多（至少三个）中的任何一个。其名词前不加冠词。
常搭配：one...another... （三者以上的）一个.......，另一个.......?
E.g. Saying is one thing and doing is another.?说是一回事，做又是一回事。?
另外，another有时可用作“再……一”的意思。?
E.g.Have another cup of coffee,please.再喝一杯咖啡吧！?
还可与数词连用，表示“再……个”。?
E.g.Just think what our country will be like in another ten years.设想一下再过十年我们国家将是什么样子。② other“另外的，其他的，别的”，作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。?
E.g. Other people may not think that way.?别的人可能不这么想。?
③ the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”是特指。
常搭配：one...the other... 一个......另一个.......?
E.g. I don't like this one.Show me the other.?我不喜欢这个，让我看看另一个。?
④ others作主语或宾语。泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。?
常搭配：some...others 一些.......另一些.......
Some are singing and dancing;others are climbing the hill.?一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在爬山。?
⑤ the others 作主语或宾语。指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。
常搭配：some... the others ... 一些......， 其余的全部.......?
E.g. Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others ?他们有四个人在教室里。别的人呢？?
⑶ now, just 均可以用于完成时态，表示“目前”、“刚刚”
⑷ buy vt. 表示“买”, bought (过去式/分词) ; buying (现在分词)；buys (三单)
Money can't buy happiness. 金钱买不来幸福。
① 用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语；若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如：
搭配buy sth. for 5 dollars 买某物花费5美元； buy sth. for sb. = buy sb sth 为某人买某物
② 动词buy是一瞬间动作动词，所以不能与表示一段时间的for短语连用，此时应改为用have.
I bought this house ten years ago. 这房子我已买了十年。
= I have had this house for ten years.
=It’s ten years since I bought this house.
③ buy是终止性动词，但是，终止性动词在否定句中可与一段时间连用，因为终止性动词一旦被否定就成了状态，而状态总是可以延续的——比如：“离开”是终止性的，而“没有离开”则是一种状语，它是可以延续的，所以可以连用一段时间。
I haven’t bought anything for three months. 我有三个月没有买过任何东西。
He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后，他再也没有借这本书了。
▲ Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
⑴ be + 数词 + 量词 + from + 地点：表示距离上相隔多远，作“距……多远”、“离……多远”讲
常与away连用，搭配：be far away from ... 离.......太远
It is far (away) from here.
Bus stop is only one mile from school/here.
⑵ get a telephone 得到电话, 安装电话
⑶ pigeon n. 鸽子
one’s pigeon自己的责任或事情
homing pigeon/ carrier-pigeon 信鸽
dove鸽子 dove of peace和平鸽
That's not my pigeon. ＝That’s not my business. = None of my business. 这不关我的事。
▲ Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
⑴ carry vt. 携带, 运送, 支持, 支撑, 传送
These bags carry easily.这些包便于携带。
This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers.这架奇妙的飞机能载七名乘客。
That pipe carries water.那管子是送水用的。
⑵ from… to …从……到……
from beginning to end 从头到尾
from here to there 从这儿到那儿
from place／area to place／area 从一个地方到另一个地方
from top to bottom 从顶到底，整个地、彻底
from head to foot 从头到脚
from side to side 从一边到另一边
from door to door 挨门挨户
▲ The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
⑴ cover
① vt. 盖，覆盖
Cover the table with a cloth. 在桌子上铺上台布.
She covered her knees (up) with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上
② vt. travel (a certain distance) 走（一段路程）、走过（通常不用被动语态）
By sunset we had covered thirty miles. 到日落的时候, 我们已走了三十英里.
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
③ cover = include (sth) 包括;
Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly. 她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻.
④ cover多种含义
be covered with “覆盖”, 表状态。
be covered by “被...包裹着”，表动作。
The ground is covered with snow. 地面覆盖着雪。
The pathway across the field was covered by snow. 穿过田野的小径被雪覆盖了。
⑤ n. 覆盖物、盖子、罩子；封面
The magazine had a picture of a horse on the cover, ie the front cover. 这本杂志封面上画着一匹马.
The book had a blue cover.这本书有一个蓝色的封面。
⑵ distance n. 距离 ; adj. distant adj.远距离的
in the distance在远处
from/ at a distance从远处
keep sb. at a distance 于某人保持一定距离
It is no distance at all.不远
keep one's distance保持一定距离
⑶ “in + 一段时间” 表示“在.......内”或“在......之后”。用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。
“一段时间 + later”, later是副词，表示“一段时间之后”，用于一般过去时态。
　 Two days later, he came back. (两天后，他回来了。)
　 “later on” 作状语用时，意为“以后，后来”，表示不确定、不具体的时间。
　 I'll tell you about him later on. 有关他的情况以后我会告诉你的。
▲ Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
⑴ up to now =up till now=so far 到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时)
Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺。
one...the other... 一个.......另一个.......
⑵ 表示“消息、信息”的词总结如下：
① message n.（口头或书面的）信息，可数名词 messenger n. 送信人，信使
leave a message 留个话、留言、留话 an oral/written message 口信/便条
take a message to sb. 给某人口信 take a message to sb是替人带(捎)口信
give a message to sb.第一人直接交某信息给某人 leave sb. a message 给……留便条
take a message for sb.　 替某人捎口信 urgent message 紧急消息
② information作“信息”解，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容，是不可数名词。例如：
They must find out some information about planes to Yunnan as quickly as possible.
他们必须尽快找到有关去往云南班机的资料。
③ information作“信息”解，不可数名词，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容，是不可数名词。例如：
They must find out some information about planes to Yunnan as quickly as possible.
他们必须尽快找到有关去往云南班机的资料。
④ news，不可数名词，作“新闻”解，一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息，它侧重一个“新”字，是不可数名词。
There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper.在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
⑤ request 用法
a、n. 要求, 请求
a request for 对……有请求, 有需求, 请求帮助
at sb's request=at the request of sb, because of sb's wish 应某人之请求; 鉴于某人之请求
make (a) request for请求，要求
in request需要的
on request应…要求
b、v. 要求, 请求
request sb.to do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做…… （口语）
request sth of sb = request sth from sb向某人要某物
外国人喜欢用被动：You're required/asked to do...
You are required/asked to do sth. （对人要求习惯用被动语态）
All I requested of you was that you came early. 我只要求你早点来.
I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙.
You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 请不要吸烟.
⑶ spare adj. 备用的
① vt. 抽出（时间等），让给
I can't spare the time for a holiday at the moment. 目前我抽不出时间去度假.
Can you spare a cigarette for me 给我根烟行吗
I have no time to spare. 我没有余暇。
② vt. 饶恕，赦免
The robbers spared his life.
‘Share me!’ begged the prisoner.
He doesn’t spare himself.他律己甚严。
spare oneself 怕吃苦，偷懒，不努力
and to spare=enough and to spare多余，很多
③ adj. 多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的
I'll show you where the spares are kept. 我来指给你看放备件的地方.
You can sleep in the spare bedroom.你可以在备用卧室睡觉。
表“全力以赴”的短语：
do / try one’s best spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do do all somebody can (do) to do
▲ In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
⑴ in this way=by this means用这种方法with this method,
in this manner用这种办法、用这种态度
by the way 顺便地
in no way决不，毫不，并不
in the(one’s) way 挡住去路；碍事、妨碍；多余的、无用的，不受欢迎；可及的，顺路，在前面[做表语]
in the way of 在…方面、至于说…、关于…、为了…；在…过程中，是…常有的事；妨碍，阻碍
in a way 在某种意义上
on the way在路上
⑵ service n. 业务, 服务
① service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；
作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。
We need the services of a doctor.我们需要医生的诊治。
The train service to the capital is very good.去首都的火车服务设施非常好。
② service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the telephone service（电话业务）；也可指办这些业务的机构，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news service（通讯社）。
At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service. 我很乐意为您效劳.
③ serve v. 服务, 接待
Can I serve you in any way 我能帮你忙吗？
He serves in the navy.他在海军服役。
This room can serve as/for a study. 这个房间可作书房用.
★ Grammar
一般过去时态
【用法】
稍纵即逝
表示过去某一时刻发生的一次性动作或存在的状态。
例如：I got up at six this morning.
曾几何时
叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。
例如：Lucy moved to Shanghai last year.
习以为常
表示过去一个阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如：Mr. Jackson usually went to evening school when he was young.
历历在目
讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去时间等常用一般过去时，而且经常省略时间状语。
例如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.
【标志词】
ago 及 ago 词组； yesterday 及 yesterday 词组；
last 及 last 词组； just now, in the past, in 1902 等；
at the age of..., used to...; one day, long long ago, once upon a time。
【结构类型】
肯定句： 主语 + was / were + 表语
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它
否定句： 主语 + was / were not + 表语
主语 + did not (didn’t) + 动词原形 + 其它
一般疑问句： Was / Were + 主语 + 表语？
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它？
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 一般疑问句？
动词过去式及过去分词的构成规律
词尾形式 变化规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed plant → planted; play → played
以e结尾 加-d live → lived; change → changed
以辅音字母加-y结尾 改y为i，再加-ed carry → carried; study → studied
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop → stopped; prefer → preferred
规则动词过去式构成口诀 过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加-ed；如果词尾有个e，只要直接加上-d； “辅音字母+y”，先变y为i，再加-ed;“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后-ed加。
特别提醒： 规则动词的过去式与过去分词一致：plant→ planted travel过去式和过去分词英国写法：travel→ travelled→travelled 美国写法：travel→ traveled → traveled 在以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去掉y, 加ies变为第三人称单数形式，加ied变为过去式和过去分词，常见类似动词为：carry, copy, cry, fry, hurry, spy, study, try, tidy, worry等。
动词后缀-ed的读音口诀 清音/t/, 浊元/d/, /t/, /d/后面读/id/。 look→ looked, hope → hopped move→ moved mend→ moved; plant → planted
4、不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的规律
巧记ABB型不规则动词（A代表动词原形，BB代表过去式和过去分词）
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep, sweep, sleep
-ell -old -old sell, tell
-end -ent -ent lend, spend, send
-ay -aid -aid say, pay
-n -nt -nt burn, learn, mean
-- -ought -ought bring, buy, fight, think
-- -aught -aught catch, teach
巧记ABC型不规则动词
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break, speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -ore wear, bear, tear
-ow -ew -own grow, blow, know, throw
-i -a- -u sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin
-i -o- -n drive, rise
巧记AAA型不规则动词
击中 受伤 让 吐痰 去掉 花费 读 放 砍
hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut

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