新概念第二册Lesson 6 Percy Buttons讲义

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新概念第二册Lesson 6 Percy Buttons讲义

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新概念第二册
Lesson 6 Percy Buttons
单词精讲
beggar n. 乞丐
beg v.乞求
beg for 乞求得到
eg. I beg your pardon
ask for 请求得到(ask sb. for sth.向某人索要某物)
eg.He asks his mother for some money.(他向他妈妈要一些钱。)
food n. 食物(不可数)
eg.There is not enough food in the fridge.(冰箱里没有足够的食物了。)
pocket n. 衣服口袋
jacket pocket 夹克的口袋;
coat pocket 大衣口袋
pocket book 袖珍书
pocket dictionary袖珍词典
pocket pick 车上的小偷
pocket money (小孩的)零花钱
eg.My pocket is full of coins.(我的口袋里装满了硬币。)
change 零钱
eg.I need some change to buy a newspaper.(我需要一些零钱来买份报纸。)
get exact change准备好正确的零花钱
eg.Before going to the vending machine, make sure you get exact change.(在去自动售货机之前,确保你准备好正确的零钱。)
beer money (男人的)零花钱
eg.He saved his beer money to buy a new fishing rod.(他把自己的零花钱存起来买了一根新的钓鱼竿。)
call v. 拜访, 光顾
vt.&vi. 叫,喊
eg. I heard someone calling.
call out =shout 大声喊
vt. 呼唤,召唤
eg. Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.
③ vi. 访问,拜访;(车、船等)停靠
call on sb. 拜访某人
call at+地点=visit someplace 拜访某地
eg. Amy called at our house yesterday.
The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站。
④ vt.&vi. 打电话
call sb =call up sb. 给某人打电话
call back 回某人电话
eg.Can you take a message for me =Can you tell him to call back
call in sb. 招集和邀请某人
eg.For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.
重点句型
The and Some
当表示不确定的某个人或物时,用不定冠词a/an(单数, 可数名词);当表示不可数的名词时,则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。
不定冠词a/an用于表示不确定的某个人或物(单数,可数名词)
eg. There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书。这里“a book”表示不确定是哪一本书,只是说存在一本书。)
I saw an old man in the park.(我在公园里看到一位老人。“an old man”指不确定是哪位老人。)
She has a cat.(她有一只猫。表示她拥有一只不确定具体特征的猫。)
不定冠词加量词用于表示不可数名词
a glass of water(一杯水。“water”是不可数名词,用“a glass of”这个量词词组来表示一定量的水。)
an piece of advice(一条建议。“advice”是不可数名词,“an piece of”这种表达有误,应为“a piece of”,表示不确定的一条建议。)
a bowl of rice(一碗米饭。“rice”不可数,“a bowl of”用来表示一碗这样数量的米饭。)
在表示一种笼统概念(某某一类/一种东西)的陈述句中可以省略a和some
可数名词
Tigers are dangerous animals.(这里没有用“a tiger”,表示老虎这一类动物是危险的,而不是特指某一只老虎。)
Apples are good for health.(没有说“an apple”或者“some apples”,是在说苹果这一类水果对健康有益。)
不可数名词
Water is essential for life.(这里省略了“a”或者“some”,表达水这种物质对生命是必不可少的,是一种笼统概念。)
Knowledge is power.(没有用“a knowledge”或者“some knowledge”,表示知识这一概念本身就是力量。)
表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物,则要用定冠词the(有时相当于this/that/these/those),可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可。
可数名词单数
The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(“the book”指的是昨天我买的那本书,是确定的一本书。)
The man in the blue shirt is my father.
(“the man”表示那个穿着蓝色衬衫的男人,是特定的一个人。)
可数名词复数
The students in this class are very hard - working.
(“the students”指的是这个班级里的学生,是特定的一群学生。)
The apples on the table are fresh.
(“the apples”表示桌子上的那些苹果,是已经提到的特定的苹果。)
不可数名词
The water in this glass is cold.
(“the water”指的是这个杯子里的水,是确定的一份水。)
The knowledge he has is amazing.
(“the knowledge”指的是他所拥有的知识,是特定的知识。)
在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。
姓名
Tom is my good friend.(“Tom”是人名,前面没有加冠词。)
Mary likes reading books.(“Mary”为人名,无需加冠词。)
地名
Beijing is the capital of China.(“Beijing”是地名,直接使用。)
Paris is a beautiful city.(“Paris”为地名,不加冠词。)
国名(非复合词)
China has a long history.(“China”国名,前面不加冠词。)
Japan is an island country.(“Japan”国名,没有冠词。)
月份
January is the first month of the year.(“January”是月份,不加冠词。)
August is usually very hot.(“August”月份,无需加冠词。)
星期
Monday is the start of a new week.(“Monday”是星期,不加冠词。)
Friday is my favorite day of the week.(“Friday”为星期,前面没有冠词。)
a和the的区别:a是泛指, a man;特指, the man
“a”表示泛指
I saw a dog in the park.
(这里的“a dog”表示我在公园里看到了一只狗,但不特指是哪一只狗,可能是任何一只狗。)
She wants to buy a new dress.
(“a new dress”表示她想要买一件新裙子,没有特指是哪一件新裙子,只是泛指任何一件新裙子。)
“the”表示特指
The dog that chased me yesterday was very fierce.
(“the dog”指的是昨天追我的那只狗,是特定的一只狗。)
The dress she wore at the party was beautiful.
(“the dress”指的是她在聚会上穿的那件裙子,是特定的一件裙子。)
He gave the book to the girl.
(这里“the book”是他给出去的那本书,是特定的一本书;“the girl”是他把书给的那个女孩,也是特定的一个人。)
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the
eg. A man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is full of meat.
She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.
一般姓名前一般不能加冠词,表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个”,加不定冠词a
eg. a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人
课文精讲
Who is Percy Buttons
I have just moved to a house in BridgeStreet. Yesterday a beggar knocked at mydoor.
我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门,
knock
① vi. 敲门 eg. I knocked, but no one answered..
knock at 敲(门、窗等)
eg. knock at the door;knock at the window
② vt.&vi. 碰撞
eg.You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
eg. She has knocked a cup over again.她又碰倒了一杯子。
③ vt. 把(某人)打成……状态
eg. He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
④ 与off连用时有一些特殊含义,一般用于口语
vt. (价格上)减去,除去,打折扣
eg. They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.
The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.(He reduced the price by 10%.)
vi. 下班,停止,中断(工作等)
eg. When do you usually knock off 你一般何时下班?
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven. 他十一点半休息吃中午饭。
ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth. 问某人要什么东西
eg. The boy asked (his parents)for money again.
He asked me for a meal and a glassof beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.
问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报,那乞丐头顶地倒立起来,嘴里还唱着歌。
in return for this 作为对……的回报,作为交换
eg.I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.
in return 作为回报
eg.In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报
stood on his head 倒立
stand on one's hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)
stand on one's knees 跪着, 膝盖
lie on one's back 仰面躺着
lie on one's side 侧躺/lie on one's stomach 趴着
I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away.
我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完,又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。
Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons.
后来,一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他,他叫珀西.巴顿斯。
介词about可以和一些动词连用,以表示“关于……(的)”、“涉及……(的)”
eg. Please tell me about the accident.
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事(about关于, 通过其他事自己得出的结论)
tell you about the word 解释这个单词的意思
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)
everybody作主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词
所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody,anybody,everything等
He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and aglass of beer.
他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾 一次,总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
call at 光顾,拜访
in the street(英国)/on the street(美国)
once a month 一个月一次, 单位表达方式
once adj. 表示每……一次(表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词), 计量单位 “/” (每……)
eg.He goes back to the South once a year.
四、习惯用法
ask sb. for sth.,向某人索要某物。
eg. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.他问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
in return for this,作为报答,句中this指上文的a meal and a glass of beer。in return for your help:对你的帮助作为回报
stand on one’s head 倒立
eg. The acrobat can stand on his head for a long time.
(这位杂技演员能倒立很长时间。)
call at sp.拜访某地。call on sb.拜访某人。
eg. He calls at every house in the street.他光顾街上的每一幢房子。

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