新概念第二册Lesson 7 Too late讲义

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新概念第二册Lesson 7 Too late讲义

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新概念第二册
Lesson 7 Too late
单词精讲
detective n.侦探 adj. 侦探的
【词源】detect v. 侦查
【例句】The detective finally found the clue to solve the mystery.
(这位侦探最终找到了解开谜团的线索。)
Sherlock Holmes is a famous detective in English literature.
(夏洛克·福尔摩斯是英国文学中著名的侦探。)
He bought a detective novel yesterday.(他昨天买了一本侦探小说。)
Dogs can detect drugs.(狗能够察觉毒品。)
airport n. 机场
【记忆】airport=air(天空)+port (港口)
【例句】I will meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.
(我明天将在机场接我的朋友。)
expect v. 期待,等待
【词组】expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思,而wait(for)主要指“等待”这个动作本身
【例句】I expect my mother to come back early tonight.
(我期望我妈妈今晚早点回来。)
valuable adj.珍贵的,贵重的
【记忆】valuable = value(珍贵)+able(形容词后缀)
【例句】The advice given by the old man is very valuable.
(这位老人给出的建议非常有价值。)
steal v.偷
【词组】steal sth. from sb.(从某人那里偷某物)。
【变形】过去式:stole,过去分词:stolen。
【例句】The thief stole a wallet from the old man.
(小偷从老人那里偷了一个钱包。)
main adj.主要的,重要的
【词组】one of the main+复数名词 主要的……之一
【例句】One of the main reasons for his success is his hard work.
(他成功的主要原因之一是他的努力工作。)
guard n. 哨兵v.保卫,守卫
【释义】n.guard表示负责保卫或看守的人,尤指哨兵、警卫等。
v.guard的用法有guard sth.(保卫/看守某物)
guard against sth.(防范某事)
【例句】The guard at the gate checked our ID cards.
(门口的哨兵检查了我们的身份证。)
Dogs guard our houses.(狗看守我们的房子。)
sand n. 沙子
【词组】a grain of sand”表示“一粒沙子”
【例句】A grain of sand can sometimes make a big difference in machinery.
(一粒沙子有时会对机械产生很大影响。)
重点句型
过去进行时指“过去的某一时间进行发生的动作或事情”,这样的理解很正确!
结构
过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成   
eg. We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not +现在分词”构成   
eg. This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车
过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”构成   
eg. Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗
基本用法
过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
eg. He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
过去进行时表示感彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
eg. They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
常用的时间状语:this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago
常见考法
对于过去进行时的考查,多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。
典型例题
Mary a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
解析:割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,表示“割伤手指”的时候"玛丽做衣服"的动作正在进行,它提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
答案C.
误区提醒
过去进行时与一般过去时的区分,可能是同学们头疼的地方。大家可以记住以下四条;
一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。(延续性动词)  
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。 (信写完了)   She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。 (信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。(短暂性动词)   She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的笼统的时间短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的具体的时间状语一般用过去进行时。
典型例题: I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night.
解析:所给的时间状语at ten last nigh“昨天晚上十点钟”是具体的过去的某一时刻,所以应该用过去进行时。
课文精讲
Too late
形容词短语,副词too修饰形容词late,翻译为“太晚了”.
问题:Did the detectives save the diamonds 这是一个一般疑问句。
一般疑问句的构成,有个口诀:一般一般,be/情/助往前搬,本句是一般现在时陈述句变的,还原成陈述句:The detectives saved the diamonds.因为saved是实义动词,变一般疑问句时,借用did.
可看出,主语是名词短语The detectives,谓语动词是saved,表语是the diamonds.
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
这个句子是由并列连词and引导的并列句,第一个句子主系表结构,主语the plane,谓语动词was,表语late,第二个句子主系表状结构,主语是detectives,谓语动词were,表语waiting,状语是介词短语at the airport,all morning是名词短语作状语,all是不定代词,在这里起限定作用。
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
译文:飞机误点了,侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。
注释:这里的late不是迟到,而是晚点的意思The bus was late.
They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.
译文:他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。
注释:a parcelof 为“一包”; a bag of 一袋;a bar of 一长条;a packet of 一包 a cup of tea 一杯茶
七大洲的英语亚洲:Asia 欧洲:Europe 非洲:Africa 拉丁美洲:Latin America/South America 北美洲:North America 大洋洲:Oceania 南极洲:Antarctica 大西洋:Atlantic Ocean 太平洋:Pacific Ocean 印度洋:Indian Ocean 北冰洋:Arctic Ocean
A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.
译文:数小时以前,有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石。
注释:tell sb.that 是“告诉某人某事” 其中that是引导的宾语从句
Would 是will的一般过去是,事情是发生在相对于过去的时间的将来,所以是would
Try to do sth.尽力做某事
Try doing sth.试着做某事
这个句子是主谓双宾结构,主句主语不定代词someone,主句谓语动词had told,间接宾语是the police,直接宾语是宾从that thieves would try to steal the diamonds,宾从主语thieves,宾从谓语would try,宾从宾语是不定式短语to steal the diamonds, 其中the diamonds作动词不定式to steal的逻辑宾语。
When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
译文:当飞机到达时,一些侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。
注释:When,as, while 辨析
When 既可以接延续性动词,又可接非延续性动词
As 可以替换when
While 多接延续性动词
有人把were waiting整体作谓语,我认为也对,抛开对错,我更喜欢把were单独作谓语,剩下的waiting是非谓语动词,是现在分词,现在分词=形容词,视为表语为好,这样的好处是,将来碰见复杂句子分析时,养成快速找到谓语动词的习惯。
They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.
本句是主系表定结构,主语是代词They,谓语动词是were, 表语是现在分词短语expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds,其中a valuable parcel of diamonds 作现在分词expecting的逻辑宾语,from South Africa是后置定语,修饰diamonds.不是状语,因为是来自南非的钻石,不是来自南非的他们。
这个句子复合句,由三部分组成,一个主句,两个状从,主句主语是some of the detectives,主句谓语were,waiting是现在分词作表语,inside the main building是介词短语作状语;第一个从句是When 引导的状语从句,When是连接副词,从句主语the plane,从句谓语arrived;第二个从句是while引导的状语从句,while是连接副词,others=other detectives是不定代词作主语,谓语动词were,表语waiting是现在分词,相当于形容词,介词短语on the airfield作状语。
Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.
译文:有两个人把包裹拿下飞机,进了海关。
注释:Customs House 海关 take …off somewhere 把某物从某处拿下来
carry sth. into somewhere 把某物拿进某地
本句并列连词and连接的两个并列句,第一个句子是主谓宾宾补结构,主语是人称代词Two men,谓语是took,宾语是the parcel,宾补是off the plane, 第二个句子是主谓宾宾补结构,主语是省略的人称代词two men,谓语是carried,宾语是it,代指前面同一个事物the parcel,介词短语into the Custom House.作宾补。也有人认为off the plane和into the Custom House作状语。这个看你能接受哪个。
While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
译文:这时两个侦探把住门口,另外两个侦探打开了包裹。
注释:keep guard at the door 把守,把门
本句状语从句,第一个句子连接副词引导的状语从句,是主系表状结构,主语是two detectives,谓语是were,表语是keeping guard,状语是at the door,其中,名词guard作现在分词keeping的逻辑宾语; 第二个句子是主句,主谓宾结构,主语是不定代词代词two others,谓语是opened,宾语是the parcel.
To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
译文:令他们吃惊的是,那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子!
注释:To one’s surprise 让某人吃惊的是
Be full of sth. 充满某物
本句是主系表结构,to their surprise是介词短语作独立成分,或者干脆理解为状语,主语是名词短语the precious parcel,冠形名结构,谓语是was,表语full of stones and sand.传统语法把be full of这样的“be+形容词+介词”视为动词词组,其用法也相当于动词,接宾语stones and sand.
常见的“be+形容词+介词”短语:
be angry with生...的气
be interested in对...感兴趣
be afraid of害怕
be filled with用...装满
be pleased with 对...感到满意
be different from与...不同
be famous for因...而出名
be good for对...有好处
be amazed at对...感到惊讶
be full of装满
be pound of以...自豪

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