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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：八年级 辅导科目： 英语
授课日期 时 间
主 题 U4重点词汇句型复习及祈使句
教学内容
复习并掌握U4重点词汇句型；掌握祈使句的用法并能在具体语境中灵活运用。（此部分60分钟左右；是本节课的重点。）I．祈使句I．祈使句（Imperative Sentence）1． 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 2．祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。　　例：Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。——命令） 　 　 Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。——请求） 　　 Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。——劝告） 　 　Watch your steps. （走路小心。——警告） 　　 Look out！Danger！ （小心！危险！——强烈警告，已如感叹句） 　　 Keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。——禁止） 　　 No parking. （禁止停车。——禁止） 　　3．祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯去告诉他。） 　　II．相关口令 　　祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 　　动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 　　朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 　　III．表现形式 　　●肯定结构: 　　1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 　　 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 　　●否定结构: 　　1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! 　　 Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 　　2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 　　3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 　　练习： 　　将下列汉语翻译成英语。 　　1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. 　　2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________! 　　3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! 　　4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. 　　5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________. 　　Keys: 　　1. Please look after your bag. 　　2. Let's go to school. 　　3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here . 　　5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in . 　 IV.祈使句句型转换　　祈使句与陈述句的改写 　　1．祈使句=You must …（陈述句） 　　 Come here . =You must come here . 　　 Don''t do that again. 　　　2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～ （陈述句） 　 　Please help me . =Will you (please) help me 　　 Come here on time ,please .=Will you (please) come here on time 　　 　　3.祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。 　　 祈使句：Use your head and you''ll find a way. 　　 条件句：If you use your head，you''ll find a way. 　　 练习：I．将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Let’s go there together. II．选择最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, ______ a rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had2. ______ me go. It is very important for me.A. Do let B. let do C. Doing let D. To do let3. He is not honest. ______ believe him. A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know, ______ A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we5. Never come late again, ______ A. will you B. won’t C. do you D. does he6. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got7. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play8. Please ______ me some money, will you A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be B. are C. is D. being10. _____ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Keptkeys: 1-5 A A B A A 6-10 B A A AII．ReadingI.Read the passage and answer the questions.The story goes that two friends were walking through the desert. During some point of the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face.The one who got slapped felt hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand: "Today my best friend slapped me in the face."They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one who had been slapped got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but the friend saved him.After he recovered from the near drowning, he wrote on a stone: "Today my best friend saved my life."The friend who had slapped and saved his best friend asked him, "After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand and now you write on a stone. Why "The other friend replied: "When someone hurts us we should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for us, we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it."生词：slap 掌击 oasis 绿洲get stuck 陷入 mire 泥潭recover 苏醒 engrave 雕刻erase 抹掉 forgiveness 宽恕1. Why did one friend slap the other one in the face 2. How did the one who got slapped feel 3. What happened when they were taking a bath 4. What did he do after he recovered from the near drowning 5. What do you learn according to the story keys: 1. Because they had an argument． 2. He felt hurt, but without saying anything．3. The one who had been slapped got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but the friend saved him.4. He wrote on a stone，“Today my best friend saved my life.” 5. When someone hurts us we should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for us we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it． II.Fill in the blanks with proper words.There are particular seats on buses, they are designed for the old, the weak, the sick, the disabled, the pregnant and the ones who are carrying a b 1 . You must have seen such behavior on buses or trains: an old passenger needs a seat, but people take the seats, and even the particular seats. Sometimes people don’t give up their seats possibly because they are too tired and they are sleeping. Sometimes, the buses or trains are so c 2 that people don’t know that there is someone who needs a seat.What I care is not whether standing up is tiring or not, but whether he can stand without falling over. So I am anxious much about his safety rather than his comfort. I will catch every opportunity to give up my seat to those who n 3 it more than I do, like the ones who have privileges to take the seats or those who carry heavy things.However, there are some people who believe that it's u 4 for the young to give away their seats to the old, with the reasons like these: some of the old people are actually s 5 and healthier than younger people; some old people never feel t 6 to seat-givers; and young people are working under much pressure and becoming exhausted, and they deserve a few minutes' r 7 . These days more and more people take the simple rule: giving seat is a choice, instead of a duty.生词: pregnant 孕妇 privilege 优先权 choice 选择keys: baby crowded need unfair stronger thankful rest III. 牛津8A U4同步复习词汇Words1. ancient adj. very old; from a time long ago很久以前的；古老的，古代的e.g. The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese. 中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。 I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves. 看到年轻一代的行为举止，我觉得我太老了。【反义】modern adj. 现代的；现代化的2．times 时代；时期 e.g. In Shakespeare's times, not many people could read．在莎士比亚时代，没有多少人认识字。 【近义】 age n. 时代 3．as 像……一样，正如 e.g. She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。【指点迷津：like, as】 like和as都有“像……一样”的意思。它们的区别是： (l)like表示相似关系，但不等同；as指两者完全或几乎完全相同。 e.g. Look, I have wings just like you. 看，我和你一样有翅膀。 He works as a servant．他以一名仆人的身份工作着。 (2)as后接从句或省略的从句，但like后通常只接名词或代词。 e.g. I have the same idea as you have．我和你有相同的主意。 I have a new coat like hers．我有件和她的相似的新大衣。 (3)like常与系动词或代词搭配，如：look like，be like，like this，like that，like it。 as常与动词搭配，如：work as…，treat ...as 4．nearly 几乎，差不多 e.g. I'm nearly 16 –it’s my birthday next week. 我就快16岁了，下个礼拜是我生日。【指点迷津：almost, nearly】 两词意思均为“几乎，将近，差不多”，当与动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时，意义相近，可互换。 e.g. It's nearly suppertime.=-It's almost suppertime，快开晚饭了。 almost可与no，none，never以及nothing等不定代词连用，而nearly则不可；nearly常用在含有not的否定句中，而almost则不可与not单独连用。 e.g. There’s almost no water left in the bottle. 瓶子里水快没了。 It is not nearly so pretty as it was before. 这儿远不及以前漂亮了。 5. count 数数；计数 e.g. Can the baby count from l to 100 这个小宝宝会从1数到100吗？【知识扩展】 countable adj. 可数的；可计算的 countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的6. invent v. 发明，创造 e.g. Who invented the plane 谁发明了飞机？ Thomas Edison invented the electric light. 托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯。【知识扩展】 inventor n. 发明者；发明家 invention n.发明，发明物 His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine. 他的六千项发明中，包括电灯泡、留声机和油印机。【指点迷津：discover, invent, develop】(1) discover指“发现”，是客观存在的事物经努力后而找到的。e.g. Columbus discovered the new land-North America．哥伦布发现了北美新大陆。(2)invent指“发明”，是原本不存在的事物经科学创造后诞生。e.g. Edison invented the first light bulb．爱迪生发明了第一只灯泡。(3) develop指“开发，发展”，是指在原有基础上进一步提高、改进。e.g. The Indians first invented the number“0”，and developed the l to 9 number system. 印度人最早发明了0这个数字，从而发展了1至9这个数字系统。 7. calculate 计算 e.g. Can you calculate how much a holiday will cost 你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱？【知识拓展】calculator n. 电子计算器 e.g. A calculator is a calculating machine which helps people to calculate faster and more accurately. 计算器是一种帮助人们用来更加快速、准确计算的机器。【知识拓展】calculating adj. 计算的；与计算有关的；精明的 calculating machine计算机 calculating scale/ruler计算尺 a calculating businessman精明的商人 8. accurate 正确无误的；准确的，精确的 e.g. The witness gave an accurate description of the thief. 那个目击者准确描述了小偷的外貌。【指点迷津 accurate, correct, exact】 这三个词均含“正确”的意思。(1)accurate表示“准确的，精确的”，指“通过努力，使事情达到正确”。 e.g. He gave an accurate account of the accident. 他对事故做了准确的描述。 (2) correct为一般用语，指“正确的”。 e.g. He gave correct answers to the questions. 他为这些问题给出了正确的答案。 (3) exact表示“确切的，精确无误的”，指“与事实完全相符”。 e.g. His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。 9. electronic 电子的 e.g. electronic typewriter电子打字机 electronic watch电子表 electronic music电子音乐 Don't use an electronic dictionary in your English study. 在你的英语学习中不要使用电子词典。 10. add 加 e.g. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五得九。 Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。【友情提示】在进行加法的描述时，我们常常说4 plus 3 equals/is 7，但千万不可用add去代替plus, add是个动词，而plus是个介词。 11. subtract 减 e.g. If you subtract 3 from 8, you get 5. 八减去三就得五。【友情提示】我们同样也不能用subtract去代替minus。上面这句话我们换种方式说就是8 minus3 equals/is 5. 12. multiply 乘 e.g. 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. 6乘5等于30。 If you multiply 6 by 5, you get 30. 你用5去乘6，得到30。 13. divide除；除尽 e.g. 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5。 If you divide 30 by 6, you get 5. 如果你把30除以6，就得到5。 Three will not divide into eleven. 3除不尽11。 14. percentage 百分数；百分率；百分比 e.g. 40% is a percentage. 40%是个百分数。【知识拓展】percent (或 per cent) n. 百分比，百分数：thirty percent 百分之三十 15. powerful 强大的；强有力的; 有力量的 e.g. The car has a very powerful engine. 这辆车有强劲的引擎。 The president is very powerful. 总统享有很大的权力。【知识拓展】 power n. 能力，力量，权力 e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the power when you go out. 出去时别忘了关电源。 16．whole 完全的；完整的；全部的 e.g. He ate the whole cake. 他一个人吃了整个蛋糕。 We are going to Spain for a whole month. 我们要去西班牙一整个月。【指点迷津 whole 与all】 whole意为“全部的，整个的”，强调没有任何一个部分可以被忽视或被拆去；在句子或短语中，可用在可数名词单数前，用在冠词、所有格、指示代词之后。all意为“全部的，所有的”，可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词; 在句子或短语中，用在冠词、所有格、指示代词之前。 e.g. all the night, the whole night整夜 All the students are here. 所有学生都未了。 The whole class are here. 全班同学都到齐了。 17. against 对着，对立；不喜欢，反对，防止，预防；靠着，倚着 e.g. They played a football match against a team from another country. 他们跟另一个国家的足球队比赛。 Many people are against the plan．很多人都反对这个计划。 Have you had an injection against the disease 你注射过针对这种疾病的预防针了吗？ Put the cupboard against the wall. 把这个橱柜放在靠墙的地方。 18. living 活着的 e.g. Some people say he is the greatest living writer. 有人说他是健在的最伟大作家。【指点迷津 alive, live和living】 (1)通常情况下，alive作表语(be alive)，而living 一般放在名词前作定语用。 e.g. That great man is still alive. 那个伟人依然活着。 all living things 一切生物 Latin is not a living language。拉丁语不是现代语言。(2)live也是“有生命的，活着的”之意，但往往指动物。 e.g. a live fish 一条活鱼 此外live还有“现场直播”的意思。 e.g. a live show现场直播的节目。 19. amazing 令人惊奇的 e.g. What an amazing embroidery!多么了不起的一幅刺绣作品！It's amazing that you can't ride a bike．你不会骑车可真令人惊讶。【知识拓展】 amaze v. 使吃惊 amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊奇的 e.g. Jack amazed everyone by passing the English exam. 杰克通过英语考试使我们每个人感到惊讶。 We were amazed by his change in his study. 我们为他在学习中的变化而感到吃惊。 【友情提示】 amaze的形容词有两个，一个是amazed，一个是amazing，但用法不同，通常人做主语时用amazed，物作主语时用amazing。 e.g. It is an amazing game. 这真是一场令人惊奇的比赛。 I am amazed by his words. 我对他的话感到吃惊。【例题】 用amazed, amazing填空 (1)1 think it is an___________ animal. (2)1 am_________ how big the school is.【解析】 (l)it作主语，形容词用amazing。 (2)I作主语，形容词用amazed.【答案】 (1) amazing (2)amazed 20. instruction说明，指示，指令 e.g. Read the instructions on the box before you make the cake.制作蛋糕之前请阅读一下盒子上的说明。【例题】 -I don't know how to use this digital camera. -It doesn't matter. Here is the——， A. instruction B. direction . C, information D. advertisement【解析】 句意：——我不知道怎么使用这个数码相机。——没关系，这儿有说明。instruction“说明”，direction“方向”，information“信息”，advertisement“广告”，根据句意应选A.【答案】 A（此部分测试时间为20分钟左右，讲评时间为15分钟左右。对本次所学内容进行检测）I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.II. 选择填空 ( ) 1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard” A. Stop B. Don’t C. Can’t D. No ( ) 2.Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure ( ) 3.________ when you cross the road. A. Do care B. Care C. Do be careful D .To be careful ( ) 4. ________him the secret, will you A. Don’t tell B. Not to tell C. Not telling D .No telling ( ) 5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes. A. Not to read B. Don’t read C. Don’t to read D. Not read ( ) 6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him. A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry aboutC. Not worry for D. Don’t worry with ( )7.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest A. not they B. do not they C. don’t they D. not to ( )8 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest -- All right. A. Why not B. How about C. Why not to D. why don’t ( ) 9 ______ tell a lie. A .Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never 10.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A. not B. don’t C. aren’t D .can’t ( )11. Why don’t you join us in the game A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to ( ) 12 ______ go for the book alone, Ms. Zhang. A. Let’s B. Let me C. Let us D .Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,________ A. does he B. will he C. do you D. will you ( )14. Let’s do it at once, ________ A .shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, ________ A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do youKEYS:1. Don’t 2. Don’t make 3. Don’t speak…be 4. Don’t talk …read 5. Don’t leave 6. look 7. give 8. don’t let 9. will catch 10. not say 1-5 BDC AB 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 ACDAB（此部分10分钟左右，以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）【巩固练习】（此部分内容包含本次课所学内容相关的练习题及综合练习题。建议题量保持在30分钟左右可以完成的范围内）I. Choose the best answer.1. The TV is too loud. Please________.A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it2. _______ late again, Bill!　A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.　A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't4. Please help me carry it, ______ 　A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5. Don't make so much noise, ______ 　A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.　A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.　A. name B. named C. naming D. to name10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swimskeys: 1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBBII. Fill in the blanks with the proper words.The lucky n 1 has become increasingly popular in the modern society. For example, the number eight means big f _2__ which people like most, while the number four means death. Some people c __3__ about lucky numbers so much that they will a 4 a telephone with numbers without four and others u 5 numbers which are bad in their mind. They argue that the lucky numbers really can b 6 good luck, and, at least, no evidence testifying they can not.As far as I am concerned, there is no such r 7 between the numbers and good luck, for the reason that numbers themselves are given certain meaning for the p 8 of application of mathematics. And, in addition, man should not depend on so-called good luck which, in their mind, the numbers give them.【keys】1. number 2. fortune 3. care 4. afford 5. unlucky 6. bring 7. relationship 8. purposeIII.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.In northern China during spring, big sandstorms often make trouble for people. Sandstorms usually happen in spring. This year, sandstorms started in late 1 They have happened in more than 10 provinces in northern China this year. More than 70 million people have had problems in those places 2 the storms.People in southern China don't have to 3 this kind of bad weather. Most of the sand come from Gansu and Inner Mongolia. In northern China, lots of places have few trees and don't get 4 People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren't many trees, the ground can't keep enough 5 . Over the years, the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts, the ground becomes looser. Strong wind takes the loose sand into the sky.( )1. A. October B. July C. December D. March( )2. A. instead of B. because of C. such as D. just like( )3. A. know about B. think about C. worry about D. talk about( )4. A. much rain B. much land C. large population D. many chances( )5. A. water B. animal C. area D. sandkeys: 1-5 DBCAA
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