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新概念第二册
Lesson 25 Do the English speak English
单词精讲
railway /'re lwe /
【释义】n.铁路
【例句】There's a new railwav now from London to Paris.
如今从伦敦到巴黎有了条新铁路。
【搭配】railway station 火车站
【联想】subway n.地铁 ← railway → highway n.公路
porter /'p :t /
【释义】n.搬运工，行李员
【例句】She called a porter to help her with the heavy luggage.
她叫来一个搬运工帮她搬运沉重的行李。
【联想】reporter n.记者← porter → portable adj. 轻便的
several /'sev r l/
【释义】quantifier 几个，若干
【例句】Several questions remained unanswered.还有几个问题没有解答。
【辨析】several,some
1. several 后只能接可数名词。
There are several books on the table.（桌子上有几本书。）
2. some 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词。
如:We need some expert help.我们需要一些内行的帮助。
There are some apples in the basket.（篮子里有一些苹果。）（接可数名词）
I need some time to think about it.（我需要一些时间来考虑它。）（接不可数名词）
foreigner /'f rm /
【释义】n. 外国人
【例句】There are many foreigners here.这儿有很多外国人。
【联想】foreigner → foreign adj.外国的
wonder /'w nd /
【释义】vi. ① 感到奇怪
【例句】I was just wondering我只不过是好奇而已。
【释义】② 感到惊讶
【例句】I wonder at his doing that.
我对他那样做感到惊讶。
【释义】vt. ① 想知道
【例句】I wonder where to spend the weekend我想知道去何处度周末。
【释义】② 对……感到奇怪
【例句】You may wonder why having a horn cut offrequires anaesthetic.
你可能会觉得奇怪，为什么去掉牛角需要麻醉。
【释义】 n. ① 奇迹
【例句】The Great Wall is a wonder in the world.长城是世界的一大奇迹。
【释义】② 奇观 奇观
【例句】This natural wonder faces two threats.这样的自然奇观面临着两个威胁。
【释义】③ 惊奇
【搭配】I wonder if(whether)我想知道能否………
in wonder 惊奇地 no wonder 难怪…… wonder at 惊讶于……
【联想】wonder - wonderful adj. 极好的
↓
wander v. 徘徊
重点句型
wonderful adj 极好的，惊叹的； wonder n. 奇观 ;
wonder at sth 对 .. 感到奇怪；
i wonder why you are late.
wonder =want to know i wonder 间接；
no wonder 难怪；
several 几个
some 一些，即可以修饰可数，又可以修饰不可数
several 只能修饰可数 = a number of( 一些 )
a great number of 大量的
some time / sometime /sometimes
some time 一段时间 some time ago
sometime 某时 I will defeat you sometime.
sometimes 有时，偶尔 =occasionally
some times( 不存在这种说法 ) several times 许多次
arrive in / reach /get 到达
when will you arrive
arrive vi.
reach vt. 后面一定要加宾语
arrive at 小地点 arrive in 大地点
when will you reach (arrive in) Beijing.
get to + 宾语 到达
How can i get there
get home 到家， get there 到那
home/there 都是副词，副词跟动词连用的时候不用加介词
I arrived at last. 最终我到了。
并列的表示方法前面都用逗号隔开，最后两个用 and 连接
black 颜色（建筑物）
dark : without light 没有光线
连词，把并列句连在一起
and 和 but 但是 so 因此 yet adv. 然而 have you finished yet
yet = but 放在两个句子中间，起转折作用
or 或者，否则
hurry up, you will be late./hurry up, or you will be late.
both...and... 不但 ... 而且 both you and i ...
either...or... 或者 ... 或者，要么 ... 要么 either you or I
neither ...nor... 既不 ... 也不 neither you mor i will go .
not only ...but...as well 不但 ... 而且 ...
not only ...but also.. 不但 ... 而且 ...
not only ...but ...as well as well 放在句字结尾 , 且可以省略
连词，把并列句连到一起；
如果有两个谓语动词，加连词，成为并列；
并列连词，什么东西并列连接什么 ..
I can speak chinese i can speak english .
I can speak not only chinese but english as well . ( 宾语并列）
I can not only speak chinese but english as well .( 最喜欢的放置）
I can not only speak but write chinese as well. ( 谓语的并列）
I can speak and write Chinese .
一般遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候，习惯放在两者之间；
I not only sing but dance as well .
not only you but also i will go there ; both you and i ...
not only 喜欢放在动词的前面；
1、当主语由 and 和 both and 连接时，通常采用复数谓语动词；both you and i are good students.
2、当主语由 neither ..nor ...;either ..or ，not only ..but also 或or 连接时 ;
谓语动词与 nor ,or but also 后面的词一致，在英文语法中，这被称之为就近原则；（离动词最近的是单数就被视为单数，离动词最近的名词是复数则整个主语视为复数）neither you nor i am a good student.
until 前面和后面用一般过去时和过去完成时都可，但习惯上两个都用一般过去时；
it was ...that 是强调结构 :
it was not until then i came to know that the earth moves.
around the sum.
his father did not leave until he returned home--it was not until he returned home that his father left.
I do not get up until lunch time-it was not until lunch time that i get up.
seat 坐 / 当动词时 seat sb /somebody be seated./sit 是 vi 不能直接加宾语；
间接引语的疑问句，一般疑问句用 if 引导；
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 陈述句
wonder if 是否 i wonder if you have any spare time.
I wonder what time it is .
所有的从句都用陈述句句序；
三、课文精讲
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark.
我终于到了伦敦。火车站很大，又黑又暗。
arrive v.到达 ;
arrival n. 到达 抵达；
arrive in 大地方；
arrive at小地方；
at last 最后 终于＝ in the end, finally ;
railroad 铁路（美）railway n. 铁路；
railway station 火车站 = train station；
black 颜色黑 ;
dark 没有光线 = without light;
I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走，于是向一个搬运工打听。
the way to .. 表示去 .. 的路；
porter n. 搬运工；
know sth. well 很熟悉 ;
know-knew-known v. 知道 熟悉 ;
hotel n. 旅馆 ; youth hostel 青旅 ;
I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
我的英语讲得不但非常认真，而且咬字也非常清楚。
carefully adv. 仔细地 细心地 careful adj. ; clearly adv. 清晰地 clear adj. ;
speak-spoke-spoken v. 说某种语言；
★ not only ...but ...as well = not only ... but also ... 不但 ... 而且 ..., 所连接的前后部分成分必须一致；neither…nor…，既不 ... 又不 ...，这个结构所连接的两个否定概念也必须是对等的成分 ; either ... or ... 两者选择一个 ;
The porter, however, could not understand me.然而搬运工却不明白我的话。
however adv. 然而 却 但是 , 放句首句中句尾都可以 ；
understand-understood-understood v. 懂 理解 ;
misunderstand v. 误解 ;
I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.
我把问话重复了很多遍。他终于听懂了。
repeat v. 重复；
repetition n. 重复 重做 ;
question n. 问题 v. 问询 ;
several adj. 几个 + 可数名词 = a number of ；
a great number of 大量的 ;
several times 多次 好几遍 ;
at last 终于 = finally ;
He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ‘I am a foreigner,’ I said.他回答了，但他讲得既不慢也不清楚。“我是个外国人”我说。
answer v. 回答 = reply ;
neither ...nor ... 即不 ... 也不 ..., 这个结构连接否定概念前后必须对等；
either ... or ... 两者择一 ;
foreign adj. 外国的
外来的 = alien；
foreigner n. 外国人 ;
aborad adv. 国外 ;
alien n. 外国人 外星人 adj. 格格不入的 陌生的 外国的 ;
Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that!
于是他说得慢了，可我还是听不懂。我的老师从来不那样讲英语！
could not understand him= could not understand what he said; like prep. 像 ...; like that 像那样 , 介词短语作状语，修饰动词 spoke;
The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it.我和搬运工相视一笑。接着，他说了点什么，这回我听懂了。
porter n. 搬运工 ;
look at each other 互相看看；
smile v. n. 微笑 ; It 指 What the porter had said to the writer.
‘You'll soon learn English!’ he said.“您会很快学会英语的！”他说。
I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language.
我感到奇怪。在英国，人们各自说着一种不同的语言。
wonder v. 感到奇怪 惊叹 琢磨 想知道 n. 奇迹 奇观；
wonderful adj. 精彩的 ;
wander v. 徘徊 漫游 走神 n. 溜达 闲逛 wanderer n. 流浪者 漫游者；
different adj. 不同的 ;
difference n. ;
speak-spoke-spoken v. 说某种语言 ; speaker n. 说话的人 主讲人 话筒 ; language n. 语言 ; 不定代词
each 修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数 , 这里 person 是 people 的单数形式 ;
The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English
英国人之间相互听得懂，可我却不懂他们的话！他们说的是英语吗？
each = every 在这里可以互换；the English 英国人 , 与定冠词连用，表示一个群体，所跟的动词用复数 ;

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