新概念第二册Lesson 31 Success story讲义

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新概念第二册Lesson 31 Success story讲义

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新概念第二册
Lesson 31 Success story
单词精讲
retire /r 'ta /
【释义】vi.退休
【例句】He retired from the business when he was 60.60岁的时候他从公司退休了。
【释义】vt. 使退休
【例句】The company retired him as soon as he reached sixty.
他一到六十岁,公司就让他退休了。
【联想】retire→retirement /r 'ta ment/n.退休

tire/ta / v.(使)疲惫
company /'k mp ni/
【释义】n.①公司,商号
【例句】My father works for an oil company我父亲在一家石油公司上班。
【释义】② 作伴,陪伴
【例句】I'm very glad of your company很高兴有你陪伴。
【搭配】acompanyof一队,一组
in company 当众;一起
company with 与……同时;与……一起
【联想】company→accompany v. 陪伴

companion n. 同伴
bicycle /'ba s k l/
【释义】n.自行车
【例句】They usually go to school bybicycle.
他们通常骑自行车上学。
【联想】bicycle→motorcycle n.摩托车

recycle v.回收利用
save /se v/
【释义】vt.&vi.①积蓄,储蓄,攒钱
【例句】I saved part ofmy salary each month.我每月把工资存起来一部分。
【释义】② 救,挽救
【例句】He saved the boy from the fire.他从火中救出了那个男孩。
【释义】③ 节省,节约
【例句】We’ll take a taxi to save time.我们坐出租车,好节省时间。
【释义】④ 保留,保存
【例句】Save some food for me.给我留点吃的。
【搭配】save up 储存,储蓄 save 存钱
save a child fron drowninp 救溺水的小孩
save one's life救某人的命
save a hal
【联想】save→saving n.存款 救球 存档
workshop /'w :k p/
【释义】n.①车间;作坊
【例句】 Few work-related accidents took place in this workshop last year.
去年该车间很少发生工伤事故。
【释义】②研讨会;讲习班
【例句】
helper /'help /
【释义】n.帮手,助手
【例句】He is a good helper to his father.他是他父亲的好助手。
【联想】helpless adj无助的 ←helper→help /help/v.&n.帮助helpful adj.有帮助的
employ / m'pl /
【释义】vt,①雇用
【例句】The factory employed forty workers in all.那个工厂一共雇了四十名工人。
【释义】②应用,运用,使用:…
【例句】The police had to employ force to enter the building.
警察不得不强行进入大楼。
【搭配】be employed in doing sth.从事于;忙于(做某事)
in the employ of sb.受雇于某人
employment n.雇用

【联想】employ→employee n.雇员

employer n.雇主
【辨析】employ, hire engage
1.employ是长时间“雇用”,指雇用正式的人员。
The company employs many experienced engineers.
这家公司雇佣了许多经验丰富的工程师。
2hire是(临时或一次性)“雇用”,指雇用非正式的人员。
We hired some workers to help with the moving.我们雇了一些工人来帮忙搬家。
3.engage是(经签约)“聘用,雇用”(专业人员)从事服务性工作。
They engaged a famous lawyer to defend their case.
他们聘请了一位著名的律师来为他们的案子辩护。
grandson /gr ns n/
【释义】n.孙子;外孙
【例句】Our grandson is quite naughty.我们的外孙相当顽皮。
【链接】granddaughter 孙女;外孙女
重点句型
过去进行时与一般过去时
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比,它更强调动作的持续性,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过去进行时往往用来表示背景。
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
关于used to do的用法
used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…,but not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
I used to smoke, but I don’t any more/longer.
used to仅用于一般过去。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身。
Used he to smoke He usedn’t /used not to smoke.
但比较常用的形式是did和didn’t
Did he use to smoke He didn’t use to smoke.
在针对used to提问时,一般也用did:
课文精讲
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
was telling, 过去进行时 [was/were doing],故事或事情发生时的背景往往用进行时态 ; as conj. 在这里相当于一个时间状语从句:when/as
he was a young man. ; as 当 ... 的时候;experience n. 经历 - 可数名词 , 经验 - 不可数名词 , 实践 阅历 v. 体会 体验 经历 感受 ; experienced
adj. 有经验的 老练的 = seasoned; inexperienced adj. 无经验的 ; inexperience n. 经验不足 ;
Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company,but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。
as a boy = as he was a boy. 介词短语作状语;
head是“首领、头目”的意思,“the head of+名词”的意思是“……的老板,头”
used to do 过去经常做 , 而现在已经停止 , 不再重复的动作;
be used to doing 习惯做某事;
work v. 工作 ; work...as... 作为 ... 工作 : Frank used to work as the head of a very large business company. ;
shop n. 小作坊 商店 =store;
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.他那时的工作是修理自行车,并且通常是一天工作 14 个小时。
不定式或动名词短语作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式;repair v. 修理 ; bicycle n. 自行车 = bike;at that time = just then = at that moment;
He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
他靠多年积蓄,于 1958 年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
save v. 挽救 节省,此处为积蓄;
economize 经济节省(能用的尽量不用);
for 表示 时间 长度 距离;
workshop n. 车间 铺子;
of one's own属于某人自己的 ;
my own book= a book of my own;
用 of one's own 或 one's own 由被修饰词的位置决定,如果修饰词在前边用 of one's
own,否则用 one's own;on sb's own 独自一人 = alone; buy-bought-bought v. 购买 ;
In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers.20 多岁的时候,弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。
in his twenties 在他 20 多岁的时候 ; in one’s thirties/fourties, in one's - ies, 在某人几十多岁的时候 in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代 in my
fifties 在我五十多岁的时候 ;in one's teens 在某人十几岁时 ;make spare parts 生产零配件;helper n. 帮手 助手 = assistant ;
In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.
几年之后,小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有 728 人的大工厂。
which 引导定语从句修饰 factory; employ v. 雇佣 employee n. 雇员 employer n. 雇佣者 employment n. 就业;
underemployment n. 失业;
当 hundred, thousand 等词前加数词时,词尾不加 s, 表示确指 ; houndreds of 成百上千的;thoudsands of 成千上万的;
Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了。
remember v. 记得 想起 回忆;memory n. 记忆;memorize v.; long way to go 很长的路要走 you see , I still have a long way to go. ;
hard adj. adv. 艰难的;hard early years 早年的艰辛 long road/way to success 通往成功的长路 ; success n. 成功 ; successful adj. 成功的;
successfully adv. 成功地 ; unsuccessful adj. 不成功的;successive adj. 连续的 相继的 ; successively adv. 连续 先后 渐渐 ; succeed vi. 成功
succeed in sth. 成功做某事 ; succeed to 继承 ; successor n. 继任者 接替者 ;
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理孙子的自行车。
★ was smiling, 过去进行时 [was/were doing] 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 , 出现在 (1) 一个故事的背景 (2) 和另外一件事同时发生 ; still adv.
仍然 还 ; when 时间状语从句;★句子中想强调的部分置前或作主句,此句强调 he was still smiling;enter = go/come in; return = go back;
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 ; repair v. 修理 maintain v. 保养 ; grandson n. 孙子 granddaughter n. 孙女 ; bicycle n. 自行车 = bike;
laugh v. 笑 laugh at 嘲笑 ; laughter n. 笑 ; realize v. 领悟 理解 认识到 实现 ;
realization n. 认识 领会 领悟 ;
realizable adj. 可实现的 可行的 ;

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