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2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级期中学业质量检测试题 英语
本试卷共12页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
2.做选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3.非选择题必须使用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔，将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上指定位置作答，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第I卷
阅读理解（共两节，满50分）
第一节 （共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
Dust off your suitcase to set up your out-of-office. The UK has some hidden places worthy of a short vacation. The following are the stylish accommodations you can choose during your vacation.
The Cow Shed in Woodbridge
Mixing caravan (大篷车) life and camping together, the Cow Shed could only be designed in a child's imagination. And of course, it's situated on a farm to provide the full experience. It sleeps up to four guests, with the interior giving you warm, rustic (淳朴的) atmosphere. Toilet and shower facilities are located on the grounds.
The Badger Pod in Achiltibuie
If you really fancy going off-grid (离网), this Badger Pod in Achiltibuie, Scotland, is the place for you. In a small, remote village on the North-West coast of the Scottish Highlands, you'll be far away from all your day-to-day stresses. Sleeping two guests in an out-sized bed, it is perfect for a couple's retreat away from the family.
The Moon Conker in Llanafan-fawr
Located in a small rural village in Wales, the Moon Conker is the perfect place to unwind and rest away from busy day-to-day life and be at one with nature. Sleeping two guests in a super king-sized bed for extra comfort, you can observe the night sky through one of the many skylights in the Conker.
The Riverside Cabin in Cornwall
Situated right on the edge of a stream in prime, picturesque Cornish countryside, the Riverside Cabin is the kind of delightful escape many people dream of. This place is cosy yet airy. It's just a 20-minute drive to Falmouth, an artistic coastal town that's full of small independent bars and restaurants.
1．What is special about the Cow Shed in Woodbridge
A．It is located on a farm.
B．It has home y atmosphere.
C．Its toilet is put on the grounds.
D．It combines caravan life with camping.
2．What do the four places have in common
A．They are on the coast.
B．They sleep up to four guests.
C．They are imaginative in shapes.
D．They allow travelers to embrace nature.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．History researchers. B．Travel lovers.
C．Geography experts. D．Science fiction writers.
B
Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really annoys her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing and trash.
She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surf board in an effort to raise awareness about ocean pollution. “The feeling of catching a wave is fantastic. It’s such a mental release,” said Haske, standing on the beach waxing(上蜡) her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”
Her teacher assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske’s enthusiasm about it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student found her passion, but she did,” said the teacher. “I’m super proud of her.”
Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast-food containers and masks along the resort area beach. “It was definitely a unique challenge,”Haske said.
She landed a sponsor and raised money from friends to create the surf board, which cost about $1,000. Haske took custom orders and helped people build their own surf boards. Making one out of trash was a first for her. Nearly the entire board was made from recycled material and litter.
On Tuesday after school, Haske went out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. “It’s pretty heavy up front, but it’s going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “It’s made for large waves.”
4．Why did Haske make the surf board
A．To put trash to the best use. B．To take a surfing competition.
C．To pursue her passion for surfing. D．To draw attention to ocean pollution.
5．Which of the following can best describe Haske
A．Proud and reliable. B．Responsible and innovative.
C．Tough and faithful. D．Imaginative and desperate.
6．How did Haske make the surfboard
A．With the help of environmentalists.
B．By cooperating with her parents.
C．By using the trash collected from the beach.
D．Under the guidance of her teacher.
7．What does the underlined word “upbeat”in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Optimistic. B．Cautious. C．Peaceful. D．Discouraged.
C
It has long been believed that the smart phones in our pockets are actually making us dumb (迟钝的). Now there is evidence for it.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin discovered that people are worse at completing tasks and remembering information if a smart phone is within sight. In two experiments they found phones sitting on a desk or even in a pocket or a handbag would distract (使分心) users and lead to worse test scores even when they were set up not to disturb test subjects.
The researchers tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when they were in the presence of a smart phone to see how it affected them. They were told to complete tests in mathematics, memory and reasoning with their smart phones either on their desks, in their bags or pockets, or in another room. Those who had their phones on the desk recorded a 10 percent lower score than those who left them in a different room. Those who kept their phones further out of sight in their pockets or their bags scored only slightly better than those whose phones were placed on desks.
The researchers found that the negative effect of having a phone within sight was greater among those who said they were dependent on their smart phones. It was also found that phones could distract users even when they were turned off or when they were placed face down.
The researchers said the effect arises because part of the smart phone users’ mind is trying not to think about distractions such as whether they have any messages when the smart phone is in their line of sight.
Similar research has previously shown that smart phones can lead a “butterfly brain effect” on users that can cause mental blunders (错误).
8．The researchers at the University of Texas carries out the study to test .
A．where smart phones should be placed
B．who were dependent on smart phones
C．university students’ daily use of smart phones
D．smart phones’ effect on students’ intelligence and memory
9．What can we learn from the experiments
A．Smart phones don’t affect students if put out of sight.
B．Smart phones don’t distract students when turned off.
C．Students got lower scores in the presence of smart phones.
D．Students were distracted no matter where their phones were placed.
10．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph
A．The cause of the problem. B．The butterfly brain effect.
C．The mental blunders. D．The future research.
11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A．The harm of smart phones B．Smart phones make us dumb
C．Limit our use of smart phones D．The problem of smart phone addiction
D
For adults who have struggled with understanding new math homework or surprised at how quickly kids can learn a second language, there is new evidence that shows kids can really learn things much faster than adults.
A study published in Current Biology finds that children and adults have different concentrations of a key brain messenger called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA．This messenger slows down the brain by blocking specific signals in the body’s central nervous system. It also produces a calming effect and is thought to play a major role in controlling the overactivity of nerve cells associated with anxiety, stress and fear. All these contribute to the learning of new things.
In the study, the researchers from Brown University used neuro-imaging techniques to examine visual perceptive (视觉感知的) learning in elementary school-aged children and adults. Participants were shown a number of different images and were later asked questions about them following the test.
Visual learning caused an increase of GABA in children’s visual cortex, the area of the brain that processes visual information. However, GABA levels didn’t change in the adults who took the same visual tests. In addition, children participants kept that GABA increase for hours after training ended, while the concentrations of GABA remained the same in the adults studied.
“In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed learn more items within a given period of time than adults.” said Sebastian M. Frank, the co-author of the study. “Our results therefore point to GABA as a key player in making learning more efficient in children.”
These results, the authors argue, should encourage teachers and parents to keep giving children opportunities to learn anything from riding a bike to playing an instrument throughout their childhood.
The findings may also change neuro-scientists’ conception of brain maturity in children. “Although children’s brains are not yet fully mature and many of their behavioral and cognitive functions are not as efficient as in adults, children are not, in general, surpassed in their learning abilities by adults,” said study co-author Takeo Watanabe.
12．What’s the function of GABA
A．Send specific messages to the brain. B．Deal with complex math problems.
C．Make the nervous system more active. D．Increase efficiency in learning new things.
13．What do we know about the children taking the visual test
A．Their GABA concentrations kept increasing after training.
B．Their learning abilities still needed to be improved.
C．They could remember more images than adults.
D．They were surpassed by adults in learning abilities.
14．How did the researchers do the research
A．By comparing participants’ reaction. B．By analyzing statistics.
C．By collecting relative evidence. D．By conducting online survey
15．What does Takeo Watanabe want to say in the last paragraph
A．Neuro-scientists don’t fully understand brain maturity in children.
B．Children are not mature in their behavior and cognition.
C．It takes a long time for children’s brains to be fully mature.
D．Children’s brain maturity does not affect their learning abilities.
第二节 （共5题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
Do you feel your life is losing its passion (热情)— as though everything you do, like work and study, is boring and empty A life passion isn’t something that drops on you from the heaven or appears from thin air. 16 If you want to begin today to display your true self and regain your own passion in life, here are some measures you can take to get started.
17
Get a small pocket notebook and keep it with you. Keep the memory of times when you feel happy and fulfilled. What are you doing when you feel good Write it down in your notebook. Pay attention to what feels good to you.
Let go of should
18 I should stay in this job because I can't find a better one. I should became a teacher because my parents want me to. I should not try something new because I'll look foolish. Throw away this word from your vocabulary while on your passion search.
Appreciate your skills.
Maybe you aren't an artist at something, but you have many skills. 19 Ask your friends and parents what you are good at---no matter how small. Make a list of your skills, and make note of the skills you really enjoy.
Keep trying
The process of finding your passion may take a couple of years. You may have to try a few and give up a few things before you discover what you feel great. It may gradually surround you rather than knock you in the head. 20
A．You may not recognize them, but others do.
B．Maybe you will become stronger and more confident.
C．Recognize your joy.
D．Many people hold themselves back from happiness because of the word “should”.
E．Have patience and keep digging.
F．How can you live with passion when you have a hole in your heart
G．Discovering your passion is a process of self-discovering.
二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow and uncomfortable trains ran across this 21 country, making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of the traveler’s 22 .
Today, it’s a completely 23 picture. The country has the world’s largest network of high-speed railways. The lines of a total 37,900 kilometers across the country 24 all of its major mega-cities, and all have been completed 25 since 2008. The network is expected to double 26 again, to over 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
Much like Japan’s Shinkansen (新干线) in the 1960s, they are a symbol of the country’s rising economic power, 27 modernization, growing technological capability and increasing prosperity. But the process to today’s 28 was never easy. The large size of China and its great 29 in geology (地质) and climate have 30 the railway engineers with incredible challenges. From sometimes 31 Harbin in the far north to the always hot and humid (潮湿的) Pearl River Delta cities, and from Lanzhou to Urumqi across the Gobi Desert, China’s engineers have quickly 32 unique techniques in driving railways over, under and through whatever 33 in their path.
China’s high-speed railway system is now trying to connect 34 countries, like extending southeast to Laos and Thailand, crossing the Himalayas to India and Pakistan, and 35 Central Asian countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
21．A．ancient B．vast C．Asian D．modern
22．A．patience B．expense C．age D．heart
23．A．finished B．painted C．expensive D．different
24．A．enlarge B．combine C．link D．improve
25．A．rather B．also C．still D．just
26．A．in length B．in width C．in size D．in capacity
27．A．sudden B．vital C．rapid D．total
28．A．movement B．achievement C．agreement D．equipment
29．A．degree B．height C．diversity D．similarity
30．A．enabled B．instructed C．faced D．presented
31．A．frozen B．heated C．flooded D．stuck
32．A．borrowed B．developed C．learned D．searched
33．A．lasts B．remains C．rises D．lies
34．A．neighboring B．developing C．existing D．supporting
35．A．keeping B．helping C．reaching D．shaping
第II卷（非选择题）
三、语法填空（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 36 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 37 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 38 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 39 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, 40 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 41 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 42 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the 43 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 44 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 45 their hands.
四、书信写作（共二节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华, 你市最近新建了一个大型海洋公园——Ocean Kingdom, 请你给留学生朋友David 写一封电子邮件, 邀请他周末一起去游玩。
内容包括:
1. 写信目的;
2. 海洋主题公园活动介绍;
3. 约定见面时间及地点
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A GIFT FOR GRANDPA
Summer vacation was coming. Jack and his brother Berlin were filled with excitement as they thought of visiting their grandparents again.
The big day came at last. After the happy family got ready, they set out for the grandparents’ eagerly. On the way, the brothers were excitedly talking about the fun they had with grandparents.
A little blue house with a tall white chimney finally appeared. Behind the property was the forest carrying their good memories with Grandpa. They arrived at the driveway, at the end of which Grandma was waiting for them joyfully.
Jack and Berlin each gave Grandma a big hug and then swept to the living room, shouting excitedly “Grandpa, we are back!”
Seeing his grandsons, Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain. A helpless expression flashed on his face. Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and maybe couldn’t stand up on his own forever. But Grandpa declared stubbornly (倔强地), “I can!” Certainly, he was stuck in his boyish way. Mum and grandparents were happy to meet again after a long time. They sat together and chatted about what happened recently.
The brothers were soon bored with adult conversation, went out and wandered into the forest. Tall trees stretched up to the heavens with large branches crossing each other, while young ones rose straight like soldiers. Grandpa was once a great explorer full of wisdom. He could tell where the birds came from only by their calls and songs. The trees, birds, lizards, lots of bugs... How many merry moments they spent with Grandpa in the kingdom!
But now Grandpa couldn’t get up. This made them worried. “We’d think out a way to cheer him up.” Jack said. “Grandpa is a bird lover, and we can catch him a bird.” Berlin suggested. “But he hates birds being caged!” Jack shook his head.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then a bright idea came to Jack’s mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree!”.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级期中学业质量检测试题 英语
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D D B D B C A D C B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B D A A D G C D A E
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B A D C D A C B C D
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 A B D A C
1．D 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个值得一游的隐藏地点和它们各自的特色住宿。
1．细节理解题。根据The Cow Shed in Woodbridge部分的“Mixing caravan (大篷车) life and camping together, the Cow Shed could only be designed in a child’s imagination. (将房车生活和露营结合在一起，牛棚只能出自孩子的想象。)”可知，Cow Shed的特殊之处在于它将大篷车生活和露营结合在一起。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据The Cow Shed in Woodbridge部分的“And of course, it’s situated on a farm to provide the full experience. It sleeps up to four guests, with the interior giving you warm, rustic (淳朴的) atmosphere. (当然，它位于农场，提供完整的体验。它最多可容纳四名客人，内部给您带来温暖、淳朴的氛围。)”、The Badger Pod in Achiltibuie部分的“A small, remote village on the North - West coast of the Scottish Highlands, you’ll be far away from all your day - to - day stresses. (苏格兰高地西北海岸的一个小村庄，你将远离日常的所有压力。)”、The Moon Conker in Llanafan- fawr部分的“Located in a small rural village in Wales, the Moon Conker is the perfect place to unwind and rest away from busy day - to - day life and be at one with nature. (威尔士的一个小乡村里的“月榛子”（Moon Conker）是远离繁忙的日常生活、放松身心、与自然融为一体的理想之地。)”以及The Riverside Cabin in Cornwall部分的“Found right on the edge of a stream in prime, picturesque Cornish countryside, the Riverside Cabin is the kind of delightful escape many people dream of. This place is cosy yet airy. (河畔小屋坐落在风景如画的康沃尔乡村的一条小溪边，是许多人梦寐以求的那种令人愉快的逃避。这个地方既舒适又通风。)”可知，这四个地方都允许旅行者拥抱自然，这是它们的共同点。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Dust off your suitcase to set up your out - of - office. The UK has some hidden places worthy of a short vacation. The following are the stylish accommodations you can choose during your vacation. (把你的行李箱擦干净，开始你的假期吧。英国有一些隐藏的地方值得一游。以下是你度假时可以选择的时尚住宿。)”可知，文章主要介绍了英国四个值得一游的隐藏地点和它们各自的特色住宿，因此可以推断其目标人群是那些旅游爱好者。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mallory Haske利用海边捡的垃圾来制作冲浪板，并借此提醒人们注意保护环境的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surf board in an effort to raise awareness about ocean pollution. (她收集了海滩上的垃圾，并用它制作了一个冲浪板，以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。)”可知，Haske 制作冲浪板是因为她想以此来提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段中“So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing and trash. (因此，当她的高中英语老师布置了一个充满激情的项目时，哈斯克想出了一个创造性的想法，将冲浪和垃圾联系在一起。)”以及第二段第一句“She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surf board in an effort to raise awareness about ocean pollution. (她收集了海滩上的垃圾，并用它制作了一个冲浪板，以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。)”可知，Haske注意海洋环境保护，是一个有责任心的人，用垃圾制作冲浪板说明有创意。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast-food containers and masks along the resort area beach. (整个冬天，即将毕业的哈斯克在度假区的海滩上收集垃圾，包括烟头、瓶盖、快餐容器和口罩。)”和第五段最后一句“Nearly the entire board is made from recycled material and litter. (几乎整个板子都是由回收材料和垃圾制成的)”可知，Haske的冲浪板是由她在海边捡到的垃圾制作成的。故选C项。
7．词句猜测题。通过画线词的前半句“The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. ‘It’s pretty heavy up front, but it’s going to be my best friend,’ Haske said after coming out of the water. ‘It’s made for large waves.’ (她自己做的冲浪板的前端一直在水下，但哈斯克保持upbeat。哈斯克从水里出来后说：‘它在前面很沉，但它将成为我最好的朋友。它是为大浪而造的。’)”可知，虽然冲浪板不太好用，前端无法翘出水面，但Haske依旧很喜欢这块板，认为它适合大浪时的冲浪，upbeat应与upbeat意思相近，表示“乐观的，积极的”。故选A项。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，智能手机会降低人们的智力和注意力，从而会让我们变得迟钝。
8．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The researchers tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when they were in the presence of a smart phone to see how it affected them. (研究人员对520名大学生在使用智能手机时的记忆力和智力进行了测试，以了解智能手机对他们的影响。)”可知，研究者主要研究智能手机对学生智力和记忆的影响。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Those who had their phones on the desk recorded a 10 percent lower score than those who left them in a different room. (那些把手机放在桌子上的人的得分比那些把手机留在另一个房间的人低10%。)”可知，学生们在有智能手机的情况下得分较低。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Similar research has previously shown that smart phones can lead a‘butterfly brain effect’ on users that can cause mental blunders (错误).(此前类似的研究表明，智能手机会对用户产生‘蝴蝶大脑效应’，从而导致精神错误。)”可知，下段可能会讲‘蝴蝶大脑效应’。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“It has long been believed that the smart phones in our pockets are actually making us dumb (迟钝的). Now there is evidence for it.(长期以来，人们一直认为口袋里的智能手机实际上让我们变得迟钝。现在有证据证明了这一点。)”和第二段“Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin discovered that people are worse at completing tasks and remembering information if a smart phone is within sight. In two experiments they found phones sitting on a desk or even in a pocket or a handbag would distract (使分心) users and lead to worse test scores even when they were set up not to disturb test subjects.(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员发现，如果智能手机在视线范围内，人们在完成任务和记忆信息方面会更差。在两项实验中，他们发现放在桌子上，甚至放在口袋或手提包里的手机会分散用户的注意力，并导致更差的考试成绩，即使它们被设置为不打扰受试者。)”以及后文可知，本文讲研究表明，智能手机实际上降低人们的智力和注意力，从而会让我们变得迟钝，所以B项Smart phones make us dumb(智能手机让我们变迟钝)符合语境。故选B项。
12．D 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对于那些很难理解新的数学作业或对孩子学习第二语言的速度感到惊讶的成年人来说，有新的证据表明，孩子学习东西的速度真的比成年人快得多。解释了研究开展的经过和发现。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study published in Current Biology finds that children and adults have different concentrations of a key brain messenger called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. This messenger slows down the brain by blocking specific signals in the body’s central nervous system. It also produces a calming effect and is thought to play a major role in controlling the overactivity of nerve cells associated with anxiety, stress and fear. All these contribute to the learning of new things.(发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究发现，儿童和成人大脑中一种名为γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）的关键信使的浓度不同。这种信使通过阻断身体中枢神经系统中的特定信号来减慢大脑的速度。它还具有镇静作用，被认为在控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相关的神经细胞的过度活动方面发挥着重要作用。所有这些都有助于学习新事物)”可知，GABA的功能是提高学习新事物的效率。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“In addition, children participants kept that GABA increase for hours after training ended, while the concentrations of GABA remained the same in the adults studied.(此外，儿童参与者在训练结束后的几个小时内GABA的浓度都在增加，而成人参与者的GABA浓度则保持不变)”可知，参加视力测试的孩子训练后GABA浓度持续升高。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed learn more items within a given period of time than adults.(在随后的行为实验中，我们发现孩子们在一段时间内确实比成年人学到了更多的东西)”可知，研究人员通过比较参与者的反应进行研究。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings may also change neuro-scientists’ conception of brain maturity in children. “Although children’s brains are not yet fully mature and many of their behavioral and cognitive functions are not as efficient as in adults, children are not, in general, surpassed in their learning abilities by adults,” said study co-author Takeo Watanabe.(这一发现也可能改变神经科学家对儿童大脑成熟度的看法。研究报告的合著者Takeo Watanabe说：“虽然儿童的大脑还没有完全成熟，他们的许多行为和认知功能还没有成年人那么有效，但总的来说，儿童的学习能力并没有被成年人超越。”)”可知，Takeo Watanabe在最后一段想说儿童大脑的成熟度并不影响他们的学习能力。故选D。
16．G 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．E
这是一篇说明文，介绍了找回生活热情的方法。
16．根据上文“A life passion isn’t something that drops on you from the heaven or appears from thin air.( 生活热情不是从天而降，也不是凭空出现的)”表示，生活热情不是自然而生的，G项内容可以承接上文，表示发现你的热情是一个自我发现的过程，是可以通过发现自我，认识自我的过程获得热情，呼应下文“If you want to begin today to display your true self and regain your own passion in life, here are some measures you can take to get started.( 如果你想从今天开始，展现真实的自己，重获生活的热情，你可以采取以下一些措施)”及最后一段首句“The process of finding your passion may take a couple of years.( 找到激情的过程可能需要几年的时间)”，找回生活激情是一个过程，是有方法的。故选G项。
17．此处为第二段的小标题，应概括第二段“Get a small pocket notebook and keep it with you. Keep the memory of times when you feel happy and fulfilled. What are you doing when you feel good Write it down in your notebook. Pay attention to what feels good to you.( 随身携带一个袖珍笔记本。记住那些你感到快乐和充实的时光。当你感觉良好的时候，你在做什么 把它记在你的笔记本上。注意什么让你感觉良好)”，拿起笔记录下快乐时刻的感想，C项Recognize your joy.识别快乐，符合语境，故选C项。
18．本段小标题Let go of should表示舍弃各种“应该”，D项Many people hold themselves back from happiness because of the word “should”.（许多人因为“应该”这个词而阻碍了自己的幸福）should 呼应了标题，衔接下文的具体举例。让一些自己不喜欢却又认为应该的事情磨灭自己的生活热情。故选D项。
19．根据上文“Maybe you aren't an artist at something, but you have many skills.( 也许你不是某方面的艺术家，但你有很多技能)”,A项You may not recognize them, but others do.中“them”呼应代指skills，others呼应下文friends，自己不知道自己的擅长的技能，可以去问我朋友。故选A项。
20．根据上文“The process of finding your passion may take a couple of years.( 找到激情的过程可能需要几年的时间)”，找回生活激情是一个漫长的过程，不会一蹴而就，需要耐心，不断尝试。E项内容承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国高铁建设所取得的成就和对前景的展望。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：慢而不舒服的火车在这个辽阔的国家穿行，像上海到北京这样的旅程是对旅客耐心的考验。A. ancient古代的；B. vast辽阔的；C. Asian亚洲的；D. modern现代的。根据地理常识和后文“The large size of China”可知，中国幅员辽阔。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：慢而不舒服的火车在这个辽阔的国家穿行，像上海到北京这样的旅程是对旅客耐心的考验。A. patience耐心；B. expense费用；C. age年龄；D. heart心。由前文“Slow and uncomfortable trains…”可知，以前的火车又慢又不舒服，所以从上海到北京的旅程是对旅客耐心的考验。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，情况完全不同了。A. finished完成的；B. painted油漆的，着色的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. different不同的。由后文“The country has the world’s largest network of high-speed railways. ”和下文描述可知，现在中国铁路的现状与过去不同了。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国高铁线路全长3.79万公里，连接了全国所有的大城市，所有的线路都是2008年刚建成的。A. enlarge扩大；B. combine结合；C. link连接；D. improve改善，提高。根据空后“all of its major mega-cities”可知，中国高铁线连接了全国所有大城市。故选C。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：中国高铁线路全长3.79万公里，连接了全国所有的大城市，所有的线路都是2008年刚建成的。A. rather相当；B. also也；C. still依然；D. just刚才，那时。此处指这3.79万公里的高铁线于2008年那时建好。故选D。
26．考查介词短语辨析。句意：预计到2035年，中国铁路长度将再翻一番，达到7万公里以上。A. in length长度；B. in width宽度；C. in size尺寸；D. in capacity容量。由空后“to over 70,000 kilometers”可知，此处指中国铁路长度将再翻一番。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像20世纪60年代日本的新干线一样，它们象征着这个国家日益增长的经济实力、快速的现代化、日益增长的技术能力和日益繁荣的经济。A. sudden突然的；B. vital重要的；C. rapid快速的；D. total全部的，完全的。根据常识可知，中国高铁建设速度加快意味着中国的现代化进程加快。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但取得今天的成就的过程从来都不容易。A. movement运动；B. achievement成就；C. agreement同意；D. equipment设备。由后文描述修建铁路的困难可知，中国高铁建设取得的成就绝非易事。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国幅员辽阔，地质和气候多样，这给铁路工程师带来了难以置信的挑战。A. degree程度；B. height高度；C. diversity多样性；D. similarity相似性。根据空前“The large size of China”可知，因为中国幅员辽阔，所以地质和气候多样性。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国幅员辽阔，地质和气候多样，这给铁路工程师带来了难以置信的挑战。A. enabled使能够；B. instructed指导，指示；C. faced面临；D. presented提出，给予。前文提到中国幅员辽阔，地质和气候多样，所以这给铁路工程师带来了难以置信的挑战。故选D。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从有时寒冷的北方城市哈尔滨，到总是炎热潮湿的珠江三角洲城市，从兰州到乌鲁木齐穿越戈壁沙漠，中国的工程师们迅速开发出了独特的技术，可以让铁路在任何道路上穿行。A. frozen寒冷的；B. heated热烈的；C. flooded被水淹的；D. stuck卡住的。根据生活常识可知，哈尔滨是寒冷的北方城市。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从有时寒冷的北方城市哈尔滨，到总是炎热潮湿的珠江三角洲城市，从兰州到乌鲁木齐穿越戈壁沙漠，中国的工程师们迅速开发出了独特的技术，可以让铁路在任何道路上穿行。A. borrowed借入；B. developed发展，开发；C. learned学习；D. searched寻找。根据空后“unique techniques in driving railways over,”可知，铁路工程师开发了独特的技术用于铁路建设。故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从有时寒冷的北方城市哈尔滨，到总是炎热潮湿的珠江三角洲城市，从兰州到乌鲁木齐穿越戈壁沙漠，中国的工程师们迅速开发出了独特的技术，可以让铁路在任何道路上穿行。A. lasts持续；B. remains依然是；C. rises升起；D. lies位于，伸展。前文提到中国的工程师们迅速开发出了独特的技术，这样铁路在任何道路上穿行。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国的高铁系统正试图连接周边国家，比如向东南延伸到老挝和泰国，穿过喜马拉雅山脉到达印度和巴基斯坦，并到达哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦等中亚国家。A. neighboring周边的；B. developing发展中的；C. existing现存的；D. supporting支持的。根据常识可知，老挝和泰国是中国周边的国家。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国的高铁系统正试图连接周边国家，比如向东南延伸到老挝和泰国，穿过喜马拉雅山脉到达印度和巴基斯坦，并到达哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦等中亚国家。A. keeping保持；B. helping帮助；C. reaching延伸，到达；D. shaping塑造。根据空后“ Central Asian countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.”可知，中国高铁将会到达中亚地区的哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦。故选C。
36．and 37．be made 38．to create 39．using 40．as/when 41．gradually 42．who 43．development 44．were 45．with
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从筷子使用的范围，制作筷子的方式和方法，筷子使用的历史及其发展等几方面来展开论述的。
36．考查并列连词。句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的“饭碗”文化，食物通常用筷子吃。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系。故填and。
37．考查被动语态。句意：精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。make和名词chopsticks之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，be made of“由……制成”为固定搭配，在情态动词might之后，故填be made。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to create。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝搅拌食物。故填using。该句的谓语是cooked，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，use与其逻辑主语People之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填using。
40．考查连词。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点。根据the population grew与people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly是两个完整的句子，空处应用连词，根据Over time以及句意可知，空处应用表示“随着”的连词as或者表示“当……时候”的连词when。故填as/when。
41．考查副词。句意：用逐渐变成筷子的细枝可以很容易地吃到小块的食物。修饰动词短语turned into应用副词。故填gradually。
42．考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为，大约生活在公元前551年至479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius，指代人，用关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
43．考查名词。句意：有些人认为，大约生活在公元前551年至479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空前the可知，此处应用名词形式。故填development。
44．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：孔子认为刀具会让人想起杀戮和太暴力，不能在餐桌上使用。分析可知，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，空处应用动词的过去式与would并列。主谓一致，故填were。
45．考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法——用手拿。根据句意，此处应用表示“用”的介词with，with＋表示具体工具的名词，表示“用……”。故填with。
46．Dear David,
I have a piece of good news that a new theme park, Ocean Kingdom has been open to the public, and I am writing to invite you to visit it this Sunday.
In this park, not only can we see a wide variety of marine creatures, especially some rare marine animals, but also we can enjoy their wonderful performances. Through this visit, we can learn more about oceanic culture and enrich our knowledge about it. Last but not least, please remember we will meet at the school gate at 10:00 am and set off by bus. I am sure we’ll have a good time there. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生朋友David写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末一起游玩。内容包括：写信目的；海洋主题公园活动介绍；约定见面的时间和地点。
解析：1.词汇积累
参观：visit→pay a visit to
各种各样的：a variety of →various
愉快的：good→pleasant
出发：set off→start off
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, please remember we will meet at the school gate at 10:00am and set off by bus.
拓展句：Last but not least, please remember we will meet at the school gate at 10:00 am and set off by bus, which is the most important thing.
47． Then a bright idea came to Jack’s mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree!” Berlin thought it was a good idea. When the two brothers reached an agreement, they quickly ran back to their grandfather’s house, got the tools they needed to make the cane, and ran back to the woods. In the woods, they worked hard to find a straight tree and set to work. After cutting the tree down, they took the bark (树皮) off with a knife. After an hour, a hand-made cane was finally made, which was smooth and was just of the right size. The two brothers were sure that their grandpa would love it!
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa. The moment grandpa took the cane with shaking hands, he cried with joy, “This is made by my grandsons themselves. How precious it is!” Jack shouted, “Grandpa, we hope this cane will help you stand up and come with us to explore the woods!” Grandpa smiled at the boys and seized the cane in his right hand, trying to stand up. To their amazement, he did it! Everyone was excited to see grandpa stand up. At that moment, Jack noticed grandfather’s eyes were wet. What a wonderful gift he had ever got!
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了暑假Jack和Berlin兄弟俩去看望爷爷奶奶，却发现爷爷因健康问题无法站起来，后来Jack和Berlin去森林闲逛时想起了爷爷曾经带他们在这里度过的快乐时光，他们很担心，Berlin提议给爷爷抓一只鸟放在笼子里，遭到了Jack的否定。
解析：1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这时，Jack想到了一个好主意。”可知，第一段可描写Jack提议给爷爷做拐杖以及他们的制作过程。
②由第二段首句内容“Jack和Berlin把拐杖递给爷爷。”可知，第二段可描写爷爷收到拐杖后的反应以及爷爷借助拐杖成功站起来。
2.续写线索：建议做拐杖——制作过程——交给爷爷——爷爷站起来——众人反应——注意到爷爷眼睛湿润
3.词汇激活
行为类
①达成协议：reach an agreement/make an agreement
②喊：shout/yell
③帮助：help/assist
情绪类
①高兴：joy/happiness
②惊讶：amazement/surprise

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