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近三年高考英语常考单词和词组
动词及动词短语
基础常用类：
be：be addicted to对……上瘾，be concerned about关心，be content with对……满意，be engaged in从事于，be equal to等于；胜任等。
have：have access to有机会使用，have an impact on对……有影响，have difficulty in doing做某事有困难，have mercy on怜悯等。
do：do harm to对……有害，do one's best尽力，do without没有……也行等。
make：make a difference有影响；起作用，make up for弥补，make sense有意义；讲得通，make sure确保等。
take：take part in参加，take the place of代替，take into account考虑到，take pride in以……为傲等。
get：get along with与……相处，get rid of摆脱，get through通过；完成；接通电话等。
go：go through经历；经受，go in for参加；爱好，go without没有……也行等。
come：come across偶然遇到，come up with提出；想出，come to an end结束等。
give：give up放弃，give in屈服；让步，give out分发；发出等。
情感态度类：
appreciate：欣赏；感激，如I really appreciate your help.
resent：怨恨；厌恶，如He resents being treated like that. admire：钦佩；羡慕，如I admire her for her courage.
sympathize：同情，如I sympathize with you in your misfortune.
criticize：批评；指责，如He was criticized for his carelessness.
动作行为类：
grasp：抓住；理解，如He grasped my hand tightly. / She quickly grasped the main idea of the passage.
drag：拖；拉，如He dragged the heavy box across the floor.
push：推；推动，如Please push the door open.
pull：拉；拔，如Pull the plug out of the socket.
throw：扔；投；抛，如Don't throw stones at the window.
学习认知类：
master：掌握；精通，如He has mastered several foreign languages.
memorize：记住；背熟，如You should memorize these words and phrases.
recognize：认出；承认，如I recognized him at once.
realize：意识到；实现，如He didn't realize his mistake until I told him.
doubt：怀疑；疑惑，如I doubt whether he will come or not.
达成实现类：
fulfill：履行；实现，如He fulfilled his promise at last.
accomplish：完成；实现，如They accomplished the task successfully.
attain：达到；获得，如He attained his goal after years of hard work.
complete：完成；使完整，如Have you completed your homework
名词及名词短语
人物身份类：
graduate：毕业生；研究生，如He is a graduate of Harvard University.
employer：雇主；老板，如His employer is very strict with him.
employee：雇员；雇工，如She is an efficient employee.
customer：顾客；客户，如The shop has many customers every day.
passenger：乘客；旅客，如There are many passengers on the bus.
事物名称类：
vehicle：车辆；交通工具，如Cars and buses are common vehicles.
device：装置；设备；仪器，如This device can help you save a lot of time.
tool：工具；器具，如A hammer is a useful tool.
instrument：仪器；乐器，如He can play several musical instruments.
facility：设施；设备，如The school has excellent sports facilities.
抽象概念类：
ambition：野心；雄心；抱负，如His ambition is to become a famous scientist.
motivation：动机；动力，如What's your motivation for learning English
attitude：态度；看法，如He has a positive attitude towards life.
concept：概念；观念，如The concept of time is different in different cultures.
principle：原则；原理；准则，如We should follow the principles of honesty and fairness.
情感心理类：
anxiety：焦虑；忧虑，如He is filled with anxiety about the future.
depression：沮丧；抑郁，如She suffered from depression after losing her job.
enthusiasm：热情；热心，如He showed great enthusiasm for the project.
frustration：挫折；挫败，如He felt great frustration when he failed the exam.
satisfaction：满意；满足，如She got great satisfaction from helping others.
数量统计类：
percentage：百分比；百分率，如What's the percentage of students who passed the exam
proportion：比例；部分，如The proportion of men to women in this company is 3:2.
average：平均数；平均水平，如The average temperature in this month is 25℃.
total：总数；合计，如The total number of students in our school is 2000.
sum：金额；总数；和，如He spent a large sum of money on the car.
形容词及形容词短语
描述人物性格品质类：
generous：慷慨的；大方的，如He is very generous with his money.
mean：吝啬的；小气的，如Don't be so mean to others.
outgoing：外向的；友好的，如She is an outgoing girl.
introverted：内向的；含蓄的，如He is a little introverted.
reliable：可靠的；可信赖的，如He is a reliable friend.
描述事物特征类：
smooth：光滑的；平稳的，如The road is very smooth.
rough：粗糙的；崎岖不平的，如The surface of the table is rough.
sharp：锋利的；尖锐的，如Be careful with that sharp knife.
blunt：钝的；不锋利的，如This pencil is blunt. solid：固体的；坚固的，如This is a solid building.
表达情感态度类：
delighted：高兴的；快乐的，如He was delighted to hear the news.
frustrated：沮丧的；挫败的，如She looked frustrated after failing the exam.
angry：生气的；愤怒的，如He was angry with me for being late.
pleased：高兴的；满意的，如I'm pleased with your performance.
bored：无聊的；厌烦的，如He is bored with this movie.
形容程度类：
slight：轻微的；少量的，如There is a slight difference between them.
considerable：相当大的；重要的，如He has made considerable progress in English.
tremendous：巨大的；极大的，如This is a tremendous change.
moderate：适度的；温和的，如We should take moderate exercise.
excessive：过多的；过度的，如Excessive drinking is harmful to health.
表示状态类：
conscious：意识到的；有意识的，如He was conscious of his mistake.
unconscious：无意识的；失去知觉的，如He fell unconscious after the accident.
awake：醒着的；清醒的，如I was awake all night.
asleep：睡着的；熟睡的，如The baby is asleep.
alive：活着的；有生气的，如He is still alive after the disaster.
副词及副词短语
时间频率类：
frequently：频繁地；经常地，如He frequently goes to the library.
occasionally：偶尔；间或，如I occasionally go shopping on weekends.
rarely：很少地；罕见地，如He rarely makes mistakes.
seldom：很少；不常，如She seldom watches TV.
constantly：不断地；时常地，如He is constantly working hard.
地点方位类：
upstairs：在楼上；向楼上，如He went upstairs to his bedroom.
downstairs：在楼下；向楼下，如She is waiting downstairs.
indoors：在室内；进入室内，如It's raining. Let's go indoors.
outdoors：在户外；在野外，如He likes to play outdoors.
abroad：在国外；到国外，如He has never been abroad.
程度修饰类：
extremely：极其；非常，如This book is extremely interesting.
fairly：相当地；还算，如He is fairly good at English.
rather：相当；宁可，如I would rather stay at home.
pretty：非常；很，如She is pretty beautiful.
nearly：几乎；差不多，如He is nearly as tall as his father.
方式方法类：
carefully：小心地；仔细地，如Please read the text carefully.
carelessly：粗心地；不小心地，如He made a lot of mistakes because he did it carelessly.
easily：容易地；轻易地，如He can easily solve this problem.
hardly：几乎不；简直不，如I can hardly believe it.
gradually：逐渐地；逐步地，如He gradually improved his English.
逻辑关系类：
moreover：此外；而且，如He is clever, and moreover, he is hardworking.
however：然而；可是，如He studied hard. However, he still failed the exam.
therefore：因此；所以，如He was ill. Therefore, he didn't go to school.
otherwise：否则；要不然，如You should hurry up. Otherwise, you will be late.
meanwhile：与此同时；在此期间，如He was reading a book. Meanwhile, his mother was cooking dinner.
介词及介词短语
时间介词：
during：在……期间，如He traveled a lot during the summer vacation.
within：在……之内，如You should finish the work within two hours.
beyond：超过；在……之外，如This problem is beyond my ability.
till：直到，如He didn't leave till midnight.
since：自从，如I have lived here since 2000.
地点介词：
inside：在……里面，如There is a cat inside the box.
outside：在……外面，如He is waiting outside the classroom.
beside：在……旁边，如She sat beside me.
between：在……之间，如There is a river between the two villages.
among：在……之中，如He is the tallest among the boys.
方式介词：
via：通过；经由，如I sent the letter via email.
by means of：用；依靠，如He succeeded by means of hard work.
through：通过；穿过，如We can get information through the Internet.
with the help of：在……的帮助下，如With the help of my teacher, I made great progress.
in terms of：就……而言，如In terms of money, he is very rich.
原因介词：
owing to：由于；因为，如Owing to the bad weather, the match was canceled.
due to：由于；应归于，如His failure is due to his laziness.
because of：因为；由于，如He was late because of the traffic jam.
on account of：由于；因为，如He couldn't come on account of his illness.
thanks to：多亏；由于，如Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.
其他常用介词短语：
in addition to：除……之外，如In addition to English, he also learns French.
apart from：除……之外；此外，如Apart from his parents, he has no other relatives.
according to：根据；按照，如According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
in spite of：尽管；不管，如In spite of the difficulties, he never gave up.
instead of：代替；而不是，如I will go instead of you.
连词
并列连词：
both…and…：既……又……，如He is both clever and hardworking.
either…or…：要么……要么……，如You can either stay or leave.
neither…nor…：既不……也不……，如He likes neither apples nor bananas.
not only…but also…：不但……而且……，如He is not only good at math but also interested in English.
as well as：也；和……一样，如He as well as his parents likes music.
从属连词：
although/though：虽然；尽管，如Although it was raining heavily, he still went to school.
even if/even though：即使；尽管，如Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go shopping.
as long as：只要，如As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
in case：万一；假使，如Take an umbrella in case it rains.
provided/providing that：假如；倘若，如I will go with you provided that I have time.

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