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Unit13 We’re trying to save the earth.
考点1 fish和catch的用法
【教材原句】 There were no more fish for fishermen to catch.不再有鱼让渔民去捕。
【句型剖析】fish名词，此处意为“鱼"。
【注意】①fish表示同一种类的鱼时，其单复数同形：
例：a fish一条鱼，two fish两条鱼，
②表示不同种类的鱼时复数加-es：
例：These are three fishes.这是三种鱼.
③作“鱼肉"讲时，为不可数名词：
例：apiece of fish一块鱼肉。
【句型剖析】catch动词，意为“抓住"， 其第三人称单数形式为catches， 其过去式为caught。
例：Cats like catching mice. 猫喜欢捉老鼠.
【习惯搭配】catch the train 赶火车 catch up with 赶上 catch a cold 感冒
【经典练】
They want to have some ________ for supper, so they decide to catch ________ now.
A．fish; much B．fish; many C．fishes; many
【写作佳句】
But if it catches a virus, it’ll cause much trouble. .
考点2.bottom的用法
【教材原句】Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河底都充满了垃圾。
【句型剖析】bottom名词，意为“底部； 最下部”.常构成短语at the bottom of...，意为“在...的底部”，其反义词组为at the top of意为“在......顶端.
例：There's a hole at the bottom of the flowerpot. 花盆底部有个洞.
【知识拓展】
①表示“在......的底部”时，有时根据语境也可用介词in或on。
例：There is some tea left in the bottom of the cup.
有些茶叶留在了杯子底部。(指杯子内部的底部)
There is some dust on the bottom of the cup.
杯子底部有一些尘土，(指杯子外部的底部)
②bottom还可作形容词， 意为“最下面的， 最末的"，
例：Plates are on the bottom shelf. 盘子在最下层搁板上。
【经典练】
The water is so clear that we can see the ________ of the river.
A．bottom B．top C．back D．middle
考点 3.used to be的用法
【教材原句】But it used to be so clean! 但它过去是那么干净!
【句型剖析】used to be“过去是......"；used to dos th.“过去常常做某事"，它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去经常性、习惯性的动作，并意味着这种状态或动作目前已存在。
例：He used to bean English teacher. 他过去是一名英语老师。
He used to swim in the river when he was a child.他是一个小孩子的时候，常常在这条河里游泳。
【知识拓展】
①used to的否定形式是didn't use to或used n't to，
例：She didn't use to/used n't to like dancing.她过去不喜欢跳舞。
②used to...句子变为一般疑问句时，可以用Did sb.use to... 或Used sb.to...
例：-Did you use to/Used you to play the piano 你过去经常弹钢琴吗
-Yes, I did/used to. 是的，我经常弹。
-No,I didn’t(use to) . 不，我不经常弹。
③反意疑问句的陈述部分有used to时， 附加疑问部分可以用didn't或used n't.
例：-Tom used to get up early，didn't/usedn't he 汤姆过去常常早起， 不是吗
-Yes,he did/used to. 是的，他过去是这样。
-No,he didn’t/usedn’t to. 不是，他过去不是这样的。
【经典练】
There ________ a lot of rubbish in the empty place, but it’s a nice park instead and I ________ a walk in it.
A．used to have, am used to taking B．used to be, am used to take
C．used to be, am used to taking D．used to have, am used to take
【写作佳句】
I used to be quiet and shy，but now I'm more outgoing than before because I have made lots of new friends.
考点4. litter的用法
【教材原句】Yes，but people are throwing litter into the river.是的，但人们正把垃圾扔进河里。
【句型剖析】litter作不可数名词，意为“垃圾；废弃物”，
例：You can't drop litter in the garden.你不能在花园里扔垃圾。
辨析litter， garbage， rubbish与waste
litter 指四处乱丢的东西和杂物
garbage 专指厨房中的残羹剩饭等必须清除的垃圾
rubbish 指残骸、废物等普通垃圾，特意集中起来以便清除
waste 指任何披丢弃的东西
例：Please don't drop litter. 请不要乱扔垃圾，
Don't forget to takeout the garbage after dinner. 晚饭后不要忘记把垃圾带出去.
You'd better not throw the rubbish on the ground. 你最好不要把垃圾扔在地上，
Waste is also becoming more and more hazardous废弃物的危害也变得越来越大。
【经典练】
Which sign means “No littering”
A． B． C． D．
【写作佳句】
And they also knew to put litter in different bins..
考点5.turn...into的用法
【教材原句】This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.这将把美丽的地方变成丑陋的地方。
【句型剖析】turn...into...为固定短语，意为“把......变成......".
例：I can tum the liquid into the gas. 我能把液体变成气体，
辨析：turn into与change into
turn into 既指形式上的改变，也表示状态上本质的改变
change into 更强调外在形式上的改变
例：Water turns into ice. 水变成冰。
He changed into the working clothes. 他换上了工作服。
【经典练】
—Do you like the magic show
—Yeah, I like it very much. The hat ________ a pigeon by the magician. That’s amazing.
A．was turned into B．was turning into C．turned into D．turns into
考点6.advantage的用法
【教材原句】There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车有其他优点。
【句型剖析】advantage可数名词，意为“优点；有利条件".其反义词为disadvantage，意为“劣势，不利条件"，
例：What is the advantage of using nuclear power 使用核能的优点是什么
【知识拓展】
与advantage与有关的短语：
take advantage of利用
be of advantage to对......有利
have advantage over优于，胜过
【经典练】
I don’t see any advantage in doing it.
A．kindness B．benefit C．weakness
【写作佳句】
One of the advantages of online teaching is that the video lesson can be played back after class.
考点7.make difference和lead to的用法
【教材原句】So together，our actions can make a difference and lead to better future!
因此，齐心协力，我们的行动就能起作用，就会创造一个更加美好的未来!
【句型剖析】make difference意为“起作用；有影响”，其后可接介词to，构成短语make difference to， 表示对某人或某事物有影响。
例：A kind smile can make a big difference. 一个善意的微笑会产生很大的影响。
【知识拓展】
有关make的常用短语：
make the bed铺床 make tea沏茶
make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生
make noise制造噪音 make sure务必
make trouble惹麻烦 make money赚钱
make a visit拜访 make a telephone call打电话
make a decision做决定
【句型剖析】lead to为固定短语，意为“引起(结果等) ".
例：Eating too much salt can lead to health problems.吃太多盐会引起健康问题，
知识拓展
①lead sb.to do sth.意为“致使某人做某事"
例：What led you to think so 什么使你这样想呢
②leads b.to someplace意为“带领某人去某地”
例：The road leads you to the station.这条路指引你去往车站。
【经典练】
—Everyone’s work makes a difference to a new Shenzhen.
—Sure. Everyone should do something to make our city better.
A．makes a mess of B．has an effect on C．turns over
【写作佳句】
Staying up late is bad for your health and will lead to memory loss..
考点8.hear of的用法
【教材原句】Many have heard of shark fin soup.很多人都听说过鱼翅汤。
【句型剖析】hear of意为“听说，听到”，相当于hear about。 例如：
I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。
【拓展】hear; hear of与hear from的辨析：
(1) hear“听见，听说”。当“听见”讲时，强调结果，可直接带宾语或用于hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意为“听见某人/某物（在）做某事”，当“听说”时，后面常接从句。例如：
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗？
I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。
(2) hear of“听说，得知”，后面接名词或代词，指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如：
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim不知去向，没有人再听到他的消息。
(3) hear from“收到……来信”，后面常接人作宾语。例如：
Have you ever heard from your pen pal 你是否收到过笔友的来信。
【经典练】
—Have you ________ Harry Potter before
—Yes, I have.
A．heard from B．heard of C．heard over
考点9.whole和each time的用法
【教材原句】But do you realize that you're killing a whole shark each time you enjoy bowl of shark fin soup
但是你意识到每当你享受一碗鱼翅羹时，你正在杀死一整条鲨鱼了吗
【句型剖析】whole此处作形容词，意为“全部的，所有的"，其结构为“限定词+whole+名词".
例：He worked the whole night. 他工作了整整一个晚上。
辨析：whole与all
whole 放在冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之后。在单数可数名词前一般用whole，但在物质名词前则不用whole；在时间名词(如day，week，month， year等) 以及季节名词(spring， summer， autumn，winter) 之前， all与whole两者都可用(注意冠词的位置)。
all 放在冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之前。在复数名词和不可数名词之前一般用all，而不用whole； 在表地点的专有名词之前，一般用all而不用whole，但可用the whole of。
例：the whole family/all the family 全家
The whole building is burning. 整座楼都在燃烧
All my friends are poor. 我所有的朋友都贫穷.
[误] the wholefood
[正] all the food所有的食物
[误] the whole wine
[正] all the wine所有的酒
all China/the whole of China 全中国
all(the) spring/the whole spring 整个春天
【句型剖析】each time意为“每次"，名词性短语，引导时间状语从句，相当于every time类似的还有the first time the minute，the moment等.
例：Each time meet him， he tries to tell me something new.每次我遇到他，他都尽力告诉我一些新鲜事情。
【经典练】
—What do you think of the Science Museum
—I think it is the top one in ________ world.
A．all the B．whole the C．the all D．the whole
【写作佳句】
For example, I often eat healthy food, like whole meal bread, eggs, vegetables and milk for breakfast and rice, noodles, and vegetables for dinner..
考点10.can和endangered的用法
【教材原句】Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain.
许多人认为鲨鱼不可能濒危，因为它们在它们所在的食物链中是最强者。
【句型剖析】can表推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中，can't意为“一定不；不可能”。
例：It can't be true. 它不可能是真的.
What can he be doing 他可能在做什么呢
【句型剖析】endangered形容词，意为“濒危的；灏临灭绝的".
例：Pandas are an endangered species. 熊猫是一种灏临灭绝的物种，
辨析endangered， danger， dangerous与in danger
endangered 形容词，“濒危的；濒临灭绝的”
danger 不可数名词， 危险， 威胁"， 后接of(doing) sth
dangerous 形容词，“危险的”
in danger 介词短语，“在危险中"
例：Scientists think that the animal is endangered by pollution.科学家认为污染导致这种动物临灭绝。
Is there any danger of fire 有发生火灾的危险吗
It's dangerous for children to swim in the river.对孩子们来说在河里游泳是危险的。
Her life is in danger. 她有生命危险。
【经典练】
—We should do our best to save the animals in danger.
—I agree with you.
A．dangerous animals B．endangered animals C．wild animals
考点11.ask sb. to do sth.的用法
【教材原句】They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.他们甚至要求政府制定法律，禁止销售鱼翅。
【句型剖析】ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“要求某人别做某事”。例如：
He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。
Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。
【拓展】ask的常见搭配：
(1) 与介词 for 连用，有“要求得到”的意思。例如：
Mary asks her father for money. 玛丽向她父亲要钱。
(2) 与about 连用，表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。例如：
Uncle Hill asked about you the other day. 前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。
【经典练】
—_________ some more people to do the work
—Yes, I think we do.
A．Need we ask for B．Do we need to ask for
C．Need we to ask for D．Do we need ask for
【写作佳句】
You asked me how to use a dictionary to learn English.
考点12.afford和take action的用法
【教材原句】 Yes，we can't afford to wait any longer to take action.是的，我们再也等不起了，应该(立马)采取行动!
【句型剖析】afford及物动词，意为“承担得起(后果) ".
例：We can not afford anymore delays. 我们不能再有任何耽了。
【知识拓展】
①afford常与can，could，be able to等连用，且多用于否定句中。
②afford后跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，但不能跟动词-ing形式，
③afford通常不用于被动语态.
④afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
例：We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们负担不起去国外，
【句型剖析】take action动词短语，意为“采取行动”。常用结构take action to do sth.
意为“采取行动做某事".
例：The government must take action now to protect the environment
政府现在必须采取行动保护环境。
【知识拓展】有关take的常见短语：
take place发生 take a shower淋浴
take a walk散步 take turns轮流
take exercise运动 take care当心
take notes记笔记 take the medicine吃药
take care of照料 take a message带个口信
take a break/rest休息一下 take it easy别紧张
take a bus/train/taxi乘公共汽车/火车/出租车
【经典练】
—Can we afford a trip to America this summer
—No problem.
A．have much time to relax B．have many chances to choose C．have enough money to pay for
【写作佳句】
We can take actions in our daily life.
考点13.put sth.to good use 的用法
【教材原句】Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
你曾经考虑过这些东西实际上可以怎样被好好利用吗
【句型剖析】put sth.to good use意为“好好利用某物"，相当于make good use of sth.。
本句用了该短语的被动形式，即sth.be put to good use.
例：We can put these books to good use. 我们可以好好利用这些书
These glasses can be put to good use. 这些玻璃杯可以被好好利用。
【知识拓展】
与put有关的短语：
①put off意为“推迟"，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式.
例：We'll put off holding the sports meeting because of rain.
由于下雨，我们将推迟举办运动会。
②put away意为“收拾起来".
例：The little girl put the bowl away after she finished her dinner
吃完晚饭后，小女孩儿把碗收拾起来。
③put up意为“张贴、举起、建立"，
例：A new school was put up last year. 去年新建了一所学校。
④put on意为“穿上”
例：What dress shall l put on for the party 我应该穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢
⑤put out意为“扑灭； 熄灭".
例：The firemen soon put out the fire. 消防员很快把火扑灭了。
【经典练】
—We students are asked to study from home online course platforms.
—Put the Internet to ________ good use.
A．a B．an C．/
考点14.pull down的用法
【教材原句】The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.
门窗来自她的城镇周围被拆掉的旧建筑。
【句型剖析】were pulled down一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”.
例：Thousands of trees were planted by them last year. 去年他们种植了数万棵树。
【句型剖析】Pull down意为“拆毁，拆掉".
例：The workers are pulling down the old building. 工人们正在拆除那栋旧楼，
pull down是“动词+副词”型短语。名词作其宾语时，放在down之前或之后均可；代词作其宾语时，只能放在pull和down之间
辨析pull down与take down
pull down 指把某物毁坏
takedown 指把某物拆下，还可以安上去，没有毁坏
例：You can pull down the old house. 你们可以拆除这所旧房子。
Remember to takedown our tent before leaving. 记住离开前拆下我们的帐篷。
【经典练】
—Where did you get these old windows
—From the old buildings which were ________ by the workers.
A．shut down B．pulled down C．turned down D．put down
考点15.win的用法
【教材原句】Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.最近埃米获得了“帮助拯救我们的星球协会”颁发的一个奖项。
【句型剖析】win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在......中获胜"，其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等；win还可用作不及物动词，意为“赢； 获胜"。
例：She won the second prize. 她获得了第二名。
Vincent is sure to win. 文森特一定会获胜，
辨析：win与beat
win “赢得；获胜"，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等
beat “打赢；战胜"，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手
例：We won the football game. 我们赢了足球赛。
LiMing beat all the runners in the 100-me terrace.
李明在百米赛跑中战胜了所有的对手，
【经典练】
They ________ the game last Sunday. We must _________ them next Sunday.
A．won, beat B．won, win C．beat, won D．beat, beat
【写作佳句】
I like to read this part very much because the monkey always tries his best to win the fights.
考点16.set up的用法
【教材原句】....she has also set up a website to sell them online.......她也建立了一个网站，在网上销售她的包。
【句型剖析】set up动词短语，此处意为“建立；设立；创立(公司、机构等) ".
例：They decided to set up a new company. 他们决定创办一家新公司。
setup是“动词+副词”型短语，其宾语是代词时，要放在set和up之间。
辨析set up与build
set up 主要用于创建组织、机构、公司、学校等
build 指具体建造、制作某物
例：He has set up a firm of his own.他自己开了一家公司。
The house was built in the early 19th century. 这所房子建于19世纪初期。
【经典练】
We ________ an English club in our school to improve our English.
A．put up B．got up C．picked up D．set up
考点17.be known for的用法
【教材原句】 He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces.
他因使用来自旧车上的铁和其他材料来制作美丽的艺术品而出名。
【句型剖析】be known for意为“以......闻名；因......而出名"，相当于be famous for.
例：Switzerland is known/famous for watches. 瑞士以手表闻名。
Hangzhou is known/famous for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而出名。
辨析known for， be known as与be known to
be known for 意为“因......而出名”， 相当于be famous for
be known as 意为“以......出名”
be known to 意为”为......所熟知”
例：Einstein was known for his theory of relativity.
爱因斯坦以他的相对论而出名。
Einstein was known as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家著称。
He is known to us all. 我们都熟悉他。
【经典练】
—The Great Wall ________ its long history and special beauty.
—Yes, it’s one of the most famous places of interest in China.
A．is known for B．is full of C．is interested in D．is good for
【写作佳句】
It is our duty to respect the traditions and make Chinese culture known to the world.
考点18.比较级+and+比较级的用法
【教材原句】The air pollution is getting worse and worse.空气污染变得越来越糟。
【句型剖析】worse and worse意为“越来越”，其结构为“比较级+and+比较级"或“more and more+原级(多音节或部分双音节词) "，意为“越来越......".
例：He is getting taller and taller. 他变得越来越高。
The flowers are more and more beautiful. 这些花越来越漂亮，
知识拓展
比较级的常用句型：
①“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+乙"或"甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+乙"
意为“甲比乙......“.
例：Amy is taller than Anne.埃米比安妮高
I got up earlier than my brother this morning.今天早晨我比我哥哥起床早，
②“甲+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+乙”或“甲+实义动词+倍数+副词比较级
+than+乙"意为“甲比乙......几倍”.
例：This room is three times bigger than that one
这个房间比那个房间大三倍。
She runs three times faster than her sister.她跑的速度比她姐姐快三倍。
③“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+其他"意为“甲是两者中较......的”.
例：Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.
看那两个男孩儿。我哥哥是两个当中较高的。
④“the+比较级， the+比较级”意为“越......， 越.......
例：The busier my father was， the happier he felt.我父亲越忙， 他感到越快乐。
⑤“疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙 ”意为“甲和乙哪一个更...... "
例：Which is bigger the earth or the moon 哪一个更大， 地球还是月球
⑥“疑问词+实义动词+副词比较级，甲or乙 “意为“哪一个更......，甲还是乙 “.
Who draws better Carol or Kelly 谁画得更好， 卡萝尔还是凯丽
【经典练】
Don’t lose heart. Keep working hard, and your English ________ better and better.
A．will get B．gets C．got D．is getting

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