资源简介

新概念第二册
Lesson 75 SOS
单词精讲
thick[θik] a.厚的
引申：可表示关系亲密、浓厚，如形容友谊、氛围等；还可表示头脑迟钝的。
搭配：thick fog（浓雾） thick hair（浓密的头发）
thick with sb.（与某人关系密切）
例句：The air was thick with smoke.（空气中浓烟弥漫。）
They are very thick with each other.（他们彼此关系很亲密。）
signal['sign l] n.信号
引申：可表示预示、标志着某种情况或事件即将发生。
搭配：traffic signal（交通信号） give a signal（发出信号）。
例句：A red light is a signal to stop.（红灯是停止的信号。）
His words were a signal of his change of mind.（他的话预示着他改变了主意。）
stamp[st mp] v.跺，踩
引申：可表示用力踏或踩而留下印记，也可表示坚决地表明态度。
搭配：stamp on（踩踏；压制） stamp out（扑灭；踩灭）。
例句：He stamped on the spider.（他踩死了那只蜘蛛。）
The government is determined to stamp out corruption.（政府决心杜绝腐败。）
helicopter['helik pt ] n.直升飞机
引申：可表示像直升机一样快速升降、移动的事物，用于形容某种动作或物体的移动方式。
搭配：helicopter pilot（直升机飞行员） by helicopter（乘坐直升机）。
例句：They arrived at the island by helicopter.（他们乘坐直升机到达那个岛屿。）
词源：由希腊语“helix”（螺旋）和“pteron”（翅膀）组成，意为螺旋桨飞机，即直升机。
scene [si:n] n.现场
引申：可表示某个事件或活动发生的情景、场面；还可表示戏剧、电影等中的场景。
搭配：crime scene（犯罪现场）。
on the scene（在现场；当场）。
scene of the accident（事故现场）。
例句：The police quickly arrived at the scene of the crime.（警察迅速到达犯罪现场。）
The movie has some very exciting scenes.（这部电影有一些非常激动人心的场景。）
survivor [s 'vaiv ]n.幸存者
引申：可表示经历困难、灾难后仍然坚持下来的人或事物，不局限于生命的幸存。
搭配：earthquake survivor（地震幸存者） sole survivor（唯一的幸存者）。
例句：The survivors of the war were left with deep psychological scars.
（战争的幸存者留下了深深的心理创伤。）
词源：由“survive”（幸存）加上“- or”（表示人或物）构成。
重点句型
可以表示“变成”的一些动词
grow，turn，go，get，com，fall等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。
grow表示“（逐渐）变得”，比get要正式些：
He has grown fat.
He has grown to like studying mathematics.
grow dark（变黑）
grow = get slowly慢慢变得
turn表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）……”或“使变颜色”等
Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.
A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive.
His face turned red.
go表示“变成（某种状态）”，通常表示不好的变化：
Some foods go bad easily.
The milk went sour.
get在口语中使用较多，表示“成为（某种状态）”，强调的是变化的过程（一下子变得）。天气变化，一般用get，get cold(变冷)
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
come可表示“变成，成为，达到”等，与true连用时表示“实现”
Her dream to swim across the channel has come true.
come + true/right/loose
The dream comes true. 梦想成真。
Take it easy. Everything will come right.
come loose 变松动
fall可表示“变成……的状态”
fall + asleep/ill 坠落梦乡/病倒了
You fell asleep while I was talking to you.
He fell ill last week, so he didn’t come to your wedding.
课文精讲
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed.
不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。
off course 脱离轨道
fly off course 飞行偏离航线
During the storm, the ship went off course.
kill v. 杀（仅表示死了，不一定是人为的杀死,有可能是火灾等）
Fire in Tokyo. Five people killed. Ten persons injured.（受伤）
murder v. 谋杀（故意杀死）
The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt..It was the middle of winter.
机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。
句子结构：第一个句子的主语是“The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters”，其中“a young woman and her two baby daughters”是对“the only passengers”的补充说明，谓语是“were”，表语是“unhurt”；第二个句子“It was the middle of winter”是主系表结构，“it”是形式主语，“was”是系动词，“the middle of winter”是表语。
词汇精讲：
“unhurt”是形容词，表示“未受伤的”，是“hurt”的否定形式。
middle of winter 隆冬
middle of summer 盛夏
Snow lay thick on the ground.地上积着厚厚的雪。
句子结构：主语是“Snow”，谓语是“lay”，“thick”是副词，用来修饰“lay”，表示雪堆积的状态，“on the ground”是地点状语。
词汇精讲：
“lay”在这里是“lie”（躺，位于）的过去式，表示雪在地面上的状态。
lay 是系动词,thick是形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或性质。
The old man lies ill and neglected in bed.
The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away.
这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。
句子结构：这是一个主从复合句。主语是“The woman”，谓语是“knew”，“that the nearest village was miles away”是宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，“the nearest village”是主语，“was”是系动词，“miles away”是表语，表示距离。
词汇精讲：“nearest”是“near”的最高级形式，表示“最近的”。
miles away 几英里之外（距离的表达方式）
When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.
天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。
turn…into… = change sth. into … 把……变成……
句子结构：这是一个主从复合句。“When it grew dark”是时间状语从句，其中“it”是主语，“grew”是系动词，“dark”是表语；主句是“she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find”，这是一个并列句加伴随状语的结构。主句中由“and”连接两个分句，第一个分句“she turned a suitcase into a bed”中“she”是主语，“turned...into...”是谓语结构，表示把……变成……，“a suitcase”是宾语，“a bed”是宾补；第二个分句“put the children inside it”中“put”是谓语，“the children”是宾语，“inside it”是地点状语；“covering them with all the clothes she could find”是伴随状语，其中“covering”是现在分词，“them”是宾语，“with all the clothes she could find”是方式状语，“she could find”是定语从句，修饰“clothes”。
During the night, it got terribly cold.夜里，天冷得厉害。
句子结构：“During the night”是时间状语，“it”是主语，“got”是系动词，“terribly cold”是表语，其中“terribly”是副词，用来修饰“cold”。
The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small.
这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。
as…as sb. can/could = as…as possible 尽可能的……
He got through as much food as he could and set out.
Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can.
near to = close to
“keep + 形容词（表示状态）”是一种常见用法，表示保持某种状态。
Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal.
第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
overhead adv. 从头顶
wonder = want to know
She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow.
她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。
句子结构：主语是“She”，谓语是“stamped out”，表示踩出、踏出的动作，“the letters 'SOS'”是宾语，“in the snow”是地点状语。
词汇精讲：“stamp out”是固定短语，表示踏出、踩出。
Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow.
stamp out 踩出
out在这里为副词，表示“出现，显露”等
The writer has brought out another book.
He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
SOS = Save Our Souls 国际通用的呼救信号
in the snow 在雪地上
Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town.
幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。
by radio 通过广播
句子结构：“Fortunately”是副词作状语，表示幸运的是；这是一个并列句，由“and”连接两个分句，第一个分句“a pilot saw the signal”中“a pilot”是主语，“saw”是谓语，“the signal”是宾语，第二个分句“sent a message by radio to the nearest town”中“sent”是谓语，“a message”是宾语，“by radio”是方式状语，“to the nearest town”是地点状语。
词汇精讲：“by radio”表示通过无线电这种方式。
It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。
句子结构：“It was not long before...”是一个固定句型，表示不久之后；其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash”这个句子；在这个句子中，“a helicopter”是主语，“arrived”是谓语，“on the scene”是地点状语，“to rescue the survivors of the plane crash”是目的状语。
词汇精讲：“on the scene”是固定短语，表示在现场。
It was not long before + 从句 不久就……（指过去）
It was not long before he went abroad.
It was not long before I finished my homework.
It will not be long before… 不久就……（将来可能发生的事）
It will not be long before he gets over his illness.
before long 不久以后（一般将来时,从现在算不久以后会怎么样）
Before long, he will go abroad.
shortly before ……之前不久
shortly after ……之后立即
on the scene 在现场（固定短语）

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