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新概念第二册
Lesson 80 The crystal Palace
单词精讲
palace['p lis] n.宫殿
引申：可引申为豪华、宏伟的建筑或场所的代表，也可象征权力和财富的集中地。搭配：steam engine（蒸汽机）；steam power（蒸汽动力）；steam boiler（蒸汽锅炉）。
例句：Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）；palace museum（故宫博物院）；summer palace（颐和园）。
extraordinary [ik'str :din ri] a.不平常的.非凡的
引申：可引申为令人惊叹、超乎寻常的程度，用于形容非常特别的事物或人。
搭配：extraordinary ability（非凡的能力）；extraordinary event（不寻常的事件）；extraordinary measures（非常措施）
例句：He has an extraordinary memory.（他有非凡的记忆力。）
词源：由“extra -”（超出）和“ordinary”（普通的）组成，字面意思为超出普通的。
exhibition[eksi'bi ( )n] n.展览
引申：可引申为展示、展现某种事物或特征的机会或场合。
搭配：art exhibition（艺术展览）；exhibition hall（展览厅）；hold an exhibition（举办一个展览）。
例句：There is an interesting art exhibition in the city center.（市中心有一个有趣的艺术展览。）
iron ['ai n]n.铁
引申：可引申为坚强、坚韧的象征，如“iron will”（钢铁般的意志）。
搭配：iron bar（铁棒）；iron gate（铁门）；iron ore（铁矿石）
例句：The fence was made of iron bars.（栅栏是由铁棒制成的。）
various ['ve ri s] a.各种各样的
引申：可引申为多样化的、多元的概念，形容种类繁多。
搭配：various types（各种类型）；various colors（各种颜色）；for various reasons（由于各种各样的原因）
例句：There are various kinds of flowers in the garden.（花园里有各种各样的花。）
machinery [m ' i:n ri]n.机器
引申：可引申为机械工业或机械体系的概念。
搭配：agricultural machinery（农业机械）；heavy machinery（重型机械）；machinery parts（机械零件）
例句：The factory has a lot of advanced machinery.（这家工厂有很多先进的机械。）
词源：由“machine”（机器）加“-ery”（表示集合体的后缀）组成。
display[di'splei] n.展览
引申：可引申为显示、炫耀某种东西的行为。
搭配：on display（展出）；display case（展示柜）；display screen（显示屏）。
例句：The jewels were on display in the museum.（珠宝在博物馆展出。）
steam[sti:m] n.蒸汽
引申：可引申为动力、能量的来源，在工业革命时期是重要的动力形式。
搭配：steam engine（蒸汽机）；steam power（蒸汽动力）；steam boiler（蒸汽锅炉）
例句：The steam engine was a great invention in history.（蒸汽机是历史上一项伟大的发明。）
profit ['pr fit]n.利润
引申：可引申为盈利、收益所带来的好处或利益，如“profit - making”（盈利性的）。
搭配：make a profit（获利）；net profit（净利润）；profit margin（利润率）
例句：The company made a huge profit this year.（这家公司今年获得了巨额利润。）
college ['k lid ] n.学院
引申：可引申为高等教育、学术研究的场所，也是人才培养的地方。
搭配：college student（大学生）；college campus（大学校园）；attend college（上大学）。
例句：He is a college student majoring in computer science.
（他是一名主修计算机科学的大学生。）
重点句型
【Special Difficulties】
带on的短语：
on display/show 展出，陈列
This is the best dress on display/show. 这是展出的最好的衣服。
on business 因公（与for pleasure相对）
Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends.
on foot 步行（与by bus，by car，by air等相对）
I usually go to work by car, but this morning I went on foot.
on duty 值班，值班的
It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.
on the whole 总的看来，总的来说，大体上
On the whole, he is a hard-working student.
on fire 起火，着火
Soon the whole building was on fire.
on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（与by chance相对）
They have come here on purpose to see you.
She broke the vase on purpose.
on the average 平均，通常
On the average, he works more than ten hours a day.
on any account 无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）
Do not interrupt him on any account.
You mustn’t on any account sign the contract before you read it.
on second thought(s) 经重新考虑后（thought用单数或复数均可）
I intended to go to the party, but on second thought(s), I decided to stay at home.
课文精讲
Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.
19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数水晶宫了，它是为1851年的“世界博览会”而建在海德公园的。
the Great Exhibition 世界博览会
“Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace”是主系表结构，“Perhaps”为副词作状语，“the most extraordinary”是形容词最高级作定语修饰“building”，“of the nineteenth century”为后置定语，表明所属时间。“which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰“the Crystal Palace”，其中“was built”是一般过去时的被动语态，表示被建造，“in Hyde Park”是地点状语，“for the Great Exhibition of 1851”是目的状语。
“extraordinary”意思是“非凡的、特别的”，例如：He has an extraordinary talent for music.（他有非凡的音乐天赋。）“Crystal Palace”是专有名词，指水晶宫。“Hyde Park”也是专有名词，海德公园。“the Great Exhibition”指1851年的万国工业博览会。
The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass.
这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。
be different from… 与……不同
be made of… 用……制造（指原材料没有发生化学上的变化）
“The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world”是主系表结构，“be different from”是固定搭配，表示“与……不同”。“for it was made of iron and glass”是原因状语从句，“was made of”是一般过去时的被动语态，表示由……制成（能看出原材料）。
It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.
它是有史以来最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。
It was one of the biggest buildings of all time”是主系表结构，“one of + 复数名词”表示“……之一”，这里“the biggest”是形容词最高级。“and”连接两个并列句，“a lot of people from many countries came to see it”是主谓宾结构，“a lot of”修饰“people”作定语，“from many countries”为后置定语修饰“people”，“came”是一般过去时的谓语动词，“to see it”是目的状语。
of all time 空前的，有史以来（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）
He is one of the greatest men of all time.
“one of =最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.
A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.
大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会
这是一个一般过去时的被动语态句子，“A great many goods”是主语，“were sent”是谓语，“to the exhibition”是宾语补足语，“from various parts of the world”是状语。“A great many”表示许多，修饰可数名词复数。
词汇解析
“goods”表示商品、货物，是复数形式，例如：The goods are of high quality.（这些货物质量很高。）
There was also a great deal of machinery on display.
参展的还有很多机器
这是一个“there be”句型，“a great deal of”修饰不可数名词“machinery”，“on display”是介词短语作后置定语，相当于“displayed”，表示展出的。
machinery n. 机器，机械装置（集合名词，与单数动词搭配）
某个具体的机器可用machine或者a piece of machinery来表示：
This is a wonderful piece of machinery/a wonderful machine.
on display = on show 展出，陈列
Shall we put all these flowers on display/show
The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer.
其中最奇妙的是内史密斯的蒸汽锤
“The most wonderful piece of machinery on show”是主语，其中“the most wonderful”是形容词最高级作定语，“on show”是介词短语作后置定语，“was”是系动词，“Nasmyth's steam hammer”是表语。
“on show”和“on display”意思相近，表示展出、展示，例如：All the paintings are on show in the gallery.（所有的画作都在画廊展出。）“steam hammer”指蒸汽锤。
Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.
尽管在当时旅行不像现在这么容易，但汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。
“Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today”是让步状语从句，其中“in those days”是时间状语，“traveling”是动名词作主语，“was not as easy as”是比较结构，表示“不如……容易”，“it is today”中的“it”指代“traveling”。“steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe”是主句，“steam boats”是主语，“carried”是谓语，“thousands of visitors”是宾语，“across the Channel from Europe”是状语。
“Channel”在这里指英吉利海峡，例如：The ship sailed across the Channel.（船驶过英吉利海峡。）
On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.
一到英国，火车就把他们送到了水晶宫。
“On arriving in England”是时间状语，“on + 动名词”表示“一……就……”。“they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train”是一般过去时的被动语态句子，“they”是主语，“were taken”是谓语，“to the Crystal Palace”是宾语补足语，“by train”是方式状语。
“arrive in”表示到达（大地方），例如：They will arrive in Paris tomorrow.（他们明天将到达巴黎。）
There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.
参观的人数总共是600万。博览会的赢利用来建造博物馆和高等学校。
in all 总共，合计
at the wedding there were over 100 people in all.
前半句“There were six million visitors in all”是“there be”句型，“six million”修饰“visitors”，“in all”表示总共。后半句“the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges”是一般过去时的被动语态句子，“the profits from the exhibition”是主语，“were used”是谓语，“to build museums and colleges”是目的状语。
Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London.
后来，“水晶宫”被移到了伦敦南部。
这是一个一般过去时的被动语态句子，“the Crystal Palace”是主语，“was moved”是谓语，“to South London”是宾语补足语。
“move”在这里表示移动、搬迁，例如：They moved their house last month.（他们上个月搬了家。）
It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.在1936年被焚毁之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。
remain在这里为系动词，表示“保持不变，仍然”（后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词等）
Why did you remain silent/quiet at the dinner party
They all remained standing while the manager talked.

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