资源简介

intelligence n．智力，智慧，理解力
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
intelligent adj.机智的，有才智的；有智慧的，聪明的
Intelligent as artificial intelligence is，it can never replace humans’ wisdom in some aspects.
尽管人工智能很聪明，但它在某些方面永远无法取代人类的智慧。
employ vt.& n．雇用
employee n．雇员；受雇者
employer n．雇主；雇用者
employment n．雇用；工作
unemployment n．失业
For fear of unemployment，the employee tried his best to serve his employer with great patience and dedication.由于担心失业，这位员工以极大的耐心和奉献精神尽力为雇主服务。
determine vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定
determination n．决定；决心
determined adj.坚决的；坚定的
The determined girl has determined to be on a diet and nothing can change her determination.
这个坚定的女孩决定要节食，什么也改变不了她的决心。
predict vt.预言，预料，预测
prediction n．预报；预言
predictable adj.可预料的
unpredictable adj.无法预料的
Go through the questions in advance，which will help you predict what you will hear.
提前浏览问题，这将帮助你预测你将听到的内容。
deserve vt.应得，应受到(奖赏或惩罚)
The consultant came up with a brilliant idea which well deserved to be tried/trying/a try.
那个顾问想出了一个绝妙的主意，很值得一试。
lower adj.(数字或数量)较小的；较低级的；下面的 vt.把……放低；降低；减少
The clerk lowered her eyes，chewed on her lower lip with anxiety and shook her head slightly.那个店员垂下眼睛，焦虑地咬着下唇，轻轻摇了摇头。
association n．联系；协会，社团
in association with与……联合；与……合作
associate v．与……有关；联系
associate...with...将……与……联系起来
associated adj.联合的；有关联的
be associated with与……有关联
I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
我总是把烘焙的味道和我的童年联系在一起。
According to the Football Association，the ban on the player is associated with dope-taking.根据足球协会的说法，对这名球员的禁令与服用兴奋剂有关。
internal adj.内心的；内部的；国内的
external adj.外面的；外部的；外来的
A combination of internal and external factors contributed to the institution’s close-down.
内外因结合导致了该机构的倒闭。
adjust vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节
adjustment n．调整，调节；适应
adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
I have difficulty adjusting to school life，so I am writing to inquire whether you can help me make a quick adjustment.I will adjust myself according to your tips.
我很难适应学校生活，所以我写信询问您是否能帮助我快速适应。我会根据您的建议调整自己。
announce vt.宣布，宣告，公布
announcement n．通告，公告
announcer n．广播员；宣告者
It is announced that an English speech competition will be organized to arouse our interest in English.
据宣布，将组织一场英语演讲比赛，以激发我们对英语的兴趣。
disability n．伤残，残障，障碍
disabled adj.残疾的，残障的，有学习障碍的
the disabled 残疾人
able adj.能够
enable vt.使能够；使可能
The new equipment is able to help disabled people/people with disabilities/the disabled to visit museums in a more convenient way.这种新设备能够帮助残疾人以更方便的方式参观博物馆。
In addition，taking part in various activities enables me to gain more knowledge and widen my views.
此外，参加各种活动能使我获得更多的知识，拓宽我的视野。
willing adj.乐意、愿意(做某事)的
unwilling adj.不愿意的，不情愿的
be willing/unwilling to do乐意/不乐意做……
willingness n．愿意；乐意
I am willing to make a trade with you.
我愿意和你做个交易。
altogether adv.总而言之，总的说来；完全，全部
Altogether，it was a delightful town garden，peaceful and secluded.总体来说，这是一个赏心悦目的城市花园，安静而幽僻。
react vi.(作出)反应
react to 对……作出反应/回应
reaction n．反应
I wonder how you will react to such a financial situation.
我想知道你对这样的财务状况会有什么反应。
solely adv.唯一地，仅仅
end up...最终成为……；最后处于……
If you don’t study hard，you’ll end up failing the exam.
如果你不努力学习，你最终会考试不及格的。
as well也
I enjoy reading books，and watching movies as well.
我喜欢读书，也喜欢看电影。
be open to乐于接受
I’m open to experiencing different cultures.
我愿意尝试体验不同的文化。
on the other hand 另一方面
On the one hand，technology has made our lives more convenient，but on the other hand，it has also caused some problems，such as privacy issues.
一方面，科技使我们的生活更加便利；但另一方面，它也引发了一些问题，如隐私问题。
deal with 处理
We need to deal with this customer complaint as soon as possible.
我们需要尽快处理这份客户投诉。
in terms of在……方面；就……而言
In terms of education，our country has made significant progress in recent years.
在教育方面，我们国家近年来取得了显著的进步。
be involved in卷入；参加
I am involved in several community service projects.
我参与了几个社区服务项目。
lead a．..life过……生活
She leads a healthy life by eating well and exercising regularly.
她通过合理饮食和定期锻炼过着健康的生活。
be based on以……为基础
The book was based on the author’s personal experiences growing up in a small town.
这本书是基于作者在一个小镇长大的个人经历。trend n．趋势，趋向，倾向
The record has already proved a success and may well start a trend.
该唱片已证明大获成功，并且很可能会引导潮流。
financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的
finance vt.提供资金 n．财政，金融
financially adv.财政上，金融上，经济上地
It is said that all airlines in the country are financed by the government.
据说该国所有的航空公司都由政府资助。
Without your timely financial assistance，our company couldn’t have managed that tough period.
如果没有你及时的经济援助，我们公司不可能度过那段艰难的时期。
logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的
logic n．逻辑(学)；道理
logically adv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑地
To be a qualified lawyer，you should have a logical mind and good at finding out the logic behind problems.
要成为一名合格的律师，你应该擅长逻辑思维，并善于找出问题背后的逻辑。
comprehension n．理解(力)；阅读理解测试
beyond one’s comprehension 某人无法理解
comprehend v．理解
comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的
The reading comprehension exercise is too difficult for the beginners to comprehend.
这个阅读理解练习对初学者来说太难理解了。
bio-technology n．生物技术
He is mainly responsible for bio-technology product sales and market development.
他主要负责生物技术产品的销售和市场开发。
guarantee vt.保证，担保 n．保修单
Welcome to our company，and I guarantee that you will achieve your full potential here.
欢迎来我们公司。我保证你能在这儿充分发挥你的潜能。
motivated adj.积极的，主动的
motivate vt.成为……的动机，是……的原因；激励
motivation n．动机；动力；积极性
motive n．(尤指隐藏的)动机，原因，目的
To boost students’ motivation/motive and interest in English learning，our teacher motivates us to participate in the English club.With time going by，we are becoming more motivated in learning.
为了提高学生英语学习的动机和兴趣，老师鼓励我们参加英语俱乐部。随着时间的推移，我们在学习上变得越来越积极主动。
keep up with跟上；赶上
To keep up with the pace of modern life，we need to constantly update our skills and knowledge.
为了跟上现代生活的步伐，我们需要不断更新自己的技能和知识。
go on继续；发生
The concert will go on as scheduled，despite the rain.尽管下雨，音乐会仍将如期举行。
lead to导致
The recent changes in policy are expected to lead to an increase in employment.
最近的政策变化预计会导致就业率的增加。
be applied to应用于
The theory can be applied to a wide range of practical problems.
这个理论可以应用于一系列实际问题。
come up with 提出
After brainstorming for hours，the team finally came up with a brilliant marketing strategy.
经过数小时的头脑风暴后，团队终于想出了一个绝妙的营销策略。
agree with同意
Most people agree with the statement that exercise is important for health.
大多数人同意锻炼对健康很重要的说法。
stay up to date保持最新状态
She uses social media to stay up to date with her friends and family.
她使用社交媒体，了解朋友和家人的最新动态。
be in touch with与……联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
She’s always in touch with fashion trends，so her outfits are always stylish.
她总是关注时尚潮流，所以她的着装总是很时髦。
all over the world全世界
I have traveled to many different countries and experienced different cultures all over the world.
我去过很多不同的国家，体验了世界各地的不同文化。
to sum it up总之；概括起来说
To sum it up，the experience was both challenging and rewarding.
总之，这次经历既具有挑战性，又很有收获。
adapt to适应
She quickly adapted to the new job and became an excellent employee.
她很快适应了新工作，成了一名出色的员工。footstep n．脚步声
follow in one’s footsteps 继承某人的事业；步某人的后尘
Motivated by his story，I determined to follow in his footsteps and made more contributions to the country’s economy.被他的故事所激励，我决心追随他的脚步，为国家的经济做出更多贡献。
profession n．专业，行业
professor n．教授
professional adj.专业的，职业的
professionalism n．专业水准，专业素质；职业精神
My uncle is a brilliant college professor，who shows outstanding professionalism in his profession and without his professional guidance，I couldn’t have made such unbelievable progress in my journalist career.我的叔叔是一名优秀的大学教授，在他的职业中表现出了杰出的专业精神，如果没有他专业的指导，我不可能在我的记者生涯中取得如此令人难以置信的进步。
workshop n．车间，工厂；研讨会，讲习班
The training programme takes the form of a series of workshops，after which the green hands will be assigned to different workshops.
培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式，之后，新手将被分配到不同的车间。
prospect n．可能性，希望
The prospect of failure discouraged us so much that our hearts sank.失败的可能性使我们非常没有信心，我们的心都沉了下来。
retirement n．退休，退职
retire vi.& vt.退休
retired adj.退休的
The retired librarian has volunteered to teach children English ever since his retirement.这位退休的图书馆管理员自退休以来就义务教孩子们英语。
relevant adj.有关的，切题的
be relevant to与……相关
irrelevant adj.不相关的
relevantly adv.相关地
relevance n．关联；切题
His lawyer should cite one example which was actually not relevant to illustrate his point of view.
他的律师竟然列举了一个实际上并不相关的例子来说明他的观点。
lottery n．抽彩给奖法；碰运气的事
decent adj.相当好的，像样的，可接受的
The shop assistant recommended me a decent cupboard and I bought it on the scene.店员给我推荐了一个不错的橱柜，我当场就买了下来。
salary n．薪金，工资
It is commonly believed that all lawyers can earn a decent salary.
人们普遍认为所有的律师都能获得不错的薪水。
innovator n．革新者，创新者
innovate v．革新，创新，改革
innovative adj.革新的，创新的
innovation n．创新，改革
Among all innovators throughout history，he was considered as the most creative and innovative one，whose brilliant innovations are still contributing to the development of humans.在历史上所有的创新者中，他被认为是最具创造力和创新性的一位，他的伟大创新仍在为人类的发展做出贡献。
specialist n．专家
special adj.专门的；特别的
specially adv.专门地；特别
The special welcome party is specially held for the specialist coming from Peking University.这场特别的欢迎会专门为从北京大学来的专家而举办。
occupation n．工作，职业
occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙碌
occupied adj.被占领的；被占用的；忙于
The physician is always occupied with his occupation，which occupies almost all of his time，and hence，he has no leisure time.
这位医生总是忙于他的工作，这几乎占据了他所有的时间，所以他没有闲暇时间。
pace n．速度，进度 v．来回踱步；走来走去
at the pace of以……的速度/节奏
at a fast pace快速地；快节奏地
pace back and forth/up and down来回踱步，踱来踱去
She paced back and forth/up and down with extreme anxiety，waiting for the phone to ring.
她极度焦虑地来回踱步，等待电话响起。
retrain vt.(为从事新工作)接受再培训，对……再训练
Staff must be retrained in order to use the new technology.为了使用新技术，必须对员工进行再培训。
qualify vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准
qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
qualification n．资格
disqualification n．不合格；取消资格
He has relevant qualifications to qualify himself to be a teacher and hence，he is well qualified to be your teaching assistant.他有担任教师的相关资格，因此，他完全有资格担任你的助教。
likelihood n．可能，可能性
likely adj.可能的；有……倾向的
unlikely adj.不大可能的
be likely/unlikely to do有/没有可能做……
It is likely/unlikely that...……是有/没有可能的。
Stop daydreaming.There is no likelihood that we will win the lottery.
不要做白日梦了。我们不可能中彩票的。
According to the physician，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from/of heart attacks.按照医生的说法，女性患高血压或死于心脏病的可能性较小。
multiple adj.多的，多种的，涉及多个人(物，事等)的
multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
The children are already learning to multiply and divide by doing multiple exercises.
孩子们已经在通过做多种练习来学习乘法和除法了。
essential adj.极其重要的；最基本的
If you want to attain progress in academic performances，proper self-assessment is entirely essential.
如果你想在学习成绩上取得进步，适当的自我评估是完全必要的。
security n．保障，保护；保安措施，安全工作
secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt.获得；拴牢；保护
securely adv.安全地；牢固地
Luckily，he secured a job as a security guard in an institute so that he got a relatively secure salary.
幸运的是，他在一家机构找到了一份保安的工作，因此他的工资相对稳定。
part-time adj.部分时间的，兼职的
To earn herself tuition fees，she applied for a part-time job as a librarian.为了赚取学费，她申请了一份图书管理员的兼职工作。
photographer n．摄影者
photograph n．照片 vt.& vi.(为……)拍照
photography n．照相术；摄影
I have made an appointment with a famous photographer who will photograph me next Sunday and I strongly believe that the photographs he takes will be of high quality.
我已经和一位著名的摄影师约好了，他将在下周日给我拍照，我坚信他拍的照片质量会很高。
column n．(报纸或杂志)专栏；支柱，圆柱
I strongly suggest that the school magazine add a new column：Students’ Voice.In the first two columns list students’ routine problems they are facing and then come experts’ suggestions.我强烈建议校刊增加一个新的专栏：学生之声。前两栏列出学生面临的日常问题，然后列出专家的建议。
applicant n．申请人
application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)
apply v．申请；应用；涂，敷
From my point of view，all the applicants who will apply for the job should prepare an impressive letter of application.在我看来，所有申请这份工作的申请人都应该准备一封令人印象深刻的求职信。
enclose vt.随信附上；将……围起来
Keep in mind that all applicants should enclose all the relevant certificates in your CV.请记住，所有申请人都应在简历中附上所有相关证书。
journalist n．新闻工作者，新闻记者
journal n．报纸，刊物，杂志；日志
journalism n．新闻业
He started life as a lawyer before turning to journalism，becoming a brilliant journalist of The Wall Street Journal.他最初是一名律师，后来转向新闻业，成为《华尔街日报》的一名出色的记者。
elderly adj.年老的，渐老的
Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese festival for the elderly.
重阳节是一个中国传统的老人节日。
district n．地区，区域
The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street.
北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。
vision n．视野；视力
visible adj.看得见的；可见的
invisible adj.看不见的
The warning lights were clearly visible and even those who have a poor vision can see them.警示灯清晰可见，即使视力不好的人也可以看到它们。
respectfully adv.有礼貌地，恭敬地
respect v．& n．尊重
respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的
My grandparents are respectively a lawyer and a physician，who always treat others respectfully and thus receive respectful regards from their clients.
我的祖父母分别是一名律师和一名医生，他们总是待人彬彬有礼，因此也会受到客户的尊重。
option n．选择；(计算机的)选项，选择
have no option but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
optional adj.可选择的
Faced with financial difficulties，he had no option but to work as a part-time security guard in an institute.面对经济困难，他别无选择，只能在一家研究所做兼职保安。
telescope n．望远镜
Some astronomers work on solely theoretical problems and never use the telescope at all.
有些天文学家研究纯理论问题，根本不用望远镜。
be prepared for做好准备
I am prepared for any unexpected challenges that may arise during the project.
我为项目中可能出现的任何意外挑战做好了准备。
out of date 过时的
a recipe for ……的秘诀
This is a recipe for success：hard work，perseverance，and a positive attitude.
这是成功的秘诀：努力工作、坚持不懈和积极的态度。
throw...out of...把……扔出……；撵走
He threw the ball out of the window and it landed in the yard.
他把球扔出窗外，球落在院子里。
in short总之；简而言之
In short，she is the perfect candidate for the job.
简而言之，她是这份工作的理想人选。
no longer不再
She no longer lives in the city；she has moved to the countryside.
她不再住在城市里，已经搬到乡下去了。
UNIT 8　LITERATURE
晨背一　Topic Talk　[对应默写练习一]
fiction n．小说；虚构的事
fictional adj.虚构的，编造的；小说(中)的
science fiction科幻小说(或影片等)
The newly released science fiction movie has enjoyed great popularity all over the country.
新上映的科幻电影在全国各地都很受欢迎。
poetry n．诗，诗歌；诗集；诗情，诗意
poem n．诗，诗歌，韵文
poet n．诗人
I bought a poetry anthology yesterday，which collects a large quantity of beautiful poems by contemporary poets.我昨天买了一本诗集，它收录了大量当代诗人的优美诗歌。
fable n．寓言
drama n．戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件
dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的
dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧(性)地；激动地
The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.Facing such a dramatic increase，the government officials are quite depressed.
无家可归者的人数急剧增加。面对如此急剧的增长，政府的官员们相当沮丧。
genre n．(艺术、写作、音乐等的)类型，体裁
There are different genres in literature，ranging from dramas and poetry to fiction.
文学有不同的体裁，从戏剧、诗歌到小说，不一而足。
adventure n．历险，奇遇
adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；惊险刺激的
I have been looking forward to a stimulating adventure in the past few months.
在过去的几个月里，我一直期待着一场刺激的冒险。
romance n．爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情
romantic adj.浪漫的；爱情的
In general，young girls who are eager for romance prefer romantic love stories while boys like science fiction more.
一般说来，渴望爱情的年轻女孩更喜欢浪漫的爱情故事，而男孩更喜欢科幻小说。
detective n．侦探，警探
Sherlock Holmes is a famous detective who can notice minor clues that ordinary people can’t.
夏洛克 福尔摩斯是一位著名的侦探，他能注意到普通人无法注意到的细微线索。
fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想
fantastic adj.极好的；富于想象的
I strongly recommend that you read the fantastic story which is a magical mix of fantasy and reality.我极力建议你读这则极好的故事，它是幻想和现实的神奇结合。
folk adj.民间的，民俗的
Chinese paper-cutting，or jianzhi，is a kind of folk art dating back to the Han Dynasty.
中国剪纸是起源于汉代的一种民间艺术。
stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的
stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激
stimulation n．刺激；激励；激发
The stimulating discussion did stimulate our interest in the history of the Ming Dynasty and such stimulation would make us explore more about the great dynasty.这场趣味盎然的讨论确实激发了我们对明史的兴趣，这种激励会让我们对这个伟大王朝有更多的探索。
absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
absorb vt.理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力
absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的
absorb...into...把……吸入/并入……
absorb...from...从……吸收……
absorb oneself in专心致志于……
be/get/become absorbed in专心致志于……
The drama is so absorbing that we are all deeply absorbed in it.
这出戏太引人入胜了，我们都深深地沉浸在其中。
subjective adj.主观的；主语的
objective adj.客观的；宾格的 n．目标
Some critics hold a subjective attitude to the issue while others have an objective attitude.
一些评论员对这个问题持主观态度，而另一些持客观态度。
logic n．逻辑；道理，合理的想法
logical adj.按照逻辑的；合情合理的
logically adv.合乎逻辑地；在逻辑上
As far as I am concerned，though absorbing，the detective story is logically loose；that is，it lacks strict logic.就我而言，这个侦探故事虽然引人入胜，但在逻辑上是松散的；也就是说，它缺乏严格的逻辑。
mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事
mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的
It is a great delight to explore the mysterious valley to work out unknown mysteries.
探索神秘的山谷找出未知的奥秘是一件非常愉快的事。
recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵
recital n．(诗歌)朗诵会
recitation n．背诵；朗诵
Learning that you are to take part in a recital，I am writing with the intention of informing you of how to recite an article more vividly.You can start with a recitation from an old Chinese poem.
得知你要参加一个朗诵会，我写信是想告诉你如何更生动地朗诵一篇文章。你可以从朗诵一首中国古诗开始。
contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的
contradiction n．不一致，矛盾；反驳，驳斥
contradict vt.相矛盾，相抵触；反驳，驳斥
A nursery rhyme may not make sense and its contents even seem contradictory.
童谣本身可能并没有意义，内容甚至会显得自相矛盾。
riddle n．迷，谜语；谜团
One of the traditions on the Lantern Festival is solving riddles written on paper lanterns.
元宵节的传统之一是解开写在纸灯笼上的谜语。
literary adj.文学的
literal adj.字面意义的；完全按原文的；缺乏想象力的
literacy n．读写能力
literally adv.真正地；简直；按字面，字面上
literature n．文学；著作；文献
He can be literally referred to as a learned young man for the reason that he is fond of literature and he has read many literary works，not to mention the basic literacy skills practised since his young age.他真正能被称得上是一个博学的年轻人，因为他喜欢文学，他读过很多文学作品，更不用说他从小就练习的基本读写技能了。
rhyme n．押韵
Poetry is a genre of literature，which stresses imagery in content and rhymes in form.
诗歌是一种文学体裁，在内容上强调意象，在形式上强调韵律。
structure n．结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 vt.使形成体系；系统安排；精心组织
structural adj.结构(或构造)上的
I am writing to invite you to deliver an online presentation on how to structure fiction and how to use grammatical structures accurately.
我写信邀请你发表一场关于如何组织小说和如何准确使用语法结构的在线演讲。
tone n．(说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话的)音调，音色，音质
setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境
The romance，Roman Holiday，starring my favorite female actress Audrey Hepburn，has its setting in Italy and America.
爱情片《罗马假日》由我最喜爱的女演员奥黛丽 赫本主演，它的背景设在意大利和美国。
historical adj.历史的
history n．历史
historic adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的
historian n．史学工作者，历史学家
with a history of...拥有……的历史
Dr John，a famous historian who has made great historical discoveries during his work，is now giving a lecture about some major historic events in human history.
约翰博士是一位著名的历史学家，他在工作中取得了巨大的历史发现，现在正在作一场关于人类历史上的一些重大历史事件的讲座。
era n．时代，年代
shelf n．搁板，架子
submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递
submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
submit sth to sb将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to屈从于……
The surgeon decided to submit his paper to the journal，which will respond to the submission within six weeks.
这位外科医生决定把他的论文提交给杂志，该杂志将在六周内对提交的文章作出回应。
registration n．登记，注册
register vt.& vi.登记；注册
Some of my classmates are registering for selective courses in the registration office.
我的一些同学正在注册处注册选修课。
scan vt.(用电磁波等)扫描
figure out弄清楚，搞明白
a wide variety of 各种各样的
take place发生
instead of代替；而不是
晨背二　Lesson 1　[对应默写练习二]
unseen adj.未受注意的；未被看见的
All his dramas are masterpieces whose literary influence can not be unseen in history.
他所有的戏剧都是杰作，其文学影响力在历史上是不可忽视的。
icy adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的
The setting of this story is on an icy day in a mean cottage.
这个故事的背景是在一个寒冷的日子，在一间简陋的小屋里。
stare vi.凝视，盯着看
stare at盯着，凝视
glare at怒视
gaze at凝视；注视
It is rude of you to stare at others from head to toe，especially meeting for the first time.
你从头到脚盯着别人看是不礼貌的，尤其是第一次见面的时候。
blank adj.空白的 n．(纸张上的)空白处，空格
When stared at by him，I would go blank，totally not knowing what to do next.
当我被他盯着看时，我会一片茫然，完全不知道下一步该怎么办。
blanket n．毯子，毛毯
aside adv.到旁边，在旁边
aside from除了……之外(还有……)
set aside...for...留出……用于……
You had better set aside some time for sports every day so that you can keep yourself energetic.
你最好每天留出一些时间来运动，以便你能保持精力充沛。
Aside from going skateboarding，I will play football in my spare time.
除了玩滑板，我还会在业余时间踢足球。
backwards adv.往回，往后面；向后，朝后
nonsense n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法)
As far as I can judge，some comments on the folk story are totally nonsense.
我认为，关于这个民间传说的一些评论完全是无稽之谈。
sail vi.& vt.飘；(乘船)航行
sailor n．水手；船员
sailing n．(乘船)航行；航班
Having everything prepared，the sailor started sailing.准备好一切后，水手开始航行。
fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来
I would appreciate it a lot if you can stop staring at me and fetch some water for me.
如果你能停止盯着我看，给我拿些水来，我将不胜感激。
slip vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 n．纸片；差错
slippery adj.滑的；靠不住的；棘手的
He got his arm sprained when he slipped and fell on the icy ground.
他滑倒在冰冷的地面上，把胳膊扭伤了。
When he slipped out of the classroom，a piece of slip dropped to the ground.
当他溜出教室时，一张纸片掉到了地上。
disbelief n．不信，怀疑
belief n．相信；信心；信念
believe v．相信
disbelieve v．不信，怀疑
have belief in＝believe in相信，信任
These scientists，whose belief was that the Earth was the centre of the universe，disbelieved Copernicus’s theory.They argued against his theory in disbelief.
这些科学家认为地球是宇宙的中心，他们不相信哥白尼的理论。他们置疑地反对他的理论。
curtain n．窗帘；门帘；帘子
crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动
criminal n．罪犯 adj.刑事的；犯罪的
commit a crime犯罪
The criminal committed a crime two years ago.With a criminal record，he couldn’t secure a job and hence，he had to move to a remote mountainous village.
这名罪犯两年前犯了罪。由于有犯罪记录，他找不到工作，因此，他不得不搬到一个偏远的山村。
fellow n．男人；家伙
It is said that the fellow in front of the registration desk once committed a crime.
据说登记台前的那个家伙曾经犯过罪。
janitor n．(学校或大楼的)看门人，门房，管理员
clothing n．服装，衣服
cloth n．布；布料
clothes n．衣服
Some locals offered food and clothing to the refugees.一些当地人为难民们提供食品和衣服。
inch n．英寸
As the wolf approached me，I held my breath，too scared to move an inch.
当狼靠近我时，我屏住呼吸，吓得动弹不得。
in an attempt to do sth试图做某事；为了……
According to the manager，two departments would be cut out in an attempt to cut costs.
根据经理的说法，为了削减开支，两个部门将被裁撤。
make up one’s mind下定决心
Now that you have made up your mind to set up your own business，start right now.
既然你已经下定决心要创办自己的企业，现在就开始吧。
long to do sth渴望做某事
Ever since middle school，I have been longing to be a seaman wandering on the sea.从中学起，我就一直渴望成为一名在海上遨游的海员。
be/get tired of厌倦
If you are/get tired of wandering around the gym，you can attend a group fitness class.
如果你厌倦了绕着体育馆闲逛，你可以参加小组健身课。
slip away 不告而别；溜走
It was then that I realized how much of the precious time had slipped away.
那时我才意识到有多少宝贵的时间已经溜走了。
drop off脱落；减少
be wet through湿透
We won’t guarantee，because it may not be repairable if it is wet through.
我们不能保证，因为如果被水浸透过，它可能无法修复。
晨背三　Lesson 2　[对应默写练习三]
queer adj.奇怪的，难以解释的
frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
freeze vi.& vt.(使)结冰；(使)冻住；(使)冻死
be frozen to death冻死
freezing cold极冷的
On a freezing day，the water in the river froze and that poor fellow was frozen to death.
在一个极冷的日子里，河里的水结冰了，那个可怜的人被冻死了。
sweep n．挥动；打扫 vt.& vi.扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走
sweep away 扫除；清除
When we saw our house swept away by the flood，a wave of sadness washed across us.
当我们看到我们的房子被洪水冲走时，一阵悲伤席卷了我们。
flake n．小薄片 v．(成小薄片)脱落，剥落
The road frozen，large flakes of snow began swiftly to fall on an extremely freezing morning.
在一个极冷的早晨，路面结冰，大片大片的雪花开始簌簌飘落。
They can see how its colors have faded and where paint has flaked.
他们能看到颜色消退的情况以及油漆剥落的地方。
daffodil n．水仙(花)，黄水仙
wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛；漫步于
Milky mist filling the vale，we wandered，feeling as if we were in a fairyland.
乳白色的薄雾笼罩着山谷，我们漫步其间，仿佛置身于仙境。
flutter vi.& vt.(在空中)飘扬，飘动；振(翼)，拍打(翅膀)
The butterfly fluttered from flower to flower.蝴蝶在花丛中飞来飞去。
breeze n．微风，和风
A cool breeze made the heat pleasantly bearable.
一阵凉风让炎热的天气变得稍微舒适了一些。
continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的
continue v．持续；继续
continuation n．延续，继续部分
continue to do/doing继续做
The city was overtaken by storms for continuous days.这个城市连日来遭到暴风雨袭击。
The Chinese revolution is a continuation of the great October Revolution.
中国的革命是伟大的十月革命的延续。
twinkle vi.闪烁，闪耀
The night sky was dotted with bright stars，which seemed to twinkle at us.
夜空中点缀着明亮的星星，它们似乎在向我们闪烁着眼睛。
stretch vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长
The route stretched out across the city into a distant vale.
这条路线穿过城市延伸到一个遥远的山谷。
margin n．(尤指地域或水域的)边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边
He formed the habit of taking notes in the margins while reading.
他养成了在阅读时在页边空白处做笔记的习惯。
bay n．湾，海湾
keep sth at bay 阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事物)
It is her tenderness and kindness that keep the monster in his mind at bay.
正是她的温柔和善良遏制了他心中的恶魔。
glance n．一瞥，很快的一看 vi.一瞥，看一眼
take/give/have a glance at粗略地看一下
at first glance乍一看；乍看之下
at a (single) glance(只)看一眼；一眼；立刻
glance at浏览，扫一眼
glance about/around环顾
wave n．海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手
After delivering a speech，he waved goodbye to the audience with a smile.
演讲结束后，他微笑着向观众挥手告别。
When they learnt that I was admitted to my dream university，a wave of joy washed across my family.当他们得知我被我梦想中的大学录取，一股喜悦之情席卷了我的家人。
sparkling adj.闪亮的，闪光的
A galaxy of twinkling stars matched the thousands of sparkling city lights.
闪烁的繁星与城内闪耀的万家灯火交相辉映。
gay adj.快乐的，兴奋的
gaily adv.快乐地，喜气洋洋地
It’s till within a week of her death that gay heart never failed her.
直到她去世的那个星期，她都一直保持着这样愉快的心情。
gaze vi.& n．凝视，盯着看；注视
gaze at凝视，盯着看；注视
It is always a wonderful time to gaze at the morning beauty of nature.
凝视大自然清晨的美景总是美妙的。
couch n．长沙发
vacant adj.空的，未被占用的
vacancy n．空房间；空缺；空虚
Learning that the position of sales manager is now vacant，I am writing to recommend Jim.
得知销售经理的职位现在空缺，我写信推荐吉姆。
solitude n．独处，独居
Tired of the noise of crowded city，she longed for peace and solitude.
厌倦了拥挤的城市的喧嚣，她渴望平静和独处。
fill up with用……装满
The channel of the river will fill up with mud if not regularly dredged.
河道如果没有被定期疏浚，就会积满淤泥。
a host of一大群；众多
A host of unwelcome thoughts were pressing in on him，which put him deep in depression.一大堆恼人的心事涌上他的心头，让他极其郁闷。
can not but 不得不；不由得
What depressed us was that sometimes we could not but submit to our fates.
让我们沮丧的是，有时我们不得不屈从于命运。
in glee欢喜地
Every time I saw her，she would rush to me in glee.每次我看到她，她都会兴高采烈地跑向我。
flash upon闪现；突然想到
At last，a sudden recollection seemed to flash upon him.最后，他似乎恍然大悟。
晨背四　Lesson 3，Writing Workshop & Reading Club
[对应默写练习四]
league n．里格(旧时长度单位)；体育运动联合会，联赛；联盟，同盟
Those who are interested in the football league can consult me afterwards.
那些对足球联赛感兴趣的人可以事后咨询我。
violent adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的
violence n．暴力
violently adv.猛烈地，暴力地
take...by violence强夺……
Children，surrounded by crime and violence，are more likely to engage in violent conflicts.
被犯罪和暴力包围的儿童更有可能卷入暴力冲突。
Even with the help of international peacekeepers，the city was finally taken by violence.
即使有国际维和人员的帮助，这座城市最终还是被强占了。
recollection n．想起，记起；记忆力；回忆
Having a talent for recollection and anecdote，I am confident that he will become an excellent writer in the future.他在记忆力和讲述趣闻轶事方面颇具天赋，我相信他将来会成为一名优秀的作家。
desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；渴望的
desperately adv.绝望地；极其地；渴望地
in desperation不顾一切地；绝望地
be desperate for sth非常需要某物
be desperate to do sth极想做某事
in desperate need of急需……
Desperate and disappointed，I felt as if I had been thrown into a world of darkness and in desperation，I desperately need your generous help.
既绝望又失望，我觉得自己被扔进了一个黑暗的世界。绝望之下，我非常需要你的慷慨帮助。
sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没
ease n．轻易，毫不费劲 v．减轻，缓解
with ease＝easily容易地；不费力地
feel at ease 感到舒适自在
put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在
ease sb of...使某人消除/减轻……
grab vt.攫取，抓住
On hearing the queer sound，my throat tightened and I grabbed his sleeve tightly.
听到这个奇怪的声音，我喉咙发紧，紧紧抓住了他的袖子。
nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Nevertheless，it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。
preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存
preserve v．维护，保护；保存 n．保护区
well-preserved adj.保存良好的
Believe it or not，ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.
信不信由你，中国古人在冬天有他们自己的保温方法。
drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙
He recalled the flood that year when hundreds of people were drowned to death and the streets and houses were drowned by the flood.
他回忆起那年的洪水，数百人被淹死，街道和房屋被洪水淹没。
strike vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；罢工 n．罢工；打击
striking adj.引人注目的；显著的
strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心；使……感到……
strike sb on/in＋the＋身体部位 敲打某人的身体部位
It strikes/struck sb that...某人突然想起……
be struck by被……侵袭；被……打动
be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
chest n．胸部，胸膛
He was wounded in the chest and soon became unconscious in the terrible accident.他在这场严重的事故中胸部受伤，很快就失去了知觉。
being n．生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在
human being 人类
come into being开始形成，出现
No one knew exactly when human being came into being at that time.
那个时候没有人确切地知道人类是什么时候出现的。
weapon n．武器，兵器；凶器
bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹
bounce off反弹；回弹
Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin，but bounced off.
不过，我很快就明白了为什么我的武器没有刺穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开了。
steel n．钢，钢铁
evidently adv.明显地，显然
evidence n．证据；证明
evident adj.显而易见的
It is evident that the police have collected enough evidence to prove that he has committed a crime.
＝Evidently，the police have collected enough evidence to prove that he has committed a crime.
很明显，警方已经收集了足够的证据来证明他犯下了罪行。
solid adj.固体的；坚硬的；可靠的
Honestly speaking，due to a shortage of solid proofs，the conclusions are quite doubtful.说实话，由于缺乏可靠的证据，这些结论是值得怀疑的。
polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的
polish v．擦亮，磨光；修饰，润色
construction n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑
construct vt.建造；创建
under construction(正在)修建中，(正在)建设中
reconstruct vt.重建；再建
reconstruction n．重建；修复
The government spares no effort to reconstruct these ancient cultural sites.In the process of reconstruction，workers exclaimed，“How difficult it was for ancient people to construct these super constructions without advanced facilities！”
政府不遗余力地重建这些古老的文化遗址。在重建过程中，工人们感叹道：“古人在没有先进设施的情况下，建造这些辉煌的建筑是多么困难啊！”
daybreak n．黎明，破晓
The violent wind blew hard all night but gradually faded away at daybreak.
整个晚上强风吹得很厉害，但到破晓时风势逐渐减弱了。
utter vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
When she heard the frightful news，she choked up and couldn’t utter a word.
当听说那个吓人的消息时，她感到喉咙里哽住了，一句话也说不出来。
aboard prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车)
board n．木板 vt.上船(车、飞机等)
go aboard上(船、飞机、火车等)
aboard the train/plane/ship在火车/飞机/船上
board a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
on board在(船、车、飞机等)上
The plane crashed but fortunately，all the passengers aboard survived.
飞机坠毁了，但幸运的是，机上所有乘客都幸存下来了。
seaman n．水手，海员；水兵
comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感
comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的
comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
comfort zone 舒适区；舒适范围
in comfort(＝comfortably)舒适地
be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰
comfort sb with...用……安慰某人
I am writing to show my appreciation to you for your generous help and heart-warming comfort when I was at a loss.我写信感谢你在我不知所措时给予的慷慨帮助和使人暖心的安慰。
My teacher comforted me，saying，“Walk out of your comfort zone bravely.In the beginning，you will not live in comfort，but gradually you can live comfortably.”老师安慰我说：“勇敢地走出你的舒适区。刚开始你会过得很不舒服，但渐渐地你就会过得舒服了。”
take...for granted视……为理所当然(而对其不重视)
take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
take it easy放轻松
take sth seriously重视/认真对待某事/某物
We should be grateful to our parents’ love instead of taking it for granted.我们应该感激父母的爱，而不是认为这是理所当然的。
emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的
emotion n．强烈的情感；情绪
emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上
Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause，and good emotions benefit our physical health.Therefore，we’d better avoid being emotionally unhealthy.情绪问题可能是由身体原因引起的，而良好的情绪有利于我们的身体健康。因此，我们最好避免情绪不健康。
scholar n．有学问的人；学者；奖学金获得者
scholarship n．奖学金；学术(研究)
He attained full scholarships in the college due to his excellent academic performance，and became an outstanding scholar afterwards.
由于学习成绩优异，他在学院获得了全额奖学金，后来成为一名杰出的学者。
poison n．毒药，毒素，毒物 vt.毒害，毒杀
poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的
Afterwards，he admitted putting some poisonous mushrooms in the soup deliberately to poison his opponent.后来，他承认故意在汤里放了一些毒蘑菇来毒害对手。
forgive vi.& vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕
forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量
forgive and forget不念旧恶，不记仇
forgive sb for (doing) sth原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive one’s doing sth原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb sth原谅某人某事
Learning that you have forgiven me for mistakes that I made，I am writing to sincerely thank you for your forgiveness.得知你已经原谅了我所犯的错误，我写信是为了真诚地感谢你的原谅。
fence vi.击剑 n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆
handkerchief n．手帕
noble adj.高尚的，崇高的；贵族的
nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地；贵族地
Bearing a noble soul，he always volunteered to help those in trouble.
他有一颗高尚的灵魂，总是自愿帮助那些有困难的人。
depend on依靠；信赖
respond to回应；响应
for the first time第一次
When I was seven years old，I performed for the first time in a musical，for which I had practiced for weeks.当我七岁的时候，我第一次在音乐剧中表演，为此我练习了几个星期。
for the sake of为了……起见
Even though I forgive you personally，for the sake of the honour of my family I cannot accept your apology.即使我个人原谅了你，为了我家庭的荣誉，我也不能接受你的道歉。
hold onto抓紧
He was struggling to hold onto a rock on the face of the cliff.他挣扎着去抓悬崖壁上的一块岩石。
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
晨背一　Topic Talk　[对应默写练习一]
biology n．生物学
biologist n．生物学家
biological adj.生物学的；生物的
capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
have the capability to do/of doing sth有做某事的能力
beyond/within the capability 在能力范围之外/内
capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
be capable of能够，有能力
incapable adj.无能力的，不能的，不会的
Equipped with massive professional knowledge in biology，you have the capability to make/are capable of making great breakthroughs in your field.凭借丰富的生物学专业知识，你有能力在你的领域取得重大突破。
marathon n．马拉松赛跑
justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
justice n．公平；公正
justification n．正当理由
in justification of作为对……的解释/辩护
infer vt.推断，推定
inference n．推断；推论
It can be inferred that the specialist has made scientific inferences from his former drafts.
可以推断，这位专家已经从他以前的草稿中得出了科学的推论。
calculate vt.计算，核算；预测
It is calculated that...据估算……
calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的
be calculated to do sth打算/故意做某事
calculation n．计算；预测
calculator n．计算器
physicist n．物理学家
physical adj.身体的；物理学的；物质的；有形的
physics n．物理学
physician n．内科医生
athletics n．田径运动
athlete n．运动员
athletic adj.运动的；健壮的
To be selected as an athlete and participate in the athletics，you should firstly be athletic and has the spirit of sportsmanship.
要想被选为运动员参加这次田径运动，你首先要有健壮的体魄和体育精神。
innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
innovation n．创新；创造
innovative adj.革新的；创新的
betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高
vaccine n．疫苗
resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力
participant n．参加者，参与者
participation n．参加，参与
participate v．参加，参与
participate in参加
There were two thousand participants who participated in the annual marathon and they benefited a lot from their participation.
有两千人参加了这次年度马拉松赛跑。他们从这次参与中受益颇多。
doping n．使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩)
as well也，还
He is more than my physics teacher；he is my friend as well.
他不仅仅是我的物理老师；他也是我的朋友。
a cure for一种……的治疗方法
Professor Wang said the reason for short-sightedness is complicated and that currently there is still no excellent cure for it except operation.
王教授说，近视的原因很复杂，目前除了手术还没有很好的治疗方法。
warm up热身；加热；(使)变暖和
In an hour the participants will be warming up for the main event.
在一个小时内参赛者们将做热身准备以参加这项重要的赛事。
on one’s own 独立地
My brother is such an independent man that he has the capability to solve most problems on his own.
我哥哥是一个如此独立的人，他有能力独立解决大多数问题。
be involved in参与
The organizer stressed the importance of ocean protection again and again，calling on more people to be involved in protecting the ocean.
组织者一再强调保护海洋的重要性，号召更多的人参与到海洋保护中来。
晨背二　Lesson 1　[对应默写练习二]
clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体
edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接
editor n．(报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑
edition n．版本；版次
gene n．基因
genetic adj.遗传学的；基因的
artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
artificial adj.人造的；人工的
barrier n．障碍，壁垒；隔阂
Thanks to your splendid tips，I could break down the barrier between my friend and me smoothly.
多亏了你的极好的建议，我才能顺利地消除我和朋友之间的隔阂。
identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的
(be) identical to/with与……相同的
There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.
书的封面上有一只小猎犬，看起来和我的狗一模一样。
twin n．双胞胎中的一个
mammal n．哺乳动物
camel n．骆驼
cattle n．牛
forever adv.永远；长久地
primate n．灵长目动物
comparison n．比较
in comparison with与……相比
by comparison比较起来
compare vt.对比；比较；将……比作 vi.与……类似
compare A with/and/to B比较A和B
compare A to B 把A 比作B
comparable adj.类似的；可比较的
By comparing myself with others，I can find my own strengths and weaknesses.In other words，by comparison，I can know myself better.通过和别人比较，我可以找到自己的优点和缺点。换句话说，通过比较，我可以更好地了解自己。
reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
wholly adv.完全地
whole adj.完全的；整体的 n．全体；整体
on the whole总体而言；大体上
clue n．线索，提示
accurate adj.准确的，正确的
be accurate in/at 在……方面准确
to be accurate准确地说
accuracy n．准确(性)；精确(程度)
with accuracy 准确无误地
treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
under treatment在治疗中
treat vt.治疗；对待；款待 n．乐事；款待
treat sb as...把某人看作……
treat sb to sth用……招待某人
treat sb with...以……对待某人
My treat.我请客。
The guy argued that he suffered unfair treatment when he was treated in the hospital.
那个家伙辩称，他在医院接受治疗时受到了不公平的对待。
provoke vt.激起，引起
He assured that he didn’t purposefully provoke conflict between them.
他保证自己没有故意挑起他们之间的冲突。
emotion n．强烈的情感，激情
emotional adj.情绪的；敏感的；情绪激动的
emotionally adv.感情上；情绪冲动地
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
For the sake of our health，it is crucial that we should learn to regulate our emotions.
为了我们的健康，我们应该学会调节自己的情绪，这一点至关重要。
bound adj.很有可能，肯定会；准备前往(某地) vi.跳跃 n．跳跃
be bound to do一定做……
be bound for 开往；准备去
With your diligence and concentration，you are bound to succeed in entering an ideal university.
以你的勤奋和专心，你一定会成功地进入一所理想的大学。
ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的
mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的
merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
superior adj.(在品质上)更好的，占优势的；(在级别或职位上)更高的
be superior/inferior to比……高级/低级
abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
blessing n．福气，幸运；许可
bless vt.祝福
be blessed with有幸拥有
I was blessed with a happy family and I could do what I liked to do with my parents’ blessing.
我有幸拥有一个幸福的家庭，并且在父母的许可下，我可以做自己喜欢做的事。
curse n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语
lead to导致；通往
be devoted to致力于
I still remember you never complain to me that my English is poor and you have been devoted to improving my oral English and English writing.
我仍然记得你从未向我抱怨我的英语差，并且你一直致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作。
depend on/upon取决于；依靠，信赖
Whether we will succeed in the end depends on/upon how much efforts we put into it.
我们最终能否成功取决于我们付出了多少努力。
晨背三　Lesson 2　[对应默写练习三]
atom n．原子
atomic adj.原子的；原子能的
nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张；勇气
lose one’s nerve失去勇气
nervous adj.神经的；紧张的
nervously adv.紧张地
organ n．器官
organic adj.器官的；有机的
contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；控制，抑制
contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings 克制某人的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
contain oneself控制自己；自制
container n．容器；集装箱；货柜
Hearing the good news，I couldn’t contain my inner happiness.
听到这个好消息，我抑制不住内心的快乐。
impulse n．(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲
Unable to resist the impulse，he glanced at the scene again.他忍不住冲动，又瞥了一眼现场。
locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
location n．地方；地点；位置
located adj.位于
(be) located in/on/at坐落在
crossword n．纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏
zone n．地区，地带
comfort zone舒适区
Only if we step out of our comfort zone，can we make a breakthrough in our life.
只有走出我们的舒适区，我们才能在生活中取得突破。
junk food (高脂肪、高糖分等的)不利健康的食品，垃圾食品
intake n．摄入量，摄取量
consist of由……组成
The company consisting of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
这家由15家小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财务危机。
make up组成；编造；化妆；弥补
After all the delays，we were desperate to make up for lost time.
耽搁了这么久，我们极想弥补失去的时间。
be responsible for对……负责
be related to与……有关
While applying for a job，you should highlight the parts of your experience that are related to the job.在申请工作时，你应该强调你的经验中与这份工作相关的部分。
come up(即将)发生；(太阳)升起
cut down on削减
There is no doubt that reusable bags would cut down on waste in the environment.
毫无疑问，可重复使用的袋子将减少环境中的垃圾。
晨背四　Lesson 3，Writing Workshop & Reading Club　
[对应默写练习四]
epidemic n．传染病，流行病
virus n．病毒
variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
vary vi.变化；不同
vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth在某方面不同
vary with...随……而变化
various adj.不同的，各种各样的
variety n．种类；变化；多样性
a variety of＝varieties of＝various多种多样的
The new chairman of the Student Association is devoted to organizing a variety of/various activities，which vary from English Speech Competition to the sports meeting.
新任学生会主席致力于组织各种各样的活动，从英语演讲比赛到运动会不等。
factor n．因素，要素
bacteria n．细菌
officially adv.官方地，正式地
official n．官员，高级职员 adj.官方的；正式的；公务的
officer n．官员；军官
classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
classification n．归类，分级，分类
classify...into...把……分类为……
classify...by/according to...根据……将……分类
classify sth as...把某事物归类为……
Garbage classification has become a new trend in big cities，and we should also learn to classify rubbish in our daily life.
垃圾分类已经成为大城市的一种新趋势，我们在日常生活中也应该学会对垃圾进行分类。
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
rarely adv.罕见地
Rarely have we seen such a rare scene in our life.
我们一生中很少看到这样罕见的场景。
baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事
oppose sb doing sth反对某人做某事
opposite adj.相反的；对面的 prep.在……对面
opposition n．反对
Not only did the man sitting opposite me oppose my idea but the woman on my left was opposed to what I put forward.Facing so much opposition，I had to wear an artificial smile to hide my inner frustration.
不仅坐在我对面的男士反对我的想法，而且坐在我左边的女士也反对我提出的建议。面对如此多的反对，我不得不露出假笑来掩饰内心的沮丧。
widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
There is widespread concern that more and more conventional customs will come into extinction.
人们普遍担心越来越多的传统习俗将会消亡。
parallel n．(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的；极相似的
be parallel to与……平行；与……类似
depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的
depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
depressive adj.抑郁的；患抑郁症的
depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁
depression n．抑郁(症)；萧条期
The depressing present situation depressed me so much.Depressed and helpless，I had to drown my depression in wine.
令人沮丧的现状使我意志非常消沉。既沮丧又无助，我不得不借酒浇愁。
sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
estimate vt.估计，估算 n．估价；估计
It is estimated that...据估算……
It is estimated that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year and of course，it is merely a rough estimate.
据估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8 450美元，当然，这只是一个粗略的估计。
visible adj.看得见的
invisible adj.看不见的
vision n．视力；视野
symptom n．症状；征兆，症候
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands用手捂住脸/头
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于/专心于……
Realizing she was being spied on，the girl was frightened to cry，burying her face in her hands.
意识到自己被人秘密监视，女孩吓得哭了，把脸埋在手里。
He was constantly buried in building castles in the air，never taking any practical action.
他总是埋头空想，从未采取任何实际行动。
pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态
posture n．(坐立的)姿势；看法；立场
lung n．肺
steadily adv.稳定地
steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
I am greatly convinced that only by taking steady measures can we tackle the crisis steadily.
我深信，只有采取稳健的措施，我们才能稳扎稳打地应对危机。
outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生
trial n．试验；审判，审理
by trial and error 反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
No one will break new ground in a field unless by trial and error.
除非通过反复试验，否则没有人会在一个领域开辟新的天地。
actual adj.实际的，真实的
actually adv.事实上；的确
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地
systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
system n．系统，体系；制度
globe n．地球，世界；地球仪
global adj.全球的，全世界的
globally adv.全球地
paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落
corresponding adj.相应的；对应的
correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond with符合，一致；与……通信
correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系
What you say should correspond with the facts or you’ll shoulder corresponding responsibility.你所说的应该与事实相符，否则你将承担相应的责任。
identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
identify with sb(在某方面)认同某人
identify...with...认为……等同于……
identify...as...确认……是……
identification n．鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明
identity n．身份；同一性；特征
identity card身份证(ID card)
Only if we deeply get involved in debate，can we identify actual and potential problems.
我们只有深入参与辩论，才能发现实际和潜在的问题。
symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地
symbol n．象征，标志；符号
symbolize vt.象征，是……的象征，代表
symbolic adj.象征的；使用象征的
phenomenon n．现象
mineral n．矿物质；矿产
needle n．针
database n．数据库，资料库
suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做过某事
suspect...to be...怀疑……是……
suspicion n．怀疑；疑心
suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
The suspect was suspected of stealing identification information from the database.
嫌疑人涉嫌从数据库中窃取身份信息。
victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
fall victim to成为……的受害者
Humanity will potentially fall victim to some artificial intelligence if it is not well regulated.
如果人工智能没有被妥善监管，人类可能会成为其受害者。
astronomer n．天文学家
astronomy n．天文学
get through熬过，度过(困难时期)
It was your calmness and determination that helped you get through difficulties.
正是你的冷静和决心帮助你克服困境。
in the course of在……的过程中
result from 产生于……，由……引起
belong to 属于
make good use of 很好地利用lawyer n．律师
law n．法律(体系)；法规
by law按照法律规定
obey/break the law遵守/违反法律
You are likely to break the law，because leaving a young child home alone is illegal in this state by law.你很可能会触犯法律，因为按照法律在这个州把年幼的孩子独自留在家里是违法的。
assistant n．助手，助理，副手
assist vt.帮助；协助
assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
physician n．医生
physical adj.身体的，肉体的；物质的，有形的
physics n．物理学
physicist n．物理学家
He works as a brilliant physician，dealing with physical problems，while his brother is a physicist，who specializes in physics.他是一名优秀的医生，治疗身体疾病，而他的兄弟是一名物理学家，专攻物理学。
architect n．建筑师，建筑设计师
architecture n．建筑风格；建筑设计；建筑学
architectural adj.建筑学的，建筑方面的
receptionist n．接待员
reception n．接待；招待会；接待处
dentist n．牙科医生
chef n．厨师，主厨
How funny it is—I had dreamed to be a dentist but ended as a chef.
真有趣——我曾梦想成为一名牙医，但最终却成了一名厨师。
butcher n．肉铺老板，肉贩
chemist n．化学家
chemistry n．化学
chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品
chemically adv.化学上地
Having been fascinated by chemistry and chemical changes since junior middle school，he has an ambition to be a chemist.
从初中开始，他就对化学和化学变化着迷，立志成为一名化学家。
consultant n．顾问
consult vt.咨询；商议；查阅
He has a successful career as an educational consultant and you can consult him if your children have some problems at school.
他是一名成功的教育顾问，如果你的孩子在学校有问题，你可以向他咨询。
librarian n．图书馆管理员
library n．图书馆
operator n．操作员；电话接线员
operate v．操作；运转；动手术
operate on＝conduct/perform an operation on给……做手术
operation n．手术；运转；操作
put sth into operation付诸实施
clerk n．接待员；办事员，文员；(商店的)售货员，店员
Ever since graduation，I have been working as an office clerk.
自从毕业以来，我一直在做办公室职员。
salesman n．男推销员，男售货员
saleswoman n．女推销员，女售货员
fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的；极感兴趣的
be fascinated by 对……着迷
fascinate v．深深吸引；迷住
fascination n．着迷，迷恋
fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
People were deeply fascinated by his fascinating performance，intently viewing in great fascination.
人们被他引人入胜的表演深深地迷住了，目不转睛地观看着。
department n．(医院、大学、公司、政府的)科，系，处，部；(大商场的)部
institution n．机构，团体；制度
institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
economy n．经济，经济制度
economics n．经济学
economic adj.经济(上)的
economical adj.经济的；实惠的；节俭
economically adv.在经济上；经济地，实惠地；节约地
I hope you can major in economics in college，and then contribute to our country’s economic development after graduation，which is also the most economical way to pursue your dream.
我希望你能在大学主修经济学，毕业后为我们国家的经济发展做出贡献，这也是追求梦想的最经济的方式。
administration n．管理，行政；执行，实施
administrator n．(公司、机构的)管理人员，行政人员
He had administrators under him in his department and only took charge of the most crucial administration himself.他所在的部门有管理人员，他自己只负责最关键的管理工作。
management n．经营，管理
manage v．经营，管理；设法做到
manage to do设法做成
After numerous interviews，I managed to stand out among all these brilliant candidates and survived the last alone.经过许多面试后，我成功地从众多优秀候选人中脱颖而出，独自撑到最后。
reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
unreliable adj.不可信赖的，不可靠的
rely vi.依赖；信赖
rely on 依赖；依靠
My assistant is a very reliable man whom you can safely rely on when you are in trouble.
我的助手是个非常可靠的人，当你遇到麻烦时，你可以放心地依靠他。
persuade vt.说服，劝服
persuasion n．说服，劝说
persuasive adj.有说服力的
The salesman’s persuasion was so persuasive that I was totally persuaded into getting involved in their activity.推销员的劝说非常有说服力，我完全被说服参与到他们的活动中来。
client n．客户，顾客
credit n．学分；赊购，信贷
To his credit，he bought each family member a special souvenir while on holiday.
值得称赞的是，他度假期间给每个家庭成员都买了一件特别的纪念品。
brilliant adj.极好的，优秀的；明亮的，灿烂的
bachelor’s degree n．学士学位
master’s degree n．硕士学位
Now that you have gained your bachelor’s degree，why not continue to pursue your master’s degree，which will make your future CV more brilliant？
既然你已经获得了学士学位，为什么不继续攻读硕士学位呢？这将使你未来的简历更加出色。
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的
impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目
impression n．印象；感想
get on well with (与某人)和睦相处，关系良好
Only if you get on well with your colleagues can you soon make progress in your work.只有你和同事相处得好，你的工作才能很快取得进展。
apply for (通常以书面形式)申请，请求
There are so many applicants applying for the administration position that we should have a strict selection.申请行政职位的申请人太多了，我们应该进行严格的挑选。
heart and soul全心全意地
All applicants guaranteed that they would serve the company heart and soul once they were selected.
所有申请者都保证，一旦被选中，他们将全心全意为公司服务。
be responsible for对……负责
We should be responsible for our own behaviour and spare no effort to protect the environment.我们应该对自己的行为负责，不遗余力地保护环境。
rather than而不是
When it comes to dining options，young people prefer to order home delivery rather than cook at home.说到用餐选择，年轻人更喜欢点外卖，而不是在家做饭。
be linked to与……相关
The success of the company is closely linked to the innovative spirit of its employees.
公司的成功与其员工的创新精神密切相关。
apart from除了……外；此外
Apart from doing sports which are suitable for teens，a balanced diet and adequate sleep are also significant.除了进行适合青少年的运动外，均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠也很重要。
let...down使……失望或沮丧
It is reported that their latest product had let most of their clients down.
据报道，他们的最新产品让大多数顾客失望了。unseen adj.未受注意的；未被看见的
All his dramas are masterpieces whose literary influence can not be unseen in history.
他所有的戏剧都是杰作，其文学影响力在历史上是不可忽视的。
icy adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的
The setting of this story is on an icy day in a mean cottage.
这个故事的背景是在一个寒冷的日子，在一间简陋的小屋里。
stare vi.凝视，盯着看
stare at盯着，凝视
glare at怒视
gaze at凝视；注视
It is rude of you to stare at others from head to toe，especially meeting for the first time.
你从头到脚盯着别人看是不礼貌的，尤其是第一次见面的时候。
blank adj.空白的 n．(纸张上的)空白处，空格
When stared at by him，I would go blank，totally not knowing what to do next.
当我被他盯着看时，我会一片茫然，完全不知道下一步该怎么办。
blanket n．毯子，毛毯
aside adv.到旁边，在旁边
aside from除了……之外(还有……)
set aside...for...留出……用于……
You had better set aside some time for sports every day so that you can keep yourself energetic.
你最好每天留出一些时间来运动，以便你能保持精力充沛。
Aside from going skateboarding，I will play football in my spare time.
除了玩滑板，我还会在业余时间踢足球。
backwards adv.倒着，朝反方向；向后
nonsense n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法)
As far as I can judge，some comments on the folk story are totally nonsense.
我认为，关于这个民间传说的一些评论完全是无稽之谈。
sail vi.& vt.飘；(乘船)航行
sailor n．水手；船员
sailing n．(乘船)航行；航班
Having everything prepared，the sailor started sailing.准备好一切后，水手开始航行。
fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来
I would appreciate it a lot if you can stop staring at me and fetch some water for me.
如果你能停止盯着我看，给我拿些水来，我将不胜感激。
slip vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 n．纸片；差错
slippery adj.滑的；靠不住的；棘手的
He got his arm sprained when he slipped and fell on the icy ground.
他滑倒在冰冷的地面上，把胳膊扭伤了。
When he slipped out of the classroom，a piece of slip dropped to the ground.
当他溜出教室时，一张纸片掉到了地上。
disbelief n．不信，怀疑
belief n．相信；信心；信念
believe v．相信
disbelieve v．不信，怀疑
have belief in＝believe in相信，信任
These scientists，whose belief was that the Earth was the centre of the universe，disbelieved Copernicus’s theory.They argued against his theory in disbelief.
这些科学家认为地球是宇宙的中心，他们不相信哥白尼的理论。他们置疑地反对他的理论。
curtain n．窗帘；门帘；帘子
crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动
criminal n．罪犯 adj.刑事的；犯罪的
commit a crime犯罪
The criminal committed a crime two years ago.With a criminal record，he couldn’t secure a job and hence，he had to move to a remote mountainous village.
这名罪犯两年前犯了罪。由于有犯罪记录，他找不到工作，因此，他不得不搬到一个偏远的山村。
fellow n．男人；家伙
It is said that the fellow in front of the registration desk once committed a crime.
据说登记台前的那个家伙曾经犯过罪。
janitor n．(学校或大楼的)看门人，门房，管理员
clothing n．服装，衣服
cloth n．布；布料
clothes n．衣服
Some locals offered food and clothing to the refugees.一些当地人为难民们提供食品和衣服。
inch n．英寸
As the wolf approached me，I held my breath，too scared to move an inch.
当狼靠近我时，我屏住呼吸，吓得动弹不得。
in an attempt to do sth试图做某事；为了……
According to the manager，two departments would be cut out in an attempt to cut costs.
根据经理的说法，为了削减开支，两个部门将被裁撤。
make up one’s mind下定决心
Now that you have made up your mind to set up your own business，start right now.
既然你已经下定决心要创办自己的企业，现在就开始吧。
long to do sth渴望做某事
Ever since middle school，I have been longing to be a seaman wandering on the sea.从中学起，我就一直渴望成为一名在海上遨游的海员。
be/get tired of厌倦
If you are/get tired of wandering around the gym，you can attend a group fitness class.
如果你厌倦了绕着体育馆闲逛，你可以参加小组健身课。
slip away 不告而别；溜走
It was then that I realized how much of the precious time had slipped away.
那时我才意识到有多少宝贵的时间已经溜走了。
drop off脱落；减少
be wet through湿透
We won’t guarantee，because it may not be repairable if it is wet through.
我们不能保证，因为如果被水浸透过，它可能无法修复。queer adj.奇怪的，难以解释的
frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
freeze vi.& vt.(使)结冰；(使)冻住；(使)冻死
be frozen to death冻死
freezing cold极冷的
On a freezing day，the water in the river froze and that poor fellow was frozen to death.
在一个极冷的日子里，河里的水结冰了，那个可怜的人被冻死了。
sweep n．挥动；打扫 vt.& vi.扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走
sweep away 扫除；清除
When we saw our house swept away by the flood，a wave of sadness washed across us.
当我们看到我们的房子被洪水冲走时，一阵悲伤席卷了我们。
flake n．小薄片 v．(成小薄片)脱落，剥落
The road frozen，large flakes of snow began swiftly to fall on an extremely freezing morning.
在一个极冷的早晨，路面结冰，大片大片的雪花开始簌簌飘落。
They can see how its colors have faded and where paint has flaked.
他们能看到颜色消退的情况以及油漆剥落的地方。
daffodil n．水仙(花)，黄水仙
wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛；漫步于
Milky mist filling the vale，we wandered，feeling as if we were in a fairyland.
乳白色的薄雾笼罩着山谷，我们漫步其间，仿佛置身于仙境。
flutter vi.& vt.(在空中)飘扬，飘动；振(翼)，拍打(翅膀)
The butterfly fluttered from flower to flower.蝴蝶在花丛中飞来飞去。
breeze n．微风，和风
A cool breeze made the heat pleasantly bearable.
一阵凉风让炎热的天气变得稍微舒适了一些。
continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的
continue v．持续；继续
continuation n．延续，继续部分
continue to do/doing继续做
The city was overtaken by storms for continuous days.这个城市连日来遭到暴风雨袭击。
The Chinese revolution is a continuation of the great October Revolution.
中国的革命是伟大的十月革命的延续。
twinkle vi.闪烁，闪耀
The night sky was dotted with bright stars，which seemed to twinkle at us.
夜空中点缀着明亮的星星，它们似乎在向我们闪烁着眼睛。
stretch vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长
The route stretched out across the city into a distant vale.
这条路线穿过城市延伸到一个遥远的山谷。
margin n．(尤指地域或水域的)边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边
He formed the habit of taking notes in the margins while reading.
他养成了在阅读时在页边空白处做笔记的习惯。
bay n．湾，海湾
keep sth at bay 阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事物)
It is her tenderness and kindness that keep the monster in his mind at bay.
正是她的温柔和善良遏制了他心中的恶魔。
glance n．一瞥，很快的一看 vi.一瞥，看一眼
take/give/have a glance at粗略地看一下
at first glance乍一看；乍看之下
at a (single) glance(只)看一眼；一眼；立刻
glance at浏览，扫一眼
glance about/around环顾
wave n．海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手
After delivering a speech，he waved goodbye to the audience with a smile.
演讲结束后，他微笑着向观众挥手告别。
When they learnt that I was admitted to my dream university，a wave of joy washed across my family.当他们得知我被我梦想中的大学录取，一股喜悦之情席卷了我的家人。
sparkling adj.闪亮的，闪光的
A galaxy of twinkling stars matched the thousands of sparkling city lights.
闪烁的繁星与城内闪耀的万家灯火交相辉映。
gay adj.快乐的，兴奋的
gaily adv.快乐地，喜气洋洋地
It’s till within a week of her death that gay heart never failed her.
直到她去世的那个星期，她都一直保持着这样愉快的心情。
gaze vi.& n．凝视，盯着看；注视
gaze at凝视，盯着看；注视
It is always a wonderful time to gaze at the morning beauty of nature.
凝视大自然清晨的美景总是美妙的。
couch n．长沙发
vacant adj.空的，未被占用的
vacancy n．空房间；空缺；空虚
Learning that the position of sales manager is now vacant，I am writing to recommend Jim.
得知销售经理的职位现在空缺，我写信推荐吉姆。
solitude n．独处，独居
Tired of the noise of crowded city，she longed for peace and solitude.
厌倦了拥挤的城市的喧嚣，她渴望平静和独处。
fill up with用……装满
The channel of the river will fill up with mud if not regularly dredged.
河道如果没有被定期疏浚，就会积满淤泥。
a host of一大群；众多
A host of unwelcome thoughts were pressing in on him，which put him deep in depression.一大堆恼人的心事涌上他的心头，让他极其郁闷。
can not but 不得不；不由得
What depressed us was that sometimes we could not but submit to our fates.
让我们沮丧的是，有时我们不得不屈从于命运。
in glee欢喜地
Every time I saw her，she would rush to me in glee.每次我看到她，她都会兴高采烈地跑向我。
flash upon闪现；突然想到
At last，a sudden recollection seemed to flash upon him.最后，他似乎恍然大悟。league n．里格(旧时长度单位)；体育运动联合会，联赛；联盟，同盟
Those who are interested in the football league can consult me afterwards.
那些对足球联赛感兴趣的人可以事后咨询我。
violent adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的
violence n．暴力
violently adv.猛烈地，暴力地
take...by violence强夺……
Children，surrounded by crime and violence，are more likely to engage in violent conflicts.
被犯罪和暴力包围的儿童更有可能卷入暴力冲突。
Even with the help of international peacekeepers，the city was finally taken by violence.
即使有国际维和人员的帮助，这座城市最终还是被强占了。
recollection n．想起，记起；记忆力；回忆
Having a talent for recollection and anecdote，I am confident that he will become an excellent writer in the future.他在记忆力和讲述趣闻轶事方面颇具天赋，我相信他将来会成为一名优秀的作家。
desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；渴望的
desperately adv.绝望地；极其地；渴望地
in desperation不顾一切地；绝望地
be desperate for sth非常需要某物
be desperate to do sth极想做某事
in desperate need of急需……
Desperate and disappointed，I felt as if I had been thrown into a world of darkness and in desperation，I desperately need your generous help.
既绝望又失望，我觉得自己被扔进了一个黑暗的世界。绝望之下，我非常需要你的慷慨帮助。
sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没
ease n．轻易，毫不费劲 v．减轻，缓解
with ease＝easily容易地；不费力地
feel at ease 感到舒适自在
put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在
ease sb of...使某人消除/减轻……
grab vt.攫取，抓住
On hearing the queer sound，my throat tightened and I grabbed his sleeve tightly.
听到这个奇怪的声音，我喉咙发紧，紧紧抓住了他的袖子。
nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Nevertheless，it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。
preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存
preserve v．维护，保护；保存 n．保护区
well-preserved adj.保存良好的
Believe it or not，ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.
信不信由你，中国古人在冬天有他们自己的保温方法。
drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙
He recalled the flood that year when hundreds of people were drowned to death and the streets and houses were drowned by the flood.
他回忆起那年的洪水，数百人被淹死，街道和房屋被洪水淹没。
strike vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；罢工 n．罢工；打击
striking adj.引人注目的；显著的
strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心；使……感到……
strike sb on/in＋the＋身体部位 敲打某人的身体部位
It strikes/struck sb that...某人突然想起……
be struck by被……侵袭；被……打动
be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
chest n．胸部，胸膛
He was wounded in the chest and soon became unconscious in the terrible accident.他在这场严重的事故中胸部受伤，很快就失去了知觉。
being n．生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在
human being 人类
come into being开始形成，出现
No one knew exactly when human being came into being at that time.
那个时候没有人确切地知道人类是什么时候出现的。
weapon n．武器，兵器；凶器
bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹
bounce off反弹；回弹
Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin，but bounced off.
不过，我很快就明白了为什么我的武器没有刺穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开了。
steel n．钢，钢铁
evidently adv.明显地，显然
evidence n．证据；证明
evident adj.显而易见的
It is evident that the police have collected enough evidence to prove that he has committed a crime.
＝Evidently，the police have collected enough evidence to prove that he has committed a crime.
很明显，警方已经收集了足够的证据来证明他犯下了罪行。
solid adj.固体的；坚硬的；可靠的
Honestly speaking，due to a shortage of solid proofs，the conclusions are quite doubtful.说实话，由于缺乏可靠的证据，这些结论是值得怀疑的。
polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的
polish v．擦亮，磨光；修饰，润色
construction n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑
construct vt.建造；创建
under construction(正在)修建中，(正在)建设中
reconstruct vt.重建；再建
reconstruction n．重建；修复
The government spares no effort to reconstruct these ancient cultural sites.In the process of reconstruction，workers exclaimed，“How difficult it was for ancient people to construct these super constructions without advanced facilities！”
政府不遗余力地重建这些古老的文化遗址。在重建过程中，工人们感叹道：“古人在没有先进设施的情况下，建造这些辉煌的建筑是多么困难啊！”
daybreak n．黎明，破晓
The violent wind blew hard all night but gradually faded away at daybreak.
整个晚上强风吹得很厉害，但到破晓时风势逐渐减弱了。
utter vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
When she heard the frightful news，she choked up and couldn’t utter a word.
当听说那个吓人的消息时，她感到喉咙里哽住了，一句话也说不出来。
aboard prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车)
board n．木板 vt.上船(车、飞机等)
go aboard上(船、飞机、火车等)
aboard the train/plane/ship在火车/飞机/船上
board a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
on board在(船、车、飞机等)上
The plane crashed but fortunately，all the passengers aboard survived.
飞机坠毁了，但幸运的是，机上所有乘客都幸存下来了。
seaman n．水手，海员；水兵
comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感
comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的
comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
comfort zone 舒适区；舒适范围
in comfort(＝comfortably)舒适地
be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰
comfort sb with...用……安慰某人
I am writing to show my appreciation to you for your generous help and heart-warming comfort when I was at a loss.我写信感谢你在我不知所措时给予的慷慨帮助和使人暖心的安慰。
My teacher comforted me，saying，“Walk out of your comfort zone bravely.In the beginning，you will not live in comfort，but gradually you can live comfortably.”老师安慰我说：“勇敢地走出你的舒适区。刚开始你会过得很不舒服，但渐渐地你就会过得舒服了。”
take...for granted视……为理所当然(而对其不重视)
take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
take it easy放轻松
take sth seriously重视/认真对待某事/某物
We should be grateful to our parents’ love instead of taking it for granted.我们应该感激父母的爱，而不是认为这是理所当然的。
emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的
emotion n．强烈的情感；情绪
emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上
Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause，and good emotions benefit our physical health.Therefore，we’d better avoid being emotionally unhealthy.情绪问题可能是由身体原因引起的，而良好的情绪有利于我们的身体健康。因此，我们最好避免情绪不健康。
scholar n．有学问的人；学者；奖学金获得者
scholarship n．奖学金；学术(研究)
He attained full scholarships in the college due to his excellent academic performance，and became an outstanding scholar afterwards.
由于学习成绩优异，他在学院获得了全额奖学金，后来成为一名杰出的学者。
poison n．毒药，毒素，毒物 vt.毒害，毒杀
poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的
Afterwards，he admitted putting some poisonous mushrooms in the soup deliberately to poison his opponent.后来，他承认故意在汤里放了一些毒蘑菇来毒害对手。
forgive vi.& vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕
forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量
forgive and forget不念旧恶，不记仇
forgive sb for (doing) sth原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive one’s doing sth原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb sth原谅某人某事
Learning that you have forgiven me for mistakes that I made，I am writing to sincerely thank you for your forgiveness.得知你已经原谅了我所犯的错误，我写信是为了真诚地感谢你的原谅。
fence vi.击剑 n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆
handkerchief n．手帕
noble adj.高尚的，崇高的；贵族的
nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地；贵族地
Bearing a noble soul，he always volunteered to help those in trouble.
他有一颗高尚的灵魂，总是自愿帮助那些有困难的人。
depend on依靠；信赖
respond to回应；响应
for the first time第一次
When I was seven years old，I performed for the first time in a musical，for which I had practiced for weeks.当我七岁的时候，我第一次在音乐剧中表演，为此我练习了几个星期。
for the sake of为了……起见
Even though I forgive you personally，for the sake of the honour of my family I cannot accept your apology.即使我个人原谅了你，为了我家庭的荣誉，我也不能接受你的道歉。
hold onto抓紧
He was struggling to hold onto a rock on the face of the cliff.他挣扎着去抓悬崖壁上的一块岩石。fiction n．小说；虚构的事
fictional adj.虚构的，编造的；小说(中)的
science fiction科幻小说(或影片等)
The newly released science fiction movie has enjoyed great popularity all over the country.
新上映的科幻电影在全国各地都很受欢迎。
poetry n．诗，诗歌；诗集；诗情，诗意
poem n．诗，诗歌，韵文
poet n．诗人
I bought a poetry anthology yesterday，which collects a large quantity of beautiful poems by contemporary poets.我昨天买了一本诗集，它收录了大量当代诗人的优美诗歌。
fable n．寓言
drama n．戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件
dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的
dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧(性)地；激动地
The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.Facing such a dramatic increase，the government officials are quite depressed.
无家可归者的人数急剧增加。面对如此急剧的增长，政府的官员们相当沮丧。
genre n．(艺术、写作、音乐等的)类型，体裁
There are different genres in literature，ranging from dramas and poetry to fiction.
文学有不同的体裁，从戏剧、诗歌到小说，不一而足。
adventure n．历险，奇遇
adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；惊险刺激的
I have been looking forward to a stimulating adventure in the past few months.
在过去的几个月里，我一直期待着一场刺激的冒险。
romance n．爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情
romantic adj.浪漫的；爱情的
In general，young girls who are eager for romance prefer romantic love stories while boys like science fiction more.
一般说来，渴望爱情的年轻女孩更喜欢浪漫的爱情故事，而男孩更喜欢科幻小说。
detective n．侦探，警探
Sherlock Holmes is a famous detective who can notice minor clues that ordinary people can’t.
夏洛克 福尔摩斯是一位著名的侦探，他能注意到普通人无法注意到的细微线索。
fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想
fantastic adj.极好的；富于想象的
I strongly recommend that you read the fantastic story which is a magical mix of fantasy and reality.我极力建议你读这则极好的故事，它是幻想和现实的神奇结合。
folk adj.民间的，民俗的
Chinese paper-cutting，or jianzhi，is a kind of folk art dating back to the Han Dynasty.
中国剪纸是起源于汉代的一种民间艺术。
stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的
stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激
stimulation n．刺激；激励；激发
The stimulating discussion did stimulate our interest in the history of the Ming Dynasty and such stimulation would make us explore more about the great dynasty.这场趣味盎然的讨论确实激发了我们对明史的兴趣，这种激励会让我们对这个伟大王朝有更多的探索。
absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
absorb vt.理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力
absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的
absorb...into...把……吸入/并入……
absorb...from...从……吸收……
absorb oneself in专心致志于……
be/get/become absorbed in专心致志于……
The drama is so absorbing that we are all deeply absorbed in it.
这出戏太引人入胜了，我们都深深地沉浸在其中。
subjective adj.主观的；主语的
objective adj.客观的；宾格的 n．目标
Some critics hold a subjective attitude to the issue while others have an objective attitude.
一些评论员对这个问题持主观态度，而另一些持客观态度。
logic n．逻辑；道理，合理的想法
logical adj.按照逻辑的；合情合理的
logically adv.合乎逻辑地；在逻辑上
As far as I am concerned，though absorbing，the detective story is logically loose；that is，it lacks strict logic.就我而言，这个侦探故事虽然引人入胜，但在逻辑上是松散的；也就是说，它缺乏严格的逻辑。
mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事
mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的
It is a great delight to explore the mysterious valley to work out unknown mysteries.
探索神秘的山谷找出未知的奥秘是一件非常愉快的事。
recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵
recital n．(诗歌)朗诵会
recitation n．背诵；朗诵
Learning that you are to take part in a recital，I am writing with the intention of informing you of how to recite an article more vividly.You can start with a recitation from an old Chinese poem.
得知你要参加一个朗诵会，我写信是想告诉你如何更生动地朗诵一篇文章。你可以从朗诵一首中国古诗开始。
contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的
contradiction n．不一致，矛盾；反驳，驳斥
contradict vt.相矛盾，相抵触；反驳，驳斥
A nursery rhyme may not make sense and its contents even seem contradictory.
童谣本身可能并没有意义，内容甚至会显得自相矛盾。
riddle n．迷，谜语；谜团
One of the traditions on the Lantern Festival is solving riddles written on paper lanterns.
元宵节的传统之一是解开写在纸灯笼上的谜语。
literary adj.文学的
literal adj.字面意义的；完全按原文的；缺乏想象力的
literacy n．读写能力
literally adv.真正地；简直；按字面，字面上
literature n．文学；著作；文献
He can be literally referred to as a learned young man for the reason that he is fond of literature and he has read many literary works，not to mention the basic literacy skills practised since his young age.他真正能被称得上是一个博学的年轻人，因为他喜欢文学，他读过很多文学作品，更不用说他从小就练习的基本读写技能了。
rhyme n．押韵
Poetry is a genre of literature，which stresses imagery in content and rhymes in form.
诗歌是一种文学体裁，在内容上强调意象，在形式上强调韵律。
structure n．结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 vt.使形成体系；系统安排；精心组织
structural adj.结构(或构造)上的
I am writing to invite you to deliver an online presentation on how to structure fiction and how to use grammatical structures accurately.
我写信邀请你发表一场关于如何组织小说和如何准确使用语法结构的在线演讲。
tone n．(说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话的)音调，音色，音质
setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境
The romance，Roman Holiday，starring my favorite female actress Audrey Hepburn，has its setting in Italy and America.
爱情片《罗马假日》由我最喜爱的女演员奥黛丽 赫本主演，它的背景设在意大利和美国。
historical adj.历史的
history n．历史
historic adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的
historian n．史学工作者，历史学家
with a history of...拥有……的历史
Dr John，a famous historian who has made great historical discoveries during his work，is now giving a lecture about some major historic events in human history.
约翰博士是一位著名的历史学家，他在工作中取得了巨大的历史发现，现在正在作一场关于人类历史上的一些重大历史事件的讲座。
era n．时代，年代
shelf n．搁板，架子
submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递
submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
submit sth to sb将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to屈从于……
The surgeon decided to submit his paper to the journal，which will respond to the submission within six weeks.
这位外科医生决定把他的论文提交给杂志，该杂志将在六周内对提交的文章作出回应。
registration n．登记，注册
register vt.& vi.登记；注册
Some of my classmates are registering for selective courses in the registration office.
我的一些同学正在注册处注册选修课。
scan vt.(用电磁波等)扫描
figure out弄清楚，搞明白
a wide variety of 各种各样的
take place发生
instead of代替；而不是clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体
edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接
editor n．(报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑
edition n．版本；版次
gene n．基因
genetic adj.遗传学的；基因的
artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
artificial adj.人造的；人工的
barrier n．障碍，壁垒；隔阂
Thanks to your splendid tips，I could break down the barrier between my friend and me smoothly.
多亏了你的极好的建议，我才能顺利地消除我和朋友之间的隔阂。
identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的
(be) identical to/with与……相同的
There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.
书的封面上有一只小猎犬，看起来和我的狗一模一样。
twin n．双胞胎中的一个
mammal n．哺乳动物
camel n．骆驼
cattle n．牛
forever adv.永远；长久地
primate n．灵长目动物
comparison n．比较
in comparison with与……相比
by comparison比较起来
compare vt.对比；比较；将……比作 vi.与……类似
compare A with/and/to B比较A和B
compare A to B 把A 比作B
comparable adj.类似的；可比较的
By comparing myself with others，I can find my own strengths and weaknesses.In other words，by comparison，I can know myself better.通过和别人比较，我可以找到自己的优点和缺点。换句话说，通过比较，我可以更好地了解自己。
reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
wholly adv.完全地
whole adj.完全的；整体的 n．全体；整体
on the whole总体而言；大体上
clue n．线索，提示
accurate adj.准确的，正确的
be accurate in/at 在……方面准确
to be accurate准确地说
accuracy n．准确(性)；精确(程度)
with accuracy 准确无误地
treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
under treatment在治疗中
treat vt.治疗；对待；款待 n．乐事；款待
treat sb as...把某人看作……
treat sb to sth用……招待某人
treat sb with...以……对待某人
My treat.我请客。
The guy argued that he suffered unfair treatment when he was treated in the hospital.
那个家伙辩称，他在医院接受治疗时受到了不公平的对待。
provoke vt.激起，引起
He assured that he didn’t purposefully provoke conflict between them.
他保证自己没有故意挑起他们之间的冲突。
emotion n．强烈的情感，激情
emotional adj.情绪的；敏感的；情绪激动的
emotionally adv.感情上；情绪冲动地
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
For the sake of our health，it is crucial that we should learn to regulate our emotions.
为了我们的健康，我们应该学会调节自己的情绪，这一点至关重要。
bound adj.很有可能，肯定会；准备前往(某地) vi.跳跃 n．跳跃
be bound to do一定做……
be bound for 开往；准备去
With your diligence and concentration，you are bound to succeed in entering an ideal university.
以你的勤奋和专心，你一定会成功地进入一所理想的大学。
ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的
mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的
merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的
superior adj.(在品质上)更好的，占优势的；(在级别或职位上)更高的
be superior/inferior to比……高级/低级
abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
blessing n．福气，幸运；许可
bless vt.祝福
be blessed with有幸拥有
I was blessed with a happy family and I could do what I liked to do with my parents’ blessing.
我有幸拥有一个幸福的家庭，并且在父母的许可下，我可以做自己喜欢做的事。
curse n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语
lead to导致；通往
be devoted to致力于
I still remember you never complain to me that my English is poor and you have been devoted to improving my oral English and English writing.
我仍然记得你从未向我抱怨我的英语差，并且你一直致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作。
depend on/upon取决于；依靠，信赖
Whether we will succeed in the end depends on/upon how much efforts we put into it.
我们最终能否成功取决于我们付出了多少努力。atom n．原子
atomic adj.原子的；原子能的
nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张；勇气
lose one’s nerve失去勇气
nervous adj.神经的；紧张的
nervously adv.紧张地
organ n．器官
organic adj.器官的；有机的
contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；控制，抑制
contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings 克制某人的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
contain oneself控制自己；自制
container n．容器；集装箱；货柜
Hearing the good news，I couldn’t contain my inner happiness.
听到这个好消息，我抑制不住内心的快乐。
impulse n．(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲
Unable to resist the impulse，he glanced at the scene again.他忍不住冲动，又瞥了一眼现场。
locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
location n．地方；地点；位置
located adj.位于
(be) located in/on/at坐落在
crossword n．纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏
zone n．地区，地带
comfort zone舒适区
Only if we step out of our comfort zone，can we make a breakthrough in our life.
只有走出我们的舒适区，我们才能在生活中取得突破。
junk food (高脂肪、高糖分等的)不利健康的食品，垃圾食品
intake n．摄入量，摄取量
consist of由……组成
The company consisting of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
这家由15家小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财务危机。
make up组成；编造；化妆；弥补
After all the delays，we were desperate to make up for lost time.
耽搁了这么久，我们极想弥补失去的时间。
be responsible for对……负责
be related to与……有关
While applying for a job，you should highlight the parts of your experience that are related to the job.在申请工作时，你应该强调你的经验中与这份工作相关的部分。
come up(即将)发生；(太阳)升起
cut down on削减
There is no doubt that reusable bags would cut down on waste in the environment.
毫无疑问，可重复使用的袋子将减少环境中的垃圾。epidemic n．传染病，流行病
virus n．病毒
variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
vary vi.变化；不同
vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth在某方面不同
vary with...随……而变化
various adj.不同的，各种各样的
variety n．种类；变化；多样性
a variety of＝varieties of＝various多种多样的
The new chairman of the Student Association is devoted to organizing a variety of/various activities，which vary from English Speech Competition to the sports meeting.
新任学生会主席致力于组织各种各样的活动，从英语演讲比赛到运动会不等。
factor n．因素，要素
bacteria n．细菌
officially adv.官方地，正式地
official n．官员，高级职员 adj.官方的；正式的；公务的
officer n．官员；军官
classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
classification n．归类，分级，分类
classify...into...把……分类为……
classify...by/according to...根据……将……分类
classify sth as...把某事物归类为……
Garbage classification has become a new trend in big cities，and we should also learn to classify rubbish in our daily life.
垃圾分类已经成为大城市的一种新趋势，我们在日常生活中也应该学会对垃圾进行分类。
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
rarely adv.罕见地
Rarely have we seen such a rare scene in our life.
我们一生中很少看到这样罕见的场景。
baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事
oppose sb doing sth反对某人做某事
opposite adj.相反的；对面的 prep.在……对面
opposition n．反对
Not only did the man sitting opposite me oppose my idea but the woman on my left was opposed to what I put forward.Facing so much opposition，I had to wear an artificial smile to hide my inner frustration.
不仅坐在我对面的男士反对我的想法，而且坐在我左边的女士也反对我提出的建议。面对如此多的反对，我不得不露出假笑来掩饰内心的沮丧。
widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
There is widespread concern that more and more conventional customs will come into extinction.
人们普遍担心越来越多的传统习俗将会消亡。
parallel n．(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的；极相似的
be parallel to与……平行；与……类似
depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的
depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
depressive adj.抑郁的；患抑郁症的
depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁
depression n．抑郁(症)；萧条期
The depressing present situation depressed me so much.Depressed and helpless，I had to drown my depression in wine.
令人沮丧的现状使我意志非常消沉。既沮丧又无助，我不得不借酒浇愁。
sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
estimate vt.估计，估算 n．估价；估计
It is estimated that...据估算……
It is estimated that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year and of course，it is merely a rough estimate.
据估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8 450美元，当然，这只是一个粗略的估计。
visible adj.看得见的
invisible adj.看不见的
vision n．视力；视野
symptom n．症状；征兆，症候
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands用手捂住脸/头
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于/专心于……
Realizing she was being spied on，the girl was frightened to cry，burying her face in her hands.
意识到自己被人秘密监视，女孩吓得哭了，把脸埋在手里。
He was constantly buried in building castles in the air，never taking any practical action.
他总是埋头空想，从未采取任何实际行动。
pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态
posture n．(坐立的)姿势；看法；立场
lung n．肺
steadily adv.稳定地
steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
I am greatly convinced that only by taking steady measures can we tackle the crisis steadily.
我深信，只有采取稳健的措施，我们才能稳扎稳打地应对危机。
outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生
trial n．试验；审判，审理
by trial and error 反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
No one will break new ground in a field unless by trial and error.
除非通过反复试验，否则没有人会在一个领域开辟新的天地。
actual adj.实际的，真实的
actually adv.事实上；的确
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地
systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
system n．系统，体系；制度
globe n．地球，世界；地球仪
global adj.全球的，全世界的
globally adv.全球地
paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落
corresponding adj.相应的；对应的
correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond with符合，一致；与……通信
correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系
What you say should correspond with the facts or you’ll shoulder corresponding responsibility.你所说的应该与事实相符，否则你将承担相应的责任。
identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
identify with sb(在某方面)认同某人
identify...with...认为……等同于……
identify...as...确认……是……
identification n．鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明
identity n．身份；同一性；特征
identity card身份证(ID card)
Only if we deeply get involved in debate，can we identify actual and potential problems.
我们只有深入参与辩论，才能发现实际和潜在的问题。
symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地
symbol n．象征，标志；符号
symbolize vt.象征，是……的象征，代表
symbolic adj.象征的；使用象征的
phenomenon n．现象
mineral n．矿物质；矿产
needle n．针
database n．数据库，资料库
suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做过某事
suspect...to be...怀疑……是……
suspicion n．怀疑；疑心
suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
The suspect was suspected of stealing identification information from the database.
嫌疑人涉嫌从数据库中窃取身份信息。
victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
fall victim to成为……的受害者
Humanity will potentially fall victim to some artificial intelligence if it is not well regulated.
如果人工智能没有被妥善监管，人类可能会成为其受害者。
astronomer n．天文学家
astronomy n．天文学
get through熬过，度过(困难时期)
It was your calmness and determination that helped you get through difficulties.
正是你的冷静和决心帮助你克服困境。
in the course of在……的过程中
result from 产生于……，由……引起
belong to 属于
make good use of 很好地利用biology n．生物学
biologist n．生物学家
biological adj.生物学的；生物的
capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
have the capability to do/of doing sth有做某事的能力
beyond/within the capability 在能力范围之外/内
capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
be capable of能够，有能力
incapable adj.无能力的，不能的，不会的
Equipped with massive professional knowledge in biology，you have the capability to make/are capable of making great breakthroughs in your field.凭借丰富的生物学专业知识，你有能力在你的领域取得重大突破。
marathon n．马拉松赛跑
justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
justice n．公平；公正
justification n．正当理由
in justification of作为对……的解释/辩护
infer vt.推断，推定
inference n．推断；推论
It can be inferred that the specialist has made scientific inferences from his former drafts.
可以推断，这位专家已经从他以前的草稿中得出了科学的推论。
calculate vt.计算，核算；预测
It is calculated that...据估算……
calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的
be calculated to do sth打算/故意做某事
calculation n．计算；预测
calculator n．计算器
physicist n．物理学家
physical adj.身体的；物理学的；物质的；有形的
physics n．物理学
physician n．内科医生
athletics n．田径运动
athlete n．运动员
athletic adj.运动的；健壮的
To be selected as an athlete and participate in the athletics，you should firstly be athletic and has the spirit of sportsmanship.
要想被选为运动员参加这次田径运动，你首先要有健壮的体魄和体育精神。
innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
innovation n．创新；创造
innovative adj.革新的；创新的
betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高
vaccine n．疫苗
resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力
participant n．参加者，参与者
participation n．参加，参与
participate v．参加，参与
participate in参加
There were two thousand participants who participated in the annual marathon and they benefited a lot from their participation.
有两千人参加了这次年度马拉松赛跑。他们从这次参与中受益颇多。
doping n．使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩)
as well也，还
He is more than my physics teacher；he is my friend as well.
他不仅仅是我的物理老师；他也是我的朋友。
a cure for一种……的治疗方法
Professor Wang said the reason for short-sightedness is complicated and that currently there is still no excellent cure for it except operation.
王教授说，近视的原因很复杂，目前除了手术还没有很好的治疗方法。
warm up热身；加热；(使)变暖和
In an hour the participants will be warming up for the main event.
在一个小时内参赛者们将做热身准备以参加这项重要的赛事。
on one’s own 独立地
My brother is such an independent man that he has the capability to solve most problems on his own.
我哥哥是一个如此独立的人，他有能力独立解决大多数问题。
be involved in参与
The organizer stressed the importance of ocean protection again and again，calling on more people to be involved in protecting the ocean.
组织者一再强调保护海洋的重要性，号召更多的人参与到海洋保护中来。

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