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选择性必修2-Unit 1 Science and Scientists-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要
2．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
3．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
4．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
5．furthermore adv.此外；再者
6．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
7．concept n．概念；观念
8．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
9．fault n．弱点；过错
10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰
12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
13．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
14．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
15．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
16．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
17．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
18．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
19．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
20．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
21．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
22．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
23．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
24．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
25．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
2．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护
3．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
4．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的
5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入
6．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
7．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
8．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
9．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净
10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
11．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．aerospace n．航空航天工业
2．astronomer n．天文学家
3．astronomy n．天文学
4．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行
5．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
6．cholera n．霍乱
7．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
8．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
9．dehydration n．脱水
10．diarrhoea n．腹泻
11．epidemiology n．流行病学
12．framework n．框架；结构
13．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
14．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
15．jet n．喷气式飞机
16．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
17．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
18．microscope n．显微镜
19．missile n．导弹
20．patriotic adj.爱国的
21．plasma n．血浆
22．protein n．蛋白质
23．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
24．rainbow n．彩虹
25．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
26．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
27．telescope n．望远镜
28．theoretical framework理论框架
29．virus n．病毒
30．vaccine n．疫苗
31．water pump水泵
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．above all最重要的是；尤其是
2．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
3．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
4．come down患(病)；染上(小病)
5．die from/of死于
6．in charge of主管；掌管
7．in time及时；迟早
8．once and for all最终地；彻底地
9．subscribe to同意；赞同
10．thanks to幸亏；由于
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth done)
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
【考点突破】
above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是
after all毕竟；终究first of all首先；第一all in all整体说来；总而言之in all全部；合计at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
用all的相关短语填空
(1)The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.________________，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.________________，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.____________，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ________________.
(2)Thanks to your timely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems ____________.
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
take the blame承担过错
(1)Furthermore，the boss blamed the mistake ________ his assistant，who wouldn’t take ________ blame for the mistake he hadn’t made.
(2)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always _____________.After all，many times _________.So instead of ________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
come down (with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)
come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to...当谈及……
用come的相关短语填空
(1)Above all，tell me how the accident ______________ immediately.
(2)My assistant’s first novel ________________，which made me proud of him.
(3)Aware that my partner __________________ a serious disease，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.
(4)_________ English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you _________ unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. Besides，when teachers’ questions ___________ in class，you should try to _______ answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“________________！”
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护]
defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护
(1)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if ________ defence.She seemed to defend herself ________ being injured.
(2)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。
①Seeing the fierce snake，__________________.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，__________________.(defence)
have sth done　Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do有某事要做
(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
We began to help pick peaches and then _______________________.
(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。
Our head teacher ________________.Even if we have finished our homework，he always _______________________.
(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。
I am terribly sorry for _________，because _________ just now.
so...that...　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)It is normal for ______ little boys to eat ______ little food，so don’t blame them.
(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。
①He was ________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
②_________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。
_________________，so I am specially writing to congratulate you.
(4)The self-study room is such an appealing place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.
→_________________________ many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(用so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that改写)
until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
______________________________ to help my father buy a new tractor.
(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。
①I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened ________________.(not...until)
②_______ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
③_______ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
【高考链接】
1．If you do，you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.
如果你不能放下个人情绪，就无法处理这样的情况。整个事情处理不好会导致不愉快的场面，这将会毁掉大家的一天。
2．Hearing these stories，I’m sceptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
听说这些故事时，我对这个地方表示怀疑——其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。
3．Public libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.
公共图书馆已经变成了你可以培养对知识的热爱、可以见到有趣的人或者可以了解如何创业的地方。
4．As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese，the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.
当收到一张用中文写的明信片时可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个理念就行不通。
5．Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
食物网可能是由许多弱生物链主导，因为这种安排从长远来看更加稳定。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．With solid ____________，the lawyer can certainly ____________ that he is innocent.(prove)
2．He was ____________ with an ____________ disease and the serious ____________ likely claimed his life.(infect)
3．He，an ____________，came to my __________；that is to say，he ____________ me in finishing the impossible task on time.(assist)
4．To ____________ her from being hurt，I must say something in her ____________.(defend)
5．Lang Lang is a ____________ pianist and he has a great ____________ for playing the piano.(gift)
6．He constantly finds fault ________ me，but I won’t yield to him.
7．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down ________ a severe illness.
8．I entirely believe that you are not linked ________ what happened just now.
9．I convinced them to subscribe ________ my plan，but later they changed their minds.
10．In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment ________ humans’ over-consumption.
11.Furthermore，table tennis is ________ an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
12．I have to say ________ his defence because he，an honest man，won’t steal anything in the grocery store.
13．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，________(shift) his weight nervously from one foot to another.
14．It was the ________(gift) girl that came up with such a brilliant idea.
15．I was overcome with sadness because I ________________(suspect) of stealing his money.
16．I often got ____________ in this job and the constant ____________ almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
17．With ____________ policies，the company’s exports have been increasing ____________.(steady)
18．The problem lies in deciding when to ________.The ____________ will help settle the problem.(intervene)
【选词填空】
1．Unfortunately，the poor boy ________________ with a severe illness，which was difficult to cure.
2．Could I speak to whoever is ________________ International Sales please
3．________________ his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.
4．Each of the scientists ________________ the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
5．I’d like to buy a house—modern，comfortable and，________________ in a quiet neighbourhood.
6．Does everyone know what to do if a fire _________ unexpectedly
【语篇语法填空】
Since the severe COVID-19 broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been 1.________________ tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to 2.__________ the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to 3.________.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly 4.________ to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will 5.________________ with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of COVID-19 in China saw a substantial 6.__________.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland’s leadership，we have achieved steady success，tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks.
【句型写作】
1．我会等到他来帮我。(until引导的时间状语从句)
I would wait ____________________________.
2．我是如此害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。(so...that...)
I was ________________________ I screamed at the top of my voice on the back of the horse.
3．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。(形容词短语作状语)
He was frightened to death，________________________.
4．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。(that引导的宾语从句)
________________ from reading the English newspaper Youth.
5．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。(It seemed that...)
_________________________ solving the math problem.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
above all
(1)First of all/Above all；After all；All in all；at all　(2)in all
blame
(1)on；the　(2)blame others for mistakes；we are also to blame；blaming others
come down (with...)
(1)came about　(2)came out　(3)came down with
(4)When it comes to；come across；come up；come up with；Come on
defend
(1)in；from/against　
(2)①he rushed to defend his son like an arrow　
②he rushed in defence of his son/in his son’s defence like an arrow
have sth done
(1)had them delivered to the farmers’ houses　
(2)can’t have us wasting our time；
has us read classics to widen/broaden our horizons　
(3)having you waiting for me for so long；
I had an urgent thing to attend to
so...that...
(1)such；so　(2)①so nervous that　②So nervous was he that　(3)You have made such great progress　(4)The self study room is so appealing a place that
until引导的时间状语从句
(1)I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money　
(2)①until I experienced the accident　
②Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that　
③It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.proof；prove　
2.infected；infectious；infection　
3.assistant；assistance；assisted　
4.defend；defence　
5.gifted；gift
6．with　
7.with　
8.to/with　
9.to　
10.on
11.such　
12.in　
13.shifting　
14.gifted　
15.was suspected
16．frustrated；frustration　
17.steady；steadily　
18.intervene；intervention
【选词填空】
1.came down　
2.in charge of　
3.Thanks to　
4.subscribes to　
5.above all　
6.breaks out
【语篇语法填空】
1．in charge of　2.handle　3.blame　4.linked　5.come down 6．decrease
【句型写作】
1.until he came to my assistance　
2.so frightened that　
3.unable to move an inch
4.I think that I have benefited a lot　
5.It seemed that we had great difficulty　

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