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Unit 5　课时测评作业二　Using language
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【小题夯基】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
1.When big 　　　　　　(pond) are full,small rivers become full.
2.The fields around had 　　　　　　　　(sow) with wheat.
3.Ancient 　　　　　　(wise) has stood the test of time.
4.The research method of comparative analysis 　　　　　　　　(employ) in the paper.
5.　　　　　　 (bat) are small flying animals that look like mice with wings made of skin.
6.On this basis,this article tries its best to seek a positive solution 　　　　　　the problems.
7.If you want to succeed in 　　　　　　(make) yourself understood,you need to know some of these differences.
8.He was astonished 　　　　　　(learn) he’d won the competition.
9.Forests vary greatly in composition 　　　　　　one part of the country to another.
10.This combination of qualities is generally supposed 　　　　　　(be) extremely rare.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.I couldn’t help 　　　　　　(miss) her at the prospect of our precious friendship.
2.Cao decided 　　　　　　(cover) the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.(2022·全国甲卷)
3.A friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered 　　　　　　(be) his companion during the trip.(2022·全国甲卷)
4.As high school students,it’s our responsibility 　　　　　　(protect) them.
5.　　　　　　(help) the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.(2022·全国乙卷)
6.My husband stopped 　　　　　　(fish) to start the motor.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
7.　　　　　　(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
8.During that time,　　　　　　(increase) environmental awareness made it desirable.(2021·全国乙卷)
9.Their answers also show that they dislike 　　　　　　(talk) to others.(2021·全国甲卷)
10.They had asked him 　　　　　　(bring) some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east.(2021·全国甲卷)
Ⅲ.用非谓语动词完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你,你的面试没有通过。
2.It is our duty 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题,看看哪里出了问题。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
4.I can hardly imagine Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很难想象彼得借酒消愁。
5.He came to the party without 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他没有受到邀请就来参加了聚会。
Ⅳ.用非谓语动词补全短文(每小题1.5分,共10.5分)
It is usual for young people and old people not 1.　　　　　　 (agree) with each other about life,work and play.But in one special program in New York State,the adults and the teenagers live in peace.Each summer,200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.　　　　　　 (live) for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn 3.　　　　　　 (make) furniture and to build houses.The adults are 4.　　　　　　 (delight) to teach them these skills.Everyone has several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends,too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or 5.　　　　　　 (paint).
It is necessary 6.　　　　　　 (make) rules when people live together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together.When someone breaks the rules,the group will discuss the problem.After the program,one of the teenagers said,“This program has taught me that I should stop 7.　　　　　　 (think) only about myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
【大题提能】
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
A dragonfly (蜻蜓) only an inch and a half long appears to be the animal world’s most productive long-distance traveler—flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates (迁徙) from continent to continent—according to a newly published research.
Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes.They found that populations (种群) of this dragonfly,called Pantala flavescens (黄蜻),in Texas,eastern Canada,Japan,India,and South America,have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation.Obviously—somehow—these insects are traveling distances that are extremely long for their small size,breeding with each other,and creating a common worldwide gene pool.
But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved.“These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas of their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”
Dragonflies,in fact,have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa.“They are following the weather,” says Daniel Troast,who analysed the DNA samples in Ware’s lab.“They’re going from India where it’s the dry season to Africa where it’s the wet season,and they do it once a year.”
Wetness is a must for Pantala flavescens to reproduce,and that,says Ware,is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip,which she calls a “kind of suicide”.The species depends on it.While many will die on the route,as long as enough make it,the species survives.
For the moment,it’s an educated guess about the details of this extraordinary insect travel.Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together.Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on marking those routes.
1.What proves Pantala flavescens are the animal world’s long-distance flyers
Scientists have searched for the dragonfly across the world.
There are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.
The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.
Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.
2.What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance
Their special body shape. Their ability to use wind.
Their strong desire to survive. Their large and strong wings.
3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to
The weather. The insect. The wind. The trip.
4.Where does the text most probably come from
A newspaper. A science fiction. A technology guide. An official document.
B
Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today,thousands of years later.Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves.Mayan builders created great sculptures,and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.
A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago.They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings.They include tree bark,volcanic ash,rice and beer.These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time.Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today.While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures,it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.
Many scientists have turned to the Romans.Starting around 200 BC,the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time.Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages,you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago.They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years.That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks when they form is the most shocking for them.Exactly how is not yet clear,but scientists are starting to find the reasons.
Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes.Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time,it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings.Instead,researchers are trying to take some of the ancient materials and add them into modern mixes.People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did.If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan,we’ll surely require less pulling down,less maintenance and less material in the long run.
5.What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for
Defence. Travel. Soldier training. Seawater control.
6.Which word can best describe the ancient buildings
Energy-efficient. Long-lasting. Delicate. Flexible.
7.What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials
Their large cracks. Their clear concrete.
Their internal structures. Their self-repairing ability.
8.What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete
Contradictory. Expectant. Doubtful. Pessimistic.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
In 2019,Gotham Greens opened its 9,300-square-metre Baltimore farm on the former site of Bethlehem Steel,which was the largest steel-manufacturing plant in the world.　1　 It aimed to repurpose unused rooftop spaces and abandoned factories for food production.
Urban populations are projected to increase by 2.5 billion by 2050.　2　 But despite the rise in city-based farms,there’s still a lot we don’t know about them,including the economic and environmental costs.
Florian Payen,an environmental scientist,and his colleagues looked at previous studies done in 53 countries where crops were grown in different urban environments,including “grey” spaces such as rooftops,and by using different growing methods.They found that yields (产量) of urban crops were often the same as those from conventional farms.Just as importantly,they revealed the most commonly-grown types of crops and the most effective growing methods.　3　
It’s known that the benefit of urban farming is a reduction in food miles.　4　 In one study,researchers analyzed the carbon footprint of different vegetables grown in greenhouses in Canada and that of the importing vegetables from the USA.“They found that it was less carbon-intensive to import the crops because of the high energy input required to grow them locally in greenhouses,” says Payen.
　5　Urban agriculture has the potential to enhance local ecosystems,attracting pollinators (传粉媒介) such as bees and birds that boost urban biodiversity while providing more green spaces to help keep cities cool and counter the urban heat island effect.
A.But there are other benefits.
B.Urban agriculture can help feed our growing cities.
C.It’s well worth investing in rooftop gardens or greenhouses.
D.The farm was one of the farms the company had set up in cities.
E.Urban agriculture in any given city can take lots of different forms.
F.However,urban-grown crops aren’t a more environmentally friendly option.
G.Surprisingly,they found little difference in overall yields between indoor and outdoor spaces.
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2.　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
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5.　　　　　　
课时测评作业二
小题夯基
Ⅰ.1.ponds　2.been sown　3.wisdom　4.is employed　5.Bats
6.to　7.making　8.to learn　9.from　10.to be
Ⅱ.1.missing　2.to cover　3.to be　4.to protect　5.Helping　6.fishing　7.Going　8.increasing　9.talking　10.to bring
Ⅲ.1.regret to inform you　2.to analyse the problem
3.was disappointed　4.drowning his sadness　5.being invited
Ⅳ.1.to agree　2.living　3.to make　4.delighted　5.painting
6.to make　7.thinking
大题提能
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种能长途飞行的蜻蜓——黄蜻。
1.D　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在得克萨斯州、加拿大东部、日本、印度和南美洲等地方的黄蜻都有相似的基因，这证明它们曾飞到过这些地方，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是动物世界中的长途飞行者，故选D项。]
2.B　[细节理解题。由第三段中的最后一句“These dragonflies have adaptations...to carry them”可知，这些蜻蜓作出适应性变化，比如增加翅膀的表面积，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故选B项。]
3.D　[代词指代题。根据第五段内容可知，对于这些蜻蜓来说这种长途飞行是很危险的，但它们要依靠这种飞行到湿润的地方繁衍并生存下来。所以句中的it指的是上文的长途飞行。故选D项。]
4.A　[文章出处题。文章介绍了一种叫黄蜻的蜻蜓。研究发现，这种蜻蜓的种群都具有相似的基因，它们能长途飞行。此类文章不会出自科幻小说、科技指南、官方文件，但有可能出自自然科学方面的报纸。故选A项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了古代建筑师所创造的建筑物，以及科学家对古代建筑材料的探索和研究。
5.A　[写作意图题。根据文章第一段第二、三句“Roman builders built...against foreign enemies.”可知，罗马的建筑是为了抵御海浪，而中国的建筑则是为了抵御外敌的。故选A。]
6.B　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句到末尾句“They are breaking...of these ancient materials.”可知，这些古建筑物能够屹立千年，拥有耐久性。故选B。]
7.D　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“That the ancient materials...the most shocking for them.”可知，科学家们对古代建筑材料的自我修复能力最为惊讶。故选D。]
8.B　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者对于未来混凝土充满期待。故选B。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农场的建立和其优缺点。
1.D　[根据空前“In 2019，Gotham...plant in the world.”和空后“It aimed to repurpose...food production.”可知，空前提到了新开设的巴尔的摩农场，后文介绍了它的目的，故D项空后的It指代D项中的“The farm”，D项中的“The farm”又指代空前的“Baltimore farm”，故选D项。]
2.B　[根据空前“Urban populations are projected to increase by 2.5 billion by 2050.”和空后“But despite the rise...and environmental costs.”可知，空前提到城市人口的增加，空后又提到了城市农场数量的增加，故B项符合语境，城市人口会增加到25亿，那么城市农业可以对其有所帮助，但我们仍然对城市农业不够了解，故选B项。]
3.G　[根据空前“They found that...effective growing methods.”可知，空前提到环境学家们研究的结果发现，城市农作物的产量与传统农作物相同，故G项符合题意，也是科学家们的发现，承接上文。故选G项。]
4.F　[根据空前“It’s known that the benefit of urban farming is a reduction in food miles.”和空后“In one study...greenhouses”可知，空前提到了城市农业的好处，空后又说明了其需要高能量的投入，故F项符合语境，与空前转折，引出后文的需要更高能量的投入，故选F项。]
5.A　[根据空后“Urban agriculture has...urban heat island effect.”可知，空后提到了城市农业带来的各个方面的好处，故A项符合，放在句首，作为本段的主题句，且可以承接上段末尾提到的城市农场的弊端。故选A项。]Unit 5　课时测评作业三　Developing ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【小题夯基】
维度一　语境辨义练(每小题1分,共5分)
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.　　　　　
②It was feared his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago.　　　　　
2.选出withdraw的汉语意思
A.v.退出　B.v. 收回　C.v.提取
①He withdrew his remarks and explained what he had meant to say.　　　
②She had to withdraw from the competition because of a leg injury.　　　
③I’d like to withdraw some money from my account.　　　
维度二　语境拼写练(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The achievement has now been finally 　　　　　　(获得) through their dauntless and persistent efforts.
2.He 　　　　　　(鞠躬) to the thunder of applause from the audience.
3.More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in 　　　　　　(农村的) areas.
4.Everyone should be entitled to a 　　　　　　(相当好的) standard of living.
5.White also appeals due to its association with innocence and 　　　　　　(pure).
6.The government’s 　　　　　　(reject) of the plans is a setback for us.
7.We need to carry out a proper 　　　　　　(evaluate) of the new system.
8.Calmly and 　　　　　　(deliberate),she cut up his suits one by one.
9.So absorbed were we in being with them that we didn’t realize it was time for 　　　　　　(depart).
10.For many such families,getting a child into university was the 　　　　　　(fulfill) of a lifelong dream.
维度三　固定用法练(每小题1.5分,共12分)
1.I’ve been struggling 　　　　　　　　(understand) this article all afternoon.
2.People’s reaction 　　　　　　the film has varied greatly.
3.We have to resign ourselves 　　　　　　fate since we cannot think out an effective remedy.
4.He didn’t feel completely 　　　　　　ease in the strange surroundings.
5.Mr Davis withdrew 　　　　　　the business firm,because he saw breakers ahead.
6.In return 　　　　　　your help,I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
7.The lesson I have drawn 　　　　　　this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
8.Because all of my friends were opposed 　　　　　　my plan,I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly.
维度四　写作提升练(每小题2分,共12分)
利用本课时所学知识补全短文并尝试背诵
Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both famous and influential poets who 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (拒绝接受他们舒适而熟悉的生活) and returned to nature.Tired of life at court,Tao resigned and succeeded in finding contentment 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在一个农村地区).On the other hand,Thoreau lived a decent life but he wanted to live simply.Therefore,he 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (花了两年时间在一间乡村小屋里生活和写作) near the Walden Pond.Tao’s nature was a place of a rural life with domestic animals such as chickens and dogs while Thoreau 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (致力于观察) the beauty and purity of nature and convinced people to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (与自然和谐相处).All in all,they attained 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (个人的满足感).
【大题提能】
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Over a hundred years after it sank near Antarctica,the ship of polar explorer Ernest Shackleton has been found using underwater robots.
In 1914,Ernest Shackleton and his 27 members left England in a wooden sailing ship called the Endurance.Shackleton hoped to become the first to cross Antarctica.But in 1915,the Endurance became trapped in the thick ice over the Weddell Sea.The ice broke the Endurance and later sank it.Then the ship’s captain kept accurate records of the ship’s position,and the ship’s photographer even took pictures of it as it went down.But the ship,deep in the icy waters near Antarctica,had never been found.
On Wednesday,a search team called “Endurance 22” announced it had located the ship.The Endurance was found 3 kilometers below the ocean’s surface,about 6 kilometers south of its last known position.According to the “Endurance 22” team’s report,the name can be clearly read on the back of the ship,and its wheel looks ready to be turned.
Though the ship is made of wood,it has survived with little damage.Scientists say that the small organisms(微生物) that normally break down wooden objects underwater don’t live in the cold waters around Antarctica.
The team ran the project from an ice-breaking ship.To locate the Endurance,the team used two underwater robots called Sabertooths.The robots could travel by themselves under the ice and go where the ship could not.For the last two weeks,the robots have been searching the sea floor in a 390-square kilometer area.
The robots were looking for anything above the sea floor.Last Saturday,the ship was found.Once the ship was located,the Sabertooths used high-quality cameras to record the Endurance in detail.Antarctica’s waters are protected by an international agreement,which means the ship can’t be disturbed.So the “Endurance 22” team plans to create a digital 3D model of the wreck(失事) site.This will allow scientists to study the ship in detail without disturbing it.
1.Why did the“Endurance 22” team know the ship’s possible position
They had first-class robots. The captain kept a good record.
Polar explorers recalled the details. The icy waters of the ship have changed.
2.What is the Endurance found to be like
It is in excellent shape. It is trapped in hard ice.
It is in poor condition. It has gone beyond recognition.
3.What plays the most important role in finding the Endurance
Luck. Patience. Weather. Technology.
4.What is the best title for the text
“Endurance 22” Announced a Great Discovery
A Polar Explorer’s Ship Found After Over 100 Years
Untold Finding of Antarctic Explorer Ernest Shackleton
New Results of the Robots’ Underwater Search
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
Nature has a lot to offer.　1　.Here are some valuable life lessons.
·Respect our roots.With time,a young tree grows into a full-grown one—something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree capable of supporting others.However tall it grows,its roots are firmly buried where it once took root.　2　,and give something back to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of different plants’ leaves,those brightly colored flowers,and unique patterns on animals With so much beauty around,who could refuse to admit that nature is the most creative artist out there 　3　.Be inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance to exist,however big or small it may be.　4　.The tiger eats the antelope;without the antelope,the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise,without tigers,the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to starve to death.
·　5　.For example,the icy cold snow melts in the warmth of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves,and these leaves turn into shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile,we shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and include her wisdom in our life.
A.Change is constant
B.We should not forget but respect our origins
C.She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D.Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E.She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F.Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G.But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
1.　　　　　　
2.　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Over 48,000 orange trees spread all corners of Seville,Spain.They not only fill the city’s air with the 　1　 smell of orange flowers in spring,but also 　2　 over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter.Though that makes Seville the Europe’s top orange-producing city,the fruit is too sour to be 　3　.While some oranges are used to make jam and alcohol,most of them 　4　 landfills.Oranges are a problem for the city.However,that may change soon thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy 　5　.
The program is 　6　 by the city council and parks department.Juice 　7　 from oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in an existing biogas (沼气) facility.The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to 　8　 a machine to produce clean energy.The officials think it’s not just about 　9　 money but also it can actually produce extra value.
In the initial period of a(n) 　10　,1,000 kilos of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to 　11　 the daily electricity needs of five homes.If it’s successful,by 2023,the city hopes to recycle all the oranges.If all the fruit is 　12　,it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.
This project will help to reach the 　13　 of reducing pollution and the fight against climate change.The latest effort is among many plans across Spain to 　14　 the country’s goal of switching its electricity system to 　15　 energy sources by 2050.
1.pleasant natural horrible strange
2.transform attain bear collect
3.obtained sold picked consumed
4.go back to break away from end up in give in to
5.traditionally creatively briefly slightly
6.conducted abandoned measured evaluated
7.purified sought extracted discovered
8.fix drive operate design
9.spending earning counting saving
10.experiment experience competition performance
11.expand satisfy recognize remove
12.purchased ordered eaten recycled
13.standards targets conclusions agreements
14.establish disturb interrupt achieve
15.limited rich renewable useful
课时测评作业三
小题夯基
维度一
1.①adj.国内的　②v.排斥(移植器官)
2.①B　②A　③C
维度二　1.attained　2.bowed　3.rural　4.decent　5.purity　6.rejection　7.evaluation　8.deliberately　9.departure 10.fulfilment
维度三　1.to understand　2.to　3.to　4.at　5.from　6.for　7.from　8.to
维度四　1.rejected their cozy and familiar life　2.in a rural area
3.spent two years living and writing in a cottage
4.devoted himself to observing　5.live in harmony with nature
6.personal fulfilment
大题提能
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道，主要讲了在科技的帮助下，极地探险家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿的船在沉没100多年后被发现。
1.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三段第二句可知，“坚忍”号的船长对位置作了精确的记录，使搜索队得以在记录的位置附近搜寻。]
2.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段末句以及第四段首句可知，这艘船的船名清晰可见，损伤很小，即它看起来状况良好。]
3.D　[推理判断题。根据第五段第二句及最后一段第三句可知，搜索队利用水下机器人定位沉船，之后用高质量摄像机记录船体细节，可推知科技在此过程中起到了重要的作用。]
4.B　[标题归纳题。阅读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，文章主要讲述了极地探险家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿的船在南极洲附近沉没100多年后，人们使用水下机器人发现了它。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。大自然给我们提供了很多东西，并且教会我们很多道理。本文列举了一些我们能从大自然中学到的道理。
1.E　[根据空前的“Nature has a lot to offer”以及空后的“Here are some valuable life lessons”可知，E项符合语境，起承上启下的作用。]
2.B　[根据空后的“and give something back...who we are”，并结合本段主旨句“Respect our roots”可推知，B项符合语境。选项中的“origins”呼应上文中的“roots”。]
3.F　[结合选项可知，F项承上启下，符合语境。选项F中的“this beautiful artist’s creation”照应上文中的“nature is the most creative artist”。]
4.G　[根据本段空后内容可知，生物间是相互依存的。故G项“但一种生物的存在依靠另一种生物的存在”与文意相符。]
5.A　[空处是本段的主旨句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要说明改变是不可避免且持续不断的，由此可知A项符合语境。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙的塞维利亚计划用橙子来发电，希望利用这一项目减少污染，应对气候的变化。
1.A　[根据空后的“smell of orange flowers in spring”并结合常识可知，此处描述的是橙子花的味道，故A项符合语境。]
2.C　[根据空后的“over 16，500 tons of fruit”可知，此处表示结出了超过16 500吨的果实。bear意为“结(果实)”。]
3.D　[根据“the fruit is too sour”可知，橙子太酸了，因此不能食用。consume意为“吃”。]
4.C　[根据上文中的“While some oranges are used to make jam and alcohol”可知，虽然有些橙子被用来制作果酱和酒，但大多数最终还是被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选C项。]
5.B　[根据空前的“thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy”可知，此处表示这个是一个新的想法，所以是有创造力的。故B项符合语境。]
6.A　[结合语境可知，这里表示由市议会和公园部门实施该项目。]
7.C　[由空后内容可推知，此处表示橙子变成橙汁，即从橙子中提取橙汁。extract “提取，提炼”。]
8.B　[根据空后的“a machine to produce clean energy”可知，从发酵液中释放出来的气体将被用来驱动机器生产清洁能源。drive表示“驱动；推动”，符合语境。]
9.D　[根据下文中的“but also it can actually produce extra value”可知，官员认为，用沼气带动机器生产清洁能源并不仅仅是为了省钱，也可以产生额外的价值。]
10.A　[由“In the initial period of”并结合语境可知，此处表示试验的初始阶段。]
11.B　[根据上文中的“1，000 kilos of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy”以及下文中的“the daily electricity needs”可知，此处表示50千瓦时的清洁能源足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。satisfy the needs of... “满足……的需求”。]
12.D　[根据上文中的“the city hopes to recycle all the oranges”可知，此处表示如果所有的果实被回收利用。]
13.B　[根据下文中的“reducing pollution and the fight against climate change”可知，实现减少污染和应对气候变化是一个目标，且下文中的“the country’s goal”也是提示。故选B项。]
14.D　[根据空后的“the country’s goal”并结合语境可知，此处表示实现目标。achieve a goal表示“实现目标”，故选D项。]
15.C　[本文主要讲了将橙子转化为可再生能源，所以此处应选C项，renewable表示“可再生的；可恢复的”。]Unit 5　课时测评作业一　Starting out & Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【小题夯基】
维度一　语境辨义练(每小题1分,共5分)
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①There are insects which extremely mimic leaves.　　　　　
②This design aims for harmony of form and function.　　　　　
2.选出frontier的汉语意思
A.n.边境　B.n.边远地区　C.n.(尤指知识的)前沿
①Frontier incidents have been common on the border.　　
②Researchers are pushing back the frontiers and opening doors to reveal why things happen and how things work.　　
③Until very recently Texas was an unsettled frontier.　　
维度二　语境拼写练(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Cloning is the 　　　　　　(知识前沿) technology in the field of life science and it is challenged by both ethics and technology.
2.Children tend to 　　　　　　(模仿) their parents,so it pays to be a good role model.
3.The explorers climbed a 　　　　　　(土堆,土丘) to survey the land around them.
4.Chinese people regard 　　　　　　(荷花) as an emblem of purity.
5.Plants can absorb carbon 　　　　　　(二氧化物) and release oxygen.
6.In the show,they all showed their 　　　　　　(极好的) skills,leaving a deep impression on me.
7.I’m really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese 　　　　　　(architect).
8.The motel is undergoing 　　　　　　(convert) into apartments.
维度三　固定用法练(每小题1.5分,共9分)
1.I’m not a beggar;I don’t want to be fed 　　　　　　leftovers from the rich man’s table.
2.The hotel is going to be converted 　　　　　　a nursing home.
3.Witnessing the gradual change of our village,we came to realize that only when we live 　　　　　　harmony with nature can we have a brighter future.
4.All the teaching staff and students present responded warmly 　　　　　　the activity.
5.The different parts of the garden fit together in 　　　　　　harmonious way.
6.Unaware of its value,some students take 　　　　　　for granted that they can waste food.
维度四　写作提升练(每小题2分,共8分)
利用本课时所学知识补全短文并尝试背诵
A superb hiking activity was held in our school last week.The activity 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (旨在为学生们提供一个接近大自然的机会) and build up their body.On hearing about the activity,all the students 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (对活动作出了积极的响应) and actively signed up.3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (参加这个活动) not only 4.　　　　　　　　　　 (使他们放松) but also made it possible for them to know more about each other.
【大题提能】
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Jim Metzner has spent nearly five decades documenting and sharing the sounds of the world,from immersive portraits of American cities to unforgettable moments with people and wildlife in varied places.
Now more people will be able to hear more of the world through Metzner’s tape.The Library of Congress announced earlier this month that it has acquired the full body of his life’s work.The recordings include soundscapes of every description from around the world and interviews with scientists,artists and local people.Whereas many recordists focus entirely on a single subject—nature,music or science—Metzner’s recordings convey various human experiences accompanied by the vast range of sounds from the natural world.
Metzner’s career began with a moment of realization in the 1970s,when he first ventured onto the campus of UMass Amherst equipped with a stereo recorder,microphone and earphones.Metznerre called pushing the red button and hearing a lifelike symphony:a couple walking and talking nearby,a bicycle riding through gravel,a bird flying overhead,bells in the distance.“And I was going like,‘Wow,this is amazing.What an extraordinary coincidence!’” he recalled.“But it wasn’t a coincidence—this stuff was happening all the time,I just hadn’t been paying attention to it.And it was the microphone and the recorder that said,‘Wake up...you live in a world of sound.Here it is.’ And it was,like,handing it to me on a plate.”
Metzner continued to focus on those moments over the years.Now in his 70s,Metzner isn’t hanging up his microphone quite yet.He tells NPR he’s grateful to the Library of Congress for preserving his life’s work,which he describes as a deep honor.But he also wants to make sure it’s actually being heard,not just “buried in an archive (档案室).”
He hopes more people will get to experience and recognize the value of soundscapes,which he describes as “part of our natural heritage” and “the touchstones to our feelings”.
“You can go to a museum and see Diane Arbus’ photographs.You can see Rene Magritte’s paintings,” he adds.“Why not soundscapes ”
1.What is special about Metzner’s recordings
They describe the interviews with local people.
They convey sounds from human activities.
They display sounds on different subjects.
They focus entirely on a single subject.
2.What inspired Metzner to take up the recording career
A symphony he heard on the campus of UMass Amherst.
A sound-rich moment on the campus of UMass Amherst.
A realization that he was well equipped with recording devices.
A coincidence that he happened to be waken up by the recorder.
3.Which aspect does Metzner value most about his life’s work
The Library of Congress has preserved it. It has recorded unforgettable moments.
It can become our natural heritage. More people can actually hear it.
4.What does Metzner probably mean in the last paragraph
Soundscapes are every bit as much of an art form.
More and more people choose to appreciate soundscapes.
Photographs and paintings are recognized as natural heritage.
The value of soundscapes deserves more recognition than others.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
If we redouble our efforts,our dreams will come true.Chen Zuobin had 　1　 for 13 years already.Finally,he decided to become a 　2　 again.Born in a mountain village in Anhui Province,Chen Zuobin walked out of the mountains for study when he was 19.Though he had a 　3　 life as a creative director of an international agency in Shanghai,he couldn’t 　4　 the anxiety reflected in his dreams.
“I dreamed about 　5　 branch roads several times a year.I didn’t know which one leads to 　6　.It made me feel terrible.” One day,Chen Zuobin said to his wife,“I want to go home.” 　7　 being surprised,his wife said,“Follow your heart.Don’t worry about me.”
The young couple returned to their hometown and 　8　 the Real Food Farm just to lead a real and simple life.Chen Zuobin shook off the 　9　 and tiredness from too much workload in the city.Only in the mountains can they enjoy the 　10　 air.There isn’t the smell of tail gas,but the smell of 　11　 when it shines over the woods.They live a life of “eating healthily and 　12　 well”.
In a time 　13　 eating properly becomes a luxury in the urban life,it’s truly a right way to return to the simplicity.“Life is a journey of 　14　 the proper way,” said Chen Zuobin.
Those dreams about branch roads have 　15　 because he has found his own path.
1.dreamed lived struggled hesitated
2.villager worker manager farmer
3.hard successful simple cozy
4.remove remember expose imagine
5.muddy uncertain countless straight
6.Rome home future destination
7.In terms of In spite of In place of Instead of
8.left sold built ruined
9.anxiety loneliness sadness joy
10.warm thin smelly fresh
11.water dust sunlight smog
12.playing sleeping dressing studying
13.when that which where
14.changing directing leading finding
15.faded away passed away put away run away
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Combining Charles Eames’ famous motto “Take your pleasure 1.　　　　　　 (serious)” with “Take your concerns playfully”,Alexander von Vegesack set up a summer school in 2.　　　　　　,for more than 30 years,he has been teaching how 3.　　　　　　 (learn) design from nature.
In the midst of the French countryside,Domaine de Boisbuchet 4.　　　　　　 (welcome) students and professionals from all over the world since 1986.It is set in 150 hectares of land,which today contains 20 5.　　　　　　 (building)—a mixture of original constructions and new pavilions 6.　　　　　　 (design) by creative minds from all over the world.Every summer students,designers,architects and creative figures of all kinds work alongside international artists and designers in workshops for one or more weeks.It is 7.　　　　　　 summer break which brings benefits to the profession.It teaches a 8.　　　　　　 (difference) way of looking at design.Alexander von Vegesack,who 9.　　　　　　 (found) this unusual “school” in 1986—one which he defines as “whole”,explains how abandoning urban life (at least for a while),living with complete strangers,sharing a single creative objective and working together can greatly change one’s approach 10.　　　　　　 design.
课时测评作业一
小题夯基
维度一
1.①v.像　②n.和谐
2.①A　②C　③B
维度二　1.frontier　2.mimic　3.mound　4.lotus　5.dioxide　6.superb　7.architecture　8.conversion
维度三　1.with　2.to/into　3.in　4.to　5.a　6.it
维度四　1.was designed to provide a chance for students to get close to nature　2.made a positive response to the activity　3.Taking part in the activity　4.made them relaxed
大题提能
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，主要讲的是Jim Metzner开始记录自然之声的经历，其作品后来被图书馆收录。
1.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句“The recordings include...the natural world.”可知，Metzner的录音的特别之处在于它们展示不同主题的声音。故选C。]
2.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Metznerre called pushing...in the distance.”可知，激发Metzner从事声音记录事业的是在马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的校园里的一个充满声音的时刻，故选B。]
3.D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“But he also wants to make sure it’s actually being heard，not just ‘buried in an archive (档案室)’.”可知，在他毕生的工作中，Metzner最看重的是更多的人可以听到它。故选D。]
4.A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘You can go to a museum...’ he adds.‘Why not soundscapes？’”可知，Metzner在最后一段的意思是音景也是一种艺术形式。故选A。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了事业有成的陈作斌和妻子返回大山过简单的山村生活，以摆脱城市生活带来的焦虑。
1.C　[空前一句说，如果我们加倍努力，我们的梦想就会实现，此处是说陈作斌已经奋斗了13年。A.dreamed 梦想；B.lived居住；C.struggled奋斗，努力；D.hesitated 犹豫。故选C。]
2.D　[根据空后的“...again.Born in a mountain village in Anhui Province”及第三段中的“the Real Food Farm”可知，出生在安徽一个山村的陈作斌决定再次成为一个农民，故选D。]
3.B　[根据空后的“as a creative director of an international agency in Shanghai”可知，身为上海一家国际机构的创意总监，陈作斌是成功的，故选B。]
4.A　[尽管身为上海一家国际机构的创意总监，陈作斌仍然无法摆脱梦中的焦虑，文章最后提到他关于那些岔路口的梦逐渐消失了，给了提示。A.remove 去除，摆脱；B.remember记住；C.expose揭露；D.imagine想象。故选A。]
5.C　[根据下句“I didn’t know which one leads to”可知，是无数的岔路口，不知道哪条是通往家的路。A.muddy泥泞的；B.uncertain不确定的；C.countless无数的；D.straight直接的。故选C。]
6.B　[根据下文中的“I want to go home.”可知是指回家之路，故选B。]
7.D　[根据下文妻子跟随他回家可知，相反，妻子对他的决定没有惊讶，反而告诉他跟随自己的内心。A.In terms of就……而言；从……角度来看；B.In spite of尽管；C.In place of代替；D.Instead of而不是，相反。故选D。]
8.C　[根据空后的“the Real Food Farm just to lead a real and simple life”可知，夫妇二人建造了农场，过上了简单的山村生活，故选C。]
9.A　[根据上文“the anxiety reflected in his dreams”和空后的“and tiredness from too much workload in the city”可知，陈作斌摆脱了过多的工作量带来的焦虑和疲劳，故选A。]
10.D　[根据常识可知，在大山里空气是新鲜的，故选D。]
11.C　[根据空后的“when it shines over the woods”可知，当阳光照耀着树林的时候能闻到阳光的味道，故选C。]
12.B　[根据空前的“They live a life of ‘eating healthily and...’”可知，他们在大山里吃得健康，睡得也很好，故选B。]
13.A　[空后面是一个定语从句，先行词是time，而从句中又不缺主语或宾语，故关系词在从句中作时间状语，故选A。]
14.D　[根据下文“because he has found his own path”可知，生活是一场寻找正确道路的旅程，故选D。]
15.A　[根据下文“因为他已经找到了自己的路”可知，上文应该是关于那些岔路口的梦逐渐消失了。A.faded away逐渐消失；B.passed away去世；C.put away把……收起来；D.run away逃跑。故选A。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了Alexander von Vegesack开办的一所让人们从自然界中学习建筑设计的暑期学校。
1.seriously　[考查词性转换。take...seriously表示“认真对待……”，为固定用法。空处用副词。]
2.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处指代先行词summer school，并作in的宾语，故空处填which，in which相当于where。]
3.to learn　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“how＋不定式”作宾语。how to do sth意为“如何做某事”，故填to learn。]
4.has welcomed　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since 1986可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，故填has welcomed。]
5.buildings　[考查名词的数。根据空前的20可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。]
6.designed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，pavilions与design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
7.a　[考查冠词。因为break在此意为“短暂的假期，休假”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，所以用不定冠词。且summer的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
8.different　[考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰名词，故应用形容词，因此填different。]
9.founded　[考查时态。由时间状语in 1986可知，此处应用一般过去时。]
10.to　[考查介词。approach to...是固定搭配，意为“……的方式”。故填to。]

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