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专题四 代词
典例分析
代词在高考中的考点：
宾格形式
物主代词
反身代词
it 的用法
不定代词
解题技巧（常见用法）：
有代词提示：
1. 宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。
2. 形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语
3. 名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。
4. 反身代词：充当或强调主语或宾语及固定短语
无提示代词：
1. 句子缺主语时：人称代词主格；不定代词；it
2. 句子缺宾语时：it
人称代词：
主格：I, you, she, he, they, it 宾格：me, you, her, him, them, it
物主代词：
形容性物主代词：my, our, your, his, her, their, its
名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its
反身代词：
用法：动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语
形式：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself
短语：behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself;介词短语：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself
不定代词：
1. some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词
2. all, both, either, none, neither, each, any及 either…or, neither...nor 等并列连词的使用
3. many, much, (a)few, (a)little，这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数
4. the other, another, the others, others
it:
1. 做形式主语：It is necessary to repeat the whole thing:
2. 做形式宾语：She made it clear (that) we were not welcome,
3. 做宾补：I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here:
4. 模糊指代：表示一般情况。如 help it有用; make it成功; 赶得及; 等
5. 指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等;
6. 用于强调句。
典例剖析：
【2024福建模拟】The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ______ (we) are bigger.
答案：ours 解析：考查物主代词。分析句子可知，空格处充当表语从句中的主语。由句意可知，此处意为“我们的大脑”，故用名词性物主代词，相当于our brain。故填ours。
【2023新课标Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ______ (they) contents.
答案：their 解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词contents，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【2024江苏模拟】Nowadays, having already been listed as Provincial Intangible Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government, this art is engaging ______ (it) in the general public entertainment.
答案：itself 解析：考查代词。根据“this art is engaging”可知，空处缺宾语，需用代词形式，engage oneself in表示“投入，参与”，故用反身代词itself，指代“this art”。故填 itself。
【2022全国乙卷】The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening ________(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
答案：its 解析：分析句子结构可知,设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰 exhibition。故填its。
【2023新高考Ⅰ卷】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ________ (I).
答案：mine 解析： 分析句子结构可知，此处指代“my memory”,应用名词性物主代词作in的宾语。故填mine。
【2021全国乙卷】Ecotourism has ________(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
答案：its 解析：分析句子结构可知，设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰origin。故填its。
重案突破
一、语法填空
1. Aubrey Fontenot's son, Jordan, told ______ (we) a boy named Tamarion was teasing him.
2. Chinese parents are glad that the government is stepping in to help _____ (they) control their children's interest in games.
3. They have become more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (礼节) and customs of ______ (they) own.
4. Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of ______ (it) games.
5. If you ever find ______ (you) yawning during a long video call, you may soon see yawns (哈欠) spread to the other faces on your screen.
6. When we had all introduced________ (we), Mr. Meng said, “Well done, everyone!”
7. Most parents think their approaches to raising children different from______ of their parents.
8. The air in the countryside is fresher than _______in the city.
9. He was told he had no talent and would never make ________ as a professional singer.
10. No joy can match _____ of a hot water bath on a cold winter day.
11. In the last monthly test there was so difficult a problem as______ of us could work out, which made the test designer puzzled.
12. ______ taught by others has the same effect on you as that learnt by yourself.
13. _____ puzzles me most is whether they really share the same interests.
14. I really want to know _____ you manage to keep the place so tidy while being so busy.
15. Many young people, most of ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
二、单选题
16. The research group handed in two reports based on the survey, but ______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. neither D. either
17. —Did you do ________ special for your mother on her birthday
—Yes. I cooked long noodles for her.
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
18. I’m moving to the country because the air there is much fresher than ________ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
19. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _____ by means of speech.
A. other B. another C. the other D. one another
20. 8. 15 is a special number, _________, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.
A. what B. it C. which D. one
21. I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ______ half learning drawing.
A. another B. the other C. other’s D. other
22. The water in the cup is hotter than ______ in the bottle.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
23. This produced a chain reaction, ________made ________ possible for life to develop.
A. what; that B. what; it C. which; that D. which; it
24. In many ways, the magic of AI is ________ it’s not something you can see or touch.
A. whether B. what C. that D. why
25. As the intelligent species, the human personality lies within the mind and body, ________ existence we had only recently become aware.
A. of which B. of whose C. of whom D. of its
答案及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：us
解析：句意为: 奥布里 方特诺特的儿子乔丹告诉我们, 一个名叫塔马里昂的男孩在取笑他。分析句子结构可知, 设空处在句中作 told 的宾语, 应用代词的宾格形式,故填 us。
2.答案：them
解析：句意为:中国父母很高兴政府能介入,帮助他们控制孩子对游戏的兴趣。设空处作动词help的宾语,应用代词they的宾格形式。故填them。
3.答案：their
解析：句意为: 它们已不仅仅是一种餐具,还形成了自己的一套礼节和习俗。of one's own 意为 “某人/物自己的”, 此处应用形容词性物主代词,表示“它们自己的”,故填 their。
4.答案：its
解析：句意为: 生活更像是一个棒球赛季, 即使是最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛。设空处修饰 games, 应用形容词性物主代词。故填 its。
5.答案：yourself
解析：句意为: 如果你曾发现自己在长时间的视频通话中打哈欠, 你可能很快就会看到哈欠蔓延到你屏幕上的其他面孔上。根据语境可知, 从句主语 you 与宾语同指一人, 表示“你自己”,此处应用反身代词, 故填 yourself。
6.答案：ourselves
解析：考查反身代词。句意：当我们都做了自我介绍后，Mr. Meng说：“大家做得好！”主语和宾语一致时，宾语要用反身代词，因此空格处是反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。
7.答案：those
解析：句意为: 大多数父母认为他们抚养孩子的方法与他们父母的方法不同。为避免重复, 代指前文出现的 approaches 应用 those。
8.答案：that
解析：考查指示代词。句意：乡村的空气要比城市的空气新鲜。that一般指代和前面同类但不是同一个事物，此处指代不可数名词“空气”。故填 that。
9.答案：it
解析：句意：有人说他没有天赋，永远也不会成为一名职业歌手。由he had no talent可知，句子表示"有人说他没有天赋，永远也不会成为一名职业歌手"，因此空格处应用固定短语make it，表示"成功"。故填：it。
10.答案：that
解析：句意为:没有什么快乐可以和寒冷冬日里洗一个热水澡的快乐相比。设空处考查代词 that的用法,代指前面的不可数名词joy。
11.答案：none
解析：句意为: 在上次的月考中, 有一道题太难了, 我们谁也解不出来,这使命题人很困惑。 ______ of us 是定语从句的主语,此处表示“在一定范围内没有……”, 应用代词 none。
12.答案：Nothing
解析：句意为: 别人教给你的东西对你的影响都不如你自己学到的东西。根据句意可知, 设空处应填表示完全否定意义的、指物的代词,故填 Nothing。
13.答案：What
解析：句意为:最让我困惑的是他们是否真的有相同的兴趣。根据句意和句子成分划分可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“……的(事情)”,故填What作引导词。
14.答案： how
解析：句意为:我真的很想知道你是怎么在这么忙的时候把这个地方保持得这么整洁的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句结构完整,结合句意可知,此处表示“如何”,作方式状语,故用how引导该从句。
15.答案：whom
解析：定语从句先行词Many young people"许多年轻人"，用who或whom引导。介词of后用whom。故答案为:whom。
二、单选题
16.答案：C
解析：考查代词词义辨析。句意：研究小组根据调查提交了两份报告,但都没有提出任何有用的建议。A. all所有；B. none没有一个；C. neither两者都不；D. either(两者中的)任何一个。根据前文“The research group handed in two reports based on the survey”,以及转折可知,应是这两个报告都没有提出任何有用的建议。故选C项。
17.答案：D
解析：本题主要考查代词辨析。句意：— 你妈妈生日那天你做了……特别的事吗？— 是的。我为她煮了长寿面。A项，nothing 没有什么事情；B项，something 某件事情；C项，everything 每件事情；D项，anything 任何事情。根据 Did you do...special for your mother on her birthday 可知，此处是一般疑问句，应用 anything。因此，D项符合题意。故正确答案为D。
18.答案：C
解析：考查代词。句意：我要搬到乡村去，因为那里的空气比城市清新得多。分析句子可知，此处为代词的填入，one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a/an+名词；that为特指，相当于the+名词，此处应是the air，故选C，air是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能用复数代词代替，排除A，D项复数形式。故选C项。
19.答案：B
解析：考查代词。句意:当一个人用言语与另一个人交流他的思想时，知识就开始增长。other意为“别的，另外的”，只能与名词复数连用;another意为“另一个”，表示泛指;the other特指两个人或两个事物中的另外一个，one another表示三者或三者以上中的“彼此，相互”。根据句意可知，此处没有明确的范围，所以应为泛指，表示一个人与另一个人的交谈，应用不定代词another。故选B。
20.答案：D
解析：考查代词。句意:8.15是一个特殊的数字，我认为是一个将被中国人民永远记住的日子。A. what什么;B. it它;C. which哪一个;D.one一个。分析可知，I think是插入语，空处为number的同位语，泛指，表示“一个日子”应用代词one，定语从句that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever对one进行修饰限定。故选D。
21.答案：B
解析：本题主要考查代词，选项A another 3个及3个以上中的另一个;选项B the other两个中的另一个;选项C other's 一般没有这种说法;选项D other其它的，根据句意，应该是两个中的另一个，所以B选项是正确的。
22.答案：B
解析：考查代词。句意:杯子里的水比瓶子里的热。指代前文不可数名词water应用that。故选B。
23.答案：D
解析：考查定语从句和代词。句意：这产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。分析句子结构可知，一空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话，作主语，用which引导，二空处为固定短语：make it possible for sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做…成为可能”，所以空处填it作形式宾语。故选D项。
24.答案：C
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在很多方面，人工智能的神奇之处在于它不是你能看见或触摸到的。“____ it’s not something you can see or touch”是表语从句，该从句意思和结构完整，解释人工智能的神奇之处在何处，故应用that引导该从句。故选C。
25.答案：B
解析：考查定语从句。句意：作为有智慧的物种，人的性格受思想和身体的影响，我们只是最近才意识到它的存在。先行词是 personality，existence 与 personality 之间构成所属关系，即 the existence of personality，即 of whose。故选B。

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